• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

I. Purpose Confirming an error to be able to break out in a method to move couch manually while operator sees the skin marks on patient in case of curing head who got 2 targets adjoined, so we analyze coordinates price of couch, evaluate reproducibility and precision of change movements between targets. II. Materials and Methods In radiotherapy, for confirming errors in manual movements by operators by exchanging between two targets to treat patient head, we read coordinates price(vertical, longitudinal, lateral three directions of couch) shown on a monitor of LINAC( CL 2100, Varian, USA) in order to evaluate accuracy about the length that moved in time for moving couch manually. After reading movement length of coordinates recorded in three directions of all treatment, we compared distance between targets recorded in RTP(Pinnacle, ADAC, USA) with reading coordinates price of couch, setting actually done the same patient for ten times, coordinates were recorded, treated for evaluating averages and degrees of errors and standard deviations. III. Results In method to confirm skin marks of patient by operators' view and to move couch manually, average standard deviations of movements between two targets are vertical 1.4mm, longitudinal 0.9mm, lateral 2.2mm in each direction. As for the error in straight dimension, it is about 3.6mm averages and 5.1mm maximum. The average of errors in each directions was vertical 1mm, longitudinal 0.7mm, lateral 2.7mm. The greatest error broke out in lateral direction with $25\%$ of all cases ; to exceed an error average. IV. Conclusions If operators moved manually couch for changing target points, errors about 3.6mm average degrees occur. It is important that operators confirm the errors prices of actual couch coordinates for asking a correct movement between the targets adjoined each other ; in case of treatment demanding high precision like 3D conformal therapy or IMRT. Therefore, if we apply couch coordinates confirmation to reproducibility and to precision evaluation of treatment, it's expected that we can execute high-quality radiotherapy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1141-1149
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• 2009

In Bone Mineral Density(BMD) measurements, accuracy and precision must be superior in order to know the small changes in bone mineral density and actual biological changes. Therefore the purpose of this study is to increase the reliability of bone mineral density inspection through appropriate management of image quality from machines and inspectors. For the machine management method, the recommended phantom from each bone mineral density machine manufacturer was used to take 10~25 measurements to determine the standard amount and permitted limit. On each inspection day, measurements were taken everyday or at least three times per week to verify the whether or not change existed in the amount of actual bone mineral density. Also evaluations following Shewhart control chart and CUSUM control chart rules were made for the bone mineral density figures from the phantoms used for measurements. Various forms of management became necessary for machine installation and movement. For the management methods of inspectors, evaluation of the measurement precision was conducted by testing the reproducibility of the exact same figures without any real biological changes occurring during reinspection. There were two measurement methods followed: patients were either measured twice with 30 measurements or three times with 15 measurements. An important point to make regarding measurements is that after the first inspection and any other inspection following, the patient was required to come off the inspection table completely and then get back on for any further measurements. With a 95% confidence level, the precision error produced from the measurement bone mineral figures produced a precision error of 2.77 times the minimum of the biological bone mineral density change (Least significant change: LSC). In order to assure reliability in inspection, there needs to be good oversight of machine management and measurer for machine operation and inspection error. Accuracy error in machines needs to be reduced to under 1% for scientific development in bone mineral density machines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.682-688
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• 1999

Thirty nine pregnant Javanese thin-tail ewes (20 and 19 carried a single and multiple [2 to 3] fetuses, respectively), and six nonpregnant ewes as controls were used to measure maternal serum hormone and blood metabolite concentrations as predictors of number of fetuses carried during pregnancy. Serum hormones (progesterone, estradiol, triiodothyronine, and cortisol) and blood metabolites (b-hydroxy butyric acid [BHBA], and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) were determined every four weeks during pregnancy and were used to predict litter size by discriminant analysis. The results of data analysis indicated that serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations at weeks 8, 12, 16 of pregnancy could be used to predict the number of fetuses carried with precision of 86.7 to 95.6%. Serum triiodothyronine, cortisol, BHBA, and BUN concentrations during pregnancy, however, were not good predictors of the number of fetuses carried. Serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations as early as 8 weeks of pregnancy in sheep could predict the number of fetuses carried with 86.7% precision.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.749-754
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the right shoulder's muscle activity when lifting ipsilateral and contralateral legs during the Push Up Plus (PUP) exercise, which is a typical shoulder stabilizing exercise, and to provide effective data for a shoulder stabilization exercise. Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid posterior, serratus anterior and pectoralis major, which are eight main muscles of a shoulder, were analyzed for the left and right leg lifting by using an electromyogram (EMG). The study revealed that the muscle activities of the right shoulder's upper trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, serratus anterior and pectoralis major were higher when lifting an ipsilateral (right side) leg, compared to lifting a contralateral (left side) leg. Therefore, lifting an ipsilateral leg can be an effective method for enhancing the maneuverability (mobility) of the right shoulder when lifting a single leg.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

In veterinary medicine amitraz has been used as an insecticide to eliminates mites, lice, and ticks in dogs, cats, goats, swine and cattle. The objective of present study was to developed an analytical method using one-step extraction and determination of the amitraz in veterinary drugs by liquid chromatography (LC). The amitraz was analyzed by LC equipped with Waters XTerra RP18 ($4.8{\times}250mm;\;5{\mu}m;\;Waters,\;USA$) analytical column, using 75% acetonitrile (acetonitrile/D.W; 75/25) at 1.0 ml/ min. The UV-VIS detection of amitraz was made at 290 nm. Calibration graphs were linear with very good correlation coefficients ($r^2>0.9999$) from $80{\sim}120{\mu}g/ml$. The limit of detection was $0.09{\mu}g/ml $ and limit of quantification was $0.27{\mu}g/ml $. The method showed good intra-day precision (CV 0.05~0.09%) and inter-day precision (CV 0.06~0.18%).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 2008

In this study, we have investigated the HPLC analysis methods and quantitative analysis of standard compounds for quality standardization of a medicinal crude drug GCSB-5, a herbal formulation consisting of 6 medicinal plants (Acanthopanacis Cortex, Achyranthis Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen, Eucommiae Cortex) which are used in traditional medicine to treat various bone disorders. HPLC analysis methods of acanthoside D(Acanthopanacis Cortex), 20-hydroxyecdysone(Achyranthis Radix) which were known standard compounds among 6 medicinal plants were developed on crude material and product. And validation of HPLC analysis methods were conformed for verification of HPLC methods by check to specificity, linearity, intra-day precision, inter-day precision and accuracy following ICH guideline. Content of acanthoside D and 20-hydroxyecdysone on raw material of GCSB-5 were decided at 0.577-0.578 mg/g and 0.311-0.312 mg/g. And we confirmed that content of acanthoside D and 20-hydroxyecdysone on GCSB-5 preparation were 0.302-0.303 mg/capsule and 0.113-0.115 mg/capsule.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1702-1705
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• 2006

A simulation study was conducted to evaluate a fine-mapping method exploiting population-wide linkage disequilibrium. Data were simulated according to the pedigree structure based on a large paternal half-sib family population with a total of 1,034 or 2,068 progeny. Twenty autosomes of 100 cM were generated with 5 cM or 1 cM marker intervals for all founder individuals in the pedigree, and marker alleles and a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining a total of 70% phenotypic variance were generated and randomly assigned across the whole chromosomes, assuming linkage equilibrium between the markers. The founder chromosomes were then descended through the pedigree to the current offspring generation, including recombinants that were generated by recombination between adjacent markers. Power to detect QTL was high for the QTL with at least moderate size, which was more pronounced with larger sample size and denser marker map. However, sample size contributed much more significantly to power to detect QTL than map density to the precise estimate of QTL position. No QTL was detected on the test chromosomes in which QTL was not assigned, which did not allow detection of false positive QTL. For the multiple QTL that were closely located, the estimates of the QTL positions were biased, except when the QTL were located on the right marker positions. Our fine mapping simulation results indicate that construction of dense maps and large sample size is needed to increase power to detect QTL and mapping precision for QTL position.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare performances of two analytical methods, the OSHA 42 and the NIOSH 5522, of quantifying total isocyanates in air. These methods were compared in terms of accuracy and precision and the detection limits using four(4) spiked samples in each of four(4) concentration levels which ranged from 0.25 to 2.0 times of the ACGIH TLV-TWA. In addition, two methods were used to as sess airborne concentrations of total isocyanates at the following processes including autobody spray painting, furniture spray painting, polyurethane foaming, urethane adhesion, UV coating, and pigment mixing. The results of this study showed that the NIOSH 5522 method was better than the OSHA 42 method in terms of accuracy, precis ion, and detection limit for quantifying airborne total isocyanates. It was also clear that the NIOSH method was capable of detecting not only monomeric but also non-monomeric isocyanates. The results of air concentrations of total isocyanates among processes studied indicate that some processes may exceed the recommended level of isocyanates. In addition, to evaluate toxicological effects of total isocyanates, it is recommended to consider additive effects of isocyanates present in mixtures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2006

The aim of the 3D medical imaging is to facilitate the creation of clinically usable image-based algorithm. Clinically usable imaging algorithm for image analysis requires a high degree of interaction to verify and correct results from registration algorithms, such as the Insight Toolkit (ITK) and the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) which are the class libraries. ITK provides segmentation algorithms and VTK has powerful 3D visualization. However, to apply those libraries to the medical images such as Computerized Tomography (CT), the algorithm based on the interactive construction and modification of data objects are necessary. In this paper we showed the 3D registration about mandibular premolar of human teeth acquired by micro-CT scanner. Also, we used the ITK to find the contour of pulp layer of premolar, furthermore, the 3D imaging was visualized with VTK designed to create one kind of view on the data of 3D visualization. Finally, we evaluated that the volume model of pulp layer would be useful for the tooth morphology in dental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2009

GCSB-5 preparation is a purified extract from a mixture six herbal medicines (Acanthopanacis Cortex, Achyranthis Radix, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen Nigra, Eucommiae Cortex) that have been widely used in traditional medicine to treat various bone disorders. This study was carried out to obtain the HPLC analysis method that can be used to establish quantitative analysis of Glycine Semen Nigra and Eucommiae Cortex for standardization of GCSB-5 preparation. HPLC analysis methods for the simultaneous determination of genistin (Glycine Semen Nigra) and geniposide (Eucommiae Cortex) were established for the quality control of herbal medicinal raw material and preparation. And validation of HPLC analysis methods were conformed for verification of HPLC methods by check to specificity, linearity, intra-day precision, inter-day precision and accuracy following ICH guideline. As the result of quantitative analysis, the contents of genistin and geniposide in the raw material of GCSB-5 preparation were 0.0426-0.0427 mg/g and 0.431-0.432 mg/g. And GCSB-5 preparation contained genistin of 0.0202-0.0203 mg/capsule and geniposide of 0.211-0.212 mg/capsule, respectively.