• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.417-428
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• 2005

아시아의 동안에 위치한 한반도는 수리적, 지리적 요인에 의해 지역에 따라 강수현상 및 탁월 일기의 다소와 그 계절변화가 크다. 이러한 탁월한 날씨의 특징은 한국의 하계의 강수출현율과 그 순변화에 잘 반영되고 있다. 본 논문은 한국의 78개 관측지점의 하계강수량$(1991\~2003)$의 순별 평균값에 대해 주성분분석법을 응용하여 하계강수량의 순변화형을 추출하고, 그의 공간스케일과 강수량의 다소에 따라 강수지역구분을 한 것이다. 주성분 분석에 의해 추출된 주성분 벡터와 진폭계수(Rs)에 따라 하계 강수량 순변화의 전형적인 특징은 두 개의 순변화형으로 표현되며 그 누적기여율은 $64.3\%$이다. 또한 한국의 하계 강수량의 순변화형은 $A\~K$형까지 9개가 추출되었고, 강수지역은 17개형으로 분류되었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.514-523
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• 2021

고창 표준기상관측소(Gochang Standard Weather Observatory, GSWO)에서 3년간(2014-2016년) 관측한 겨울철 강수량 자료를 사용하여 겨울철 관측환경에 따른 강수량 관측 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 설치환경이 다른 강수량계 4종인 NS(No Shield), SA(Single Alter), DFIR(Double Fence Intercomparison Reference), PG(Pit Gauge)를 사용하여, DFIR을 기준으로 누적 강수량 차이, 강수 유형별 특성, 풍속 변화에 따른 수집효율을 분석하였다. 강수 유형은 고창 종관기상관측장비(Automated Synoptic Observing System, ASOS)의 기온 관측 자료를 사용하여 강우, 혼합 강수, 강설로 분류하여 분석하였다. 겨울철 누적 강수량은 SA, NS, PG 순으로 DFIR과 유사하게 나타났으며, 통계 분석 결과에서는 SA가 DFIR과 가장 유사한 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로, 겨울철 강수량 관측에서는 SA가 기준 강수량계와 가장 유사하게 관측되었으며, PG는 겨울철 관측에 적합하지 않은 것으로 분석된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2016

The waste glass sludge is a waste produced in the glass industry. It is in a dust form and disposed with water. In the disposal process, various cohesive agents are incorporated in order to precipitate the glass particles efficiently. In this paper, we investigate the pozzolanic reaction of the waste glass sludge incorporating precipitation additives experimentally. The consumption of calcium hydroxide, the setting time and the compressive strength and the pore structure were tested for two different types of the waste glass sludge depending on whether precipitation additives were used. It was found that the waste glass sludge incorporating the precipitation additives had a higher pozzolanic potential than the reference waste glass sludge without precipitation additives.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2013

Spring rainfall events were comprehensively analyzed based on the distribution of precipitation amount and the related synoptic weather between 2008~2012. Forty-eight cases are selected among the rain events of the entire country, and each distribution of the 24-hour accumulated precipitation amount is classified into three types: evenly distributed rain(Type 1), more rain in the southern area and south coast region (Type 2), and more rain in the central region (Type 3), respectively. Type 1 constitutes the largest part(35 cases, 72.9%) with mean precipitation amount of 19.4 mm, and the 17 cases of Type 1 are observed in March. Although Type B and C constitutes small parts (11 cases, 22.9% and 2 cases, 4.2%), respectively. The precipitation amount of these types is greater than 34.5 mm and occurred usually in April. The main synoptic weather patterns affecting precipitation distribution are classified into five patterns according to the pathway of low pressures. The most influential pattern is type 4, and this usually occurs in March, April, and May (Low pressures from the north and the ones from the west and south consecutively affect South Korea, 37.5%). The pattern 3(Low pressures from the south affect South Korea, 25%) happens mostly in April, and the average precipitation is usually greater than 30 mm. This value is relatively higher than the values in any other patterns.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2005

한반도의 남서부에 위치한 호남지방은 수리적, 지리적 요인에 의해 지역에 따라 하계의 강수현상 및 탁월일기의 다소와 그 계절변화가 크다. 본 논문은 AWS 63개 지점을 포함한 호남의 79개 기상관측지점의 하계강수량(1994$\sim$2003)과 그 순변화형(강수특성 표현의 중요한 한 요소임)에 대해 순별 강수량의 다소와 순장수량의 주성분벡터와 진폭계수(Rs)를 이용하여, 호남 각 지역에서의 하계강수량 순변화형을 수량적으로 추출하고, 그 공간스케일의 변동을 규명해, 그에 따른 호남지방의 강수지역 구분을 시도한 것이다. 그 결과 호남지방의 하계강수량 순변화의 전형적 특징은 상위 4개의 순변화형으로 표현되며 그 누적기여율은 78.0%이다. 또한 호남지방의 하계강수량의 순변화형은 A-K형까지 11개가 추출되었고, 강수지역은 18개형 지역으로 구분되었다.

• 대기
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2006

Remote sensing techniques using satellites or the scanning weather radars depend mostly on the presence of clouds or precipitation, and leave the extensive regions of clear air unobserved. But wind profilers provide the most direct measurements of mesoscale vertical air motion in the troposphere, even in the context of heavy precipitation. In this paper, the precipitation events during the Changma period was classified into 4 precipitation types - stratiform, mixed stratiform/ convective, deep convective, and shallow convective. The parameters for the classification of analysis are the vertical structure of reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectral width measured with the wind profiler at Haenam for a three-year period (2003-2005). In addition, the synoptic fields and total amount of precipitation were analyzed using the Global Final Analyses (FNL) data and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data. During the Changma period, the results show that the stratiform type was dominant under the moist-neutral atmosphere in 2003, whereas the deep convective type was under the moist unstable condition in 2004. The stratiform type was no less popular than the deep convective type among four seasons because the moist neutral layer was formed by the convergence between the upper-level jet and the low-level jet, and by the moisture transport along the western rim of the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 1974

Of the Asp. spp. isolated by the Institute of Applied Microbiology, Kon-Kuk University, 7 strains were selected for the study of the immunological differencences among them using gel precipitation test. The strains were the following types : 1 type of flavus and 2 types of oryzae were isolated from Meju ; 1 type of flavus from Nuruk ; and each one type of flavus, parasiticus and oryzae from Kokja.Asp.flavus from ATCC, Asp. parasiticus nad Asp. niger NRRL strains were also used in the study as a standard. From this study, several points can be raised ; 1) There was no common antigenic property between Asp. niger and Asp. flavus, because of no formation of reaction line. Therefore, all strains could be easily distinguished. 2) There was common antigenic property, that is, the formation of reaction line between Asp. flavus and Asp. parasticus. Accordingly two strains could not be easily distinguished by the gel precipitation test. 3) Each type of oryzae, parasiticus and flavus of Asp. flavus group had common antigen one another as well as specific antigens only in the difference of the reaction lines, so they could be easily identified in the gel precipitation test. 4) Each isolated strain from Meju and Nuruk appeared to be identical. 5) It was shown that the gel precipitation test of serological methods was very useful for the classification of Asp. spp.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2013

It has long been known that the magnetospheric particles can precipitate into the atmosphere of the Earth. In this paper we examine such precipitation of energetic electrons using the data obtained from low-altitude polar orbiting satellite observations. We analyze the precipitating electron flux data for many periods selected from a total of 84 storm events identified for 2001-2012. The analysis includes the dependence of precipitation on the Kp index and the electron energy, for which we use three energies E1 > 30 keV, E2 > 100 keV, E3 > 300 keV. We find that the precipitation is best correlated with Kp after a time delay of < 3 hours. Most importantly, the correlation with Kp is notably tighter for lower energy than for higher energy in the sense that the lower energy precipitation flux increases more rapidly with Kp than does the higher energy precipitation flux. Based on this we suggest that the Kp index reflects excitation of a wave that is responsible for scattering of preferably lower energy electrons. The role of waves of other types should become increasingly important for higher energy, for which we suggest to rely on other indicators than Kp if one can identify such an indicator.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 1993

This paper aims to know the characteristics of occurrence of the anomaly level and variability of the monthly precipitation in Kyeongnam, Korea. For this study, it was investigated 주e distribution of the annual and cont비y mean precipitation, the precipitation variability and its annual change, and the characteristics of occurrence of the anomaly level in Kyeongnam area the results were summarized as follows : 1) she mean of annual total precipitation averaged over Kyeongnam area is 1433.3mm. I'he spatial distribution of the annual total precipitation shows that in Kyeongnam area, the high rainfall area locates in the southwest area and south coast and the low rainfall area in an inland area. 2) Monthly mean precipitation in llyeongnam area was the highest in July(266.4mm) 각lowed by August(238.0mm), June(210.2mm) in descending order. In summer season, rainfall was concentrated and accounted for 49.9 percent of the annual total precipitation. Because convergence of the warm and humid southwest current which was influenced by Changma and typhoon took place well in this area. 3) The patterns of annual change of precipitaion variability can be divided into two types; One is a coast type and the other an inland type. The variability of precipitation generally appears low in spring and summer season and high in autumn and winter season. This is in accord with the large and small of precipitation. 4) The high frequency of anomaly level was N( Normal)-level and the next was LN( Low Informal) -level and 25(Extremely Subnormal)-level was not appeared in all stations. The occurrence frequency of N level was high in high rainfall area and distinguish성 in spring and summer season but the low rainfall area was not. hey Words : anomaly level, variability, precipitation, coast type, inland type.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2017

Crop simulation models are valuable tools for estimating crop yield, environmental factors and management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil types on barley productivity using CERES (Crop Environment REsource Synthesis)-barley, cropping system model. So the behavior of the model under various soil types and climatic conditions was evaluated. The results of the sensitivity analysis in temperature, $CO_2$, and precipitation showed that soil types had a direct impact on the simulated yield of CERES-barley model. We found that barley yield in clay soils would be more sensitive to precipitation and $CO_2$ in comparison with temperature. And the model showed limited accuracy in simulating water and nitrogen stress index for soil types. In general, the barley grown on clay soils were less sensitive to water stress than those grown on sandy soils. Especially it was found that the CERES model underestimated the effect of water stress in high precipitation which led to overprediction of crop yield in clay soils. In order to solve these problems and successfully forecast grain yield, further studies on the modification of the water stress response of crops should be considered prior to use of the CERES-barley model for yield forecasting.