• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3931-3936
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• 2015

Fatty liver disease (FLD) can be a precondition for other liver pathology including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested in some studies to be a risk factor for FLD as well as cancers, including cholangiocellular carcinoma; however, there are currently very few studies on FLD in DM subjects, although the rate of FLD continues to increase annually. To determine the association between DM and FLD ultrasonographic data were analyzed from the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), in northeast Thailand. DM was reported by the subjects based on the CASCAP health questionnaire. Factors that were associated with FLD were determined by prevalence, odds ratio (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. There were 45,263 subjects with a mean age of 53.46 (${\pm}9.25$) years. FLD was found in 36.3% of DM subjects but only in 20.7% of non-DM subjects. The association between DM and FLD was adjusted for all other factors including gender, age, education level, relatives diagnosed with CCA, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hepatitis B and C. The risk of DM in subjects having FLD was highly significant compared with the non-DM subjects (OR 2.13; 95%CI: 1.92 to 2.35; p-value < 0.001). Thus DM is significantly associated with FLD which in turn may facilitate the development of several diseases including CCA. DM should be taken into consideration in future ultrasonic investigations of FLD and CCA.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2000

점차 대중화의 추세로 나아가는 골프인구의 증가와 함께 골프카의 수요가 증대되고 있다. 그러나 국내의 골프카 산업은 이러한 시장의 니즈에 적절하게 대응할 만큼 성숙되어 있지못한 상태에 있다. 국내시장의 수요는 대부분 고가의 수입 골프카가 담당하고 있으며 애프터 서비스의 불리함과 부품가격에 있어서도 역시 고가임에도 불구하고 점점 그 수요의 폭이 상승하는 추세이다. 우리나라는 자동차 산업의 기반여건이 제대로 갖추어져 있으므로 골프카 부문에 있어서도 경쟁력 있는 한국형 고유모델을 개발하기에 적절한 시기에 도달하였다고 판단된다. 이에 본 연구를 통하여 국내외 골프카 산업의 현황과 경쟁이 예상되는 골프카를 분석하고 국내여건에 적합하며 향후 해외시장에서도 경쟁력을 갖출 수 있는 고유모델의 디자인개발을 위한 전제조건들을 도출하고자 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2010

메쉬 파라메터화는 입력으로 들어온 메쉬와 파라메터 영역 사이의 부드러운 일대일 대응함수를 구하는 것으로, 삼차원 스캐너를 통해 획득한 디지털 형상을 여러 가지 응용문제에 활용하기 위해 필요한 디지털 형상 처리의 핵심기반기술이다. 본 논문에서는 구형 위상구조를 가지는 삼차원 물체에 대해, 표면뿐만 아니라 내부를 포함한 물체 전체를 단일 입방정육면체로 하모닉 매핑하는 새로운 삼차원 볼륨파라메터화 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 입력으로 들어온 볼륨메쉬의 표면을 정육면체와 동일한 위상구조를 가지는 여섯 개의 영역으로 나누고, 이를 이용하여 볼륨 파라메터화의 경계조건을 계산한다. 이후 경계조건을 만족하며 볼륨 내부의 하모닉 에너지를 최소화하는 하모닉 매핑을 계산하여 물체 내부까지 왜곡이 적은 삼차원 파라메터화 결과를 얻어낸다. 실험결과를 통해, 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 통해 다양한 구형 삼차원 모델에 대해 삼차원 볼륨파라메터화 결과를 효과적으로 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2006

Over the past two decades suicide terrorism has become an ever-widening phenomenon. When suicide terrorism was first introduced in the Middle East it seemed that this new phenomenon was invincible and that it might change the innate imbalance between terror groups and their rivalry governments. This did not in fact occur. Looking at history of terrorism, it can be seen that suicide attacks are in actuality a very old modus operandi. However, contemporary suicide terrorism differs from such historical tactics, just as the whole phenomenon of terrorism differs from ancient modes of warfare. Modern suicide terrorism is aimed at causing devastating physical damage. through which it inflicts profound fear and anxiety. Its goal is to produce a negative psychological effect on an entire population rather than just the victims of the actual attack. The relatively high number of casualties guaranteed in such attacks, which are usually carried out in crowded areas, ensures full media coverage. Thus, suicide terrorism, ranks with other spectacular modus operandi such as blowing up airplanes in mid air or the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction as a sure means to win maximum effect. For the purposes of this paper a suicide terror attack is defined as a politically motivated violent attack perpetrated by a self-aware individual (or individuals) who actively and purposely causes his own death through blowing himself up along with his chosen target. The perpetrator's ensured death is a precondition for the success of his mission. The greatest potential risk suicide terrorism may pose in future is if terrorists carry out operations combined with other spectacular tactics such as blowing up airplanes or the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Such a combination will increase immensely the death toll of a single terror attack and will have a shocking psychological effect on public moral. At this level suicide terrorism would constitute a genuine strategic threat and would probably be confronted as such. This study portrays a general overview of the modern history of suicide terror activity worldwide, focusing on its main characteristics and the various aims and motivations of the terror groups involved. In addition, This study provides an overview what is to be done to prevent such terrorist attacks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3134-3155
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• 2020

In this paper, we study the joint radio and computational resource allocation in the ultra-dense mobile-edge computing networks. In which, the scenario which including both computation offloading and communication service is discussed. That is, some mobile users ask for computation offloading, while the others ask for communication with the minimum communication rate requirements. We formulate the problem as a joint channel assignment, power control and computational resource allocation to minimize the offloading cost of computing offloading, with the precondition that the transmission rate of communication nodes are satisfied. Since the formulated problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which is NP-hard. By leveraging the particular mathematical structure of the problem, i.e., the computational resource allocation variable is independent with other variables in the objective function and constraints, and then the original problem is decomposed into a computational resource allocation subproblem and a joint channel assignment and power allocation subproblem. Since the former is a convex programming, the KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions can be used to find the closed optimal solution. For the latter, which is still NP-hard, is further decomposed into two subproblems, i.e., the power allocation and the channel assignment, to optimize alternatively. Finally, two heuristic algorithms are proposed, i.e., the Co-channel Equal Power allocation algorithm (CEP) and the Enhanced CEP (ECEP) algorithm to obtain the suboptimal solutions. Numerical results are presented at last to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2005

This research aimed to investigate the current trends of rooftop greening techniques of frequent use within and without Korea. It is also expected that this research will help developing new rooftop greening techniques appropriate for Korean environment. Data for this study have been collected from patent applications for rooftop greening techniques; the web sites of the Korean Intellectual Property Office as well as patent offices in Germany and Japan, where active researches on rooftop greening techniques are in progress. 168 applications within a period from the year of 1984 to December of 2004 were examined, among which Japan excelled with its 81 applications followed by Germany(54), Korea(31)and USA(2). In case of Japan, where more patent applications were found than in any other countries, applications for Plant Base(38) excelled others - System(36), Management(4) and Plant(3) in the number of applications. As for Germany, 25 cases were on Plant Base, 25 cases on System, and 4 cases on Plant; in Korea, 15 cases were on Plant Base, 11 cases on System, 3 cases on Plant and 2 cases on Management; in USA, 1 cases were on System and 1 cases on Plant. Overall, the total number of patent applications in three countries reaches 168 cases; among which Plant Base topped in all four countries, followed by 73 cases on System. Applications concerning Plant and Management totalled to 11 and 6 for each. In conclusion, most patents were concentrated on Plant Base and System while researches on Plant and Management still do not get as much attention as they deserve. Research and development of various techniques on Plant must be a precondition for the formation of diverse Bio-tops suitable for the environments of specific areas. Concrete researches on rooftop greening techniques will contribute to the improvement of urban ecosystem by developing more convenient and easily applicable techniques during the time of actual construction.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2006

애드 혹 네트워크는 라우터처럼 동작하는 모바일 노드들로 이루어진 그룹이다. 이러한 애드 혹 노드는 이동성이 전제되어 있기 때문에, 데이터가 전송되는 도중 경로가 끊어지기 쉽고, 이로 인한 경로 재설정 및 패킷 재전송 등의 네트워크 오버헤드를 유발시킨다. 그러나, 대부분의 애드 혹 라우팅 프로토콜들은 홉 수만을 고려한 경로를 설정한다. 본 논문에서는 링크 신뢰도에 기반하여, 시작 노드에서 목적지 노드로 데이터 패킷을 전송하기 위해 경로상의 노드들이 실제로 패킷을 전송하는 횟수(SNT)를 비용 인자로 사용한다. 이것은 신뢰도가 낮은 링크로 인한 재전송 횟수를 포함한다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 인자 SNT를 통해 모바일 애드 혹 네트워크에 적합한 효율적인 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2017

The business process of global third party logistics company is defined as a network of logistics activities which involves the products that are manufactured in the developing countries, such as Vietnam, China and so on, and delivered to North or South American countries via intermediate stopover sites. The third party logistics company usually uses proprietary logistics information system to support the related logistics activities. However, each consignor sometimes may require different business process based on the customer type or characteristics of their products. Therefore, the third party logistics company need to modify their business process to reflect customer's requirements, resulting in the modification of logistic information systems and additional costs. Therefore, a flexible mechanism is required to efficiently support the various types of requirements by the owners of the products. In this paper, first, we figured out various business rules related to third party global logistics activities. Second, we grouped the identified business rules into business processes, objects, relations, dependency, policy, representations, execution, and resources and further into precondition, postcondition, and invariant based on checking point in time. Furthermore, the categorized rules are classified into inter-activity and intra-activity rules based on the execution range. Third, we proposed a rule syntax to describe the defined rules into scripts which are understood by user and information system together. When each activity is executed, the rule manager checks whether there are rules related with the activity execution. Finally, we developed a prototype rule management system to show the feasibility of our proposed methodology and to validate it with an example.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2014

N데이터센터는 정부부처를 대상으로 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스를 제공하는 '클라우드 컴퓨팅센터'로 변모를 꾀하고 있으며, 각 부처에 필요한 만큼 정보자원을 서비스 형태로 제공하는 'IT서비스 센터'로 탈바꿈 예정이다. N센터 8중의 보안체계 하에서 클라우드서비스가 이미 정부부처에 제공되고 있으며, 향후 보안을 전제조건으로 민간분야까지 확대할 계획이다. 따라서 보안은 민간분야와의 클라우드 확산에 있어 선결요건이며, 이의 체계적이고 효율적 추진을 위해서 클라우드 데이터 센터로서의 보안수준을 파악하고 적절한 방안을 제시할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 선진 각국의 클라우드 데이터 센터의 보안 요건을 분석하고 클라우드 서비스 형태에 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 취약점을 파악하고, 선진 민간 클라우드 데이터 센터의 보안수준을 파악하고, 현행 N데이터센터 보안 수준과 선진 민간 클라우드 데이터센터와의 갭을 분석하여 보안관점에서 전환을 위한 요건을 제시하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.473-492
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• 2016

Objective: This paper discusses the recent challenges to human factors engineering due to the safety culture. Background: As incidents occurring in specific fields such as logistics, plant, energy and medical sectors in Korea, as well as in the public sectors including railway, road, aviation and shipping, are recently raised as social issues from the disaster dimension, those incidents are dealt with as man-made disasters in many cases. The trend regarding all accidents as man-made disasters has been expanded in the active perspective that the controllability of all incidents should be ensured in technology development, due to change from a fatal point of view regarding disasters as random occurrence of uncertainties in the past. Method: Man-made disasters are concluded as human errors, and safety culture stands out as a cause of human errors or a new cause item recently. Because safety culture, however, is a very comprehensive term, of which true nature is obscure, although many definitions of safety culture have been presented, the safety culture may make avoid the true nature and responsibility of an incident, or make the main player and subject obscure. Raising safety culture as a cause without presenting a specific countermeasure will be just a wisdom of hindsight. Results and Conclusion: This study reviews the fundamental discussions on "Is safety culture a task of human factors engineering?" and the existing approach carried out from various perspectives in order to seek an effective approach on the new task of safety culture in the human factors engineering field. This study discusses an engineering approach to meet a precondition that safety culture is not just an added factor through a review of the approaches in the proactive fields such as nuclear power and aviation, and the traditional approaches of human factors engineering. Application: This study especially defines the perspective of socio-technological system that has expanded the existing man-machine system, and discusses a systemic approach embracing various interactions, and several overriding tasks.