• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2012

This study evaluated the change in anti-allergy activity of ${\beta}-glucan$ by electron beam irradiation. ${\beta}-Glucan$ was irradiated at dose of 50 kGy and then orally pre-treated with electron beam irradiated and non irradiated ${\beta}-Glucan$ for 7 days. After pre-treatment, allergy was induced by injection of ovalbumin (OVA). Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgE levels in the allergic mice was significantly increased but the mice pre-treated 50 kGy electron beam irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ was significantly decreased the levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE, respectively. Moreover, cytokine production (interleukin-4) was also decreased in the 50 kGy electron beam irradiated ${\beta}-Glucan$ pre-treated mice. These results indicate that pre-treatment of 50 kGy electron beam irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ may elevate the anti-allergy activity. Therefore, electron beam-irradiated ${\beta}-glucan$ could be used for nutraceutical foods in food industry.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

The effects of water soaking and gamma irradiation on the storage quality of chestnuts (Castanea crenata) were investigated. Chestnuts weirs soaked in water for 48 hrs at room temperature, irradiated at 0, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 kGy of $\^$60/Co gamma ray, and then stored at 0$\^{C}$ and 95$\pm$2% RH for 9 months. Spouting was observed at the end of storage only in chestnuts that were soaked and irradiated at below 0.25 kGy. Rotting was found from the early stage of storage in all pre-treatment conditions, but the rotting rate of soaked chestnuts was higher twice than unsoaked ones after 9 months of storage. Weight loss was lower in soaked than unseated samples regardless of irradiation dose. Loss of flesh firmness was appreciably retarded as irradiation dose increased. Total sugar content decreased slowly in irradiated samples at the later periods of storage. Gamma irradiation resulted in the decrease of vitamin C content immediately after treatment, but retarded its loss rate during storage. Soluble tannin content was not affected by gamma irradiation at scout inhibition doses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2009

Previous studies suggest that even low-dose irradiation can lead to progressive cognitive decline and memory deficits, which implicates, in part, hippocampal dysfunction in both humans and experimental animals. In this study, whether red ginseng (RG) could attenuate memory impairment was investigated through a passive-avoidance and object recognition memory test, as well as the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis, using the TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical detection with markers of neurogenesis (Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)) in adult mice treated with a relatively low-dose exposure to gamma radiation (0.5 or 2.0 Gy). RG was administered intraperitonially at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 36 and 12 h pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation, or orally at a dosage of 250 mg! kg of body weight/day for seven days before autopsy. In the passive-avoidance and object recognition memory test, the mice that were trained for one day after acute irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory deficits compared with the sham controls. The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus (DG) was increased 12 h after irradiation. In addition, the number of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells was significantly decreased. RG treatment prior to irradiation attenuated the memory defect and blocked apoptotic death as well as a decrease in the Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells. RG may attenuate memory defect in a relatively low-dose exposure to radiation in adult mice, possibly by inhibiting the detrimental effect of irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 1994

To objectively compare the response of the palliative radiotherapy in bone metastatic patients which decreases pain and prevents pathologic fractures, we introduced and applied the RTOG pain and narcotic measure system. From Oct in 1991 to July in 1993, thirty-two patients with painful bone metastases, 17 of them were solitary lesions and others were multiple lesions, were treated with mainly 6 MV photon otherwise 15 MV photon. Radiation doses to bone metastatic sites ranged about from 2000 to 4600cGy. Responses of radiation therapy were compared with days of pre-RT, RT finish, 3, 6, 9 months after the start of RT and solitary versus multiple lesions and follow up scores according to the RTOG measure system. Survival analysis was done. Pain and narcotic score of the entire patients were 7.3, 7.8 at the pre-RT period and 2.6, 3.9 at the immediate or 2 weeks after RT, which was $64{\%},\;50{\%}$ decrement compared with the pre-RT score, Pain scores of 3, 6 and 9 months after the beginning of irradiation were 3.6, 3.7 and 3.3. The best response found in the breast and prostate primaries was $84\%,\;78\%$ decrement of pain score as compared with pre-RT score(statistically insignificant). Median survival was 5.5 months and mean survival was 5 months. We conclude that the RTOG pain and narcotic measure system is relatively effective scale in the comparison of before and after palliative irradiation to the painful bone metastatic sites but more detailed parameters will be required in the narcotic scoring system. More aggressive but less or similiar toxic radiotherapy is needed in the patients having relatively long life expected time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1325-1332
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• 2016

Radioprotective effects of ginger essential oil (GEO) on mortality, body weight alteration, hematological parameters, antioxidant status and chromosomal damage were studied in irradiated mice. Regression analysis of survival data in mice exposed to radiation yielded LD50/30 as 7.12 and 10.14 Gy for control (irradiation alone) and experimental (GEO-treated irradiated) mice, respectively, with a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.42. In mice exposed to whole-body gamma-irradiation (6 Gy), GEO pre-treatment at 100 and 500 mg/kg b.wt (orally) significantly ameliorated decreased hematological and immunological parameters. Radiation induced reduction in intestinal tissue antioxidant enzyme levels such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione was also reversed following administration of GEO. Tissue architecture of small intestine which was damaged following irradiation was improved upon administration of GEO. Anticlastogenic effects of GEO were studied by micronuclei assay, chromosomal aberration and alkaline gel electrophoresis assay. GEO significantly decreased the formation of micronuclei, increased the P/N ratio, inhibited the formation of chromosomal aberrations and protected agaisnt cellular DNA damage in bone marrow cells as revealed by comet assay. These results are supportive of use of GEO as a potential radioprotective compound.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 1995

To investigate the mechanism generated by irradiation in the insulator layer irradiated MIS (Metal - Insulator - Semiconductor) device, the various types of MIS capacitors depending on insulator thickness, insulator types and implanted impurities are fabricated on the P-type wafer. MIS capacitors exposed by 1Mrad Co$^{60}$ .gamma.-ray are measured for flat band voltage and charge density shifts pre- and post-irradiation. The measuring results of post-irradiation show the flat band voltage shifting toward negative direction and charge density increasing regardless of parameters. This results have a good agreement with calculated data by computer simulation. Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ layers have a good radiation-hardness than SiO$_{2}$ layers compared to the results of post-irradiation. Also, radiation-induced negative trap is discovered in the implanted insulator layer. Using numerical analysis, four continuty equations (conduction-band electrons continuity equation, valence-band holes continuity equation, trapped electrons continuity equation, trapped holes continuity equation) are solved and charge distributions according to the distance and Si-Insulator interface states are investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.188.1-188.1
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• 2015

For present investigation Fe/MgO/Fe/Co multilayer stack is grown on Si substrate using e-beam evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum. This stack is irradiated perpendicularly by 120 MeV $Ag^{8+}$ at different fluences ranging from $1{\times}10^{11}$ to $1{\times}10^{13}ions/cm^2$ in high vacuum using 15UD Pelletron Accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi. Magnetic measurements carried out on pre and post irradiated stacks show significant changes in the shape of perpendicular hysteresis which is relevant with previous observation of re-orientation of magnetic moment along the direction of ion trajectory. However increase in plane squareness may be due to the modification of interface structure of stacks. X-ray reflectivity measurements show onset of interface roughness and interface mixing. X-ray diffraction measurements carried out using synchrotron radiation shows amorphous nature of MgO and Co layer in the stack. Peak corresponding body centered Fe [JCPDS-06-0696] is observed in X-ray diffraction pattern of pre and post irradiated stacks. Peak broadening shows granular nature of Fe layer. Estimated crystallite size is $22{\pm}1nm$ for pre-irradiated stack. Crystallite size first increases with irradiation then decreases. Structural quality of these stacks was further studied using transmission electron microscopic measurements. Thickness from these measurements are 54, 36, 23, 58 and 3 nm respectively for MgO, Fe, MgO, Fe+Co and Au layers in the stack. These measurements envisage poor crystallinity of different layers. Interfaces are not clear which indicate mixing at interface. With increase fluence mixing and diffusion was increased in the stack. X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements carried out on these stacks show changes of Fe valence state after irradiation along with change of O(2p)-metal (3d) hybridized state. Valence state change predicts oxide formation at interface which causes enhanced in-plane magnetization.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The current South Korean government policy on food irradiation technology should be reformed based on an in-depth investigation of the communications aspect, because the issue is no longer of a technological nature, given the proven safety and efficacy of the processes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The target population of the education program consisted of elementary, middle, and high school students attending 310 schools in South Korea (2013: 63 schools, 2014: 104 schools, 2015: 143 schools). Data subjected to analysis were 13,327 pre-education and 12,641 post-education questionnaires received from 7,582 elementary, 2,671 middle, and 3,249 high school students who participated in the education program from May 2012 to April 2015 (n = 12,831), after the exclusion of inadequately filled-in questionnaires. RESULTS: Analysis of the three-year educational effect trend was conducted by comparing levels of variables before and after food radiation education. The analysis yielded the finding that the post-education levels were significantly higher for all variables. That is, for interest in education, perception (necessity, safety, subjective knowledge, and information acquisition), objective knowledge, and attitude, with the sole exception of objective knowledge in 2013. CONCLUSIONS: Given that post-education levels of perception, knowledge, and attitude concerning irradiated foods increased considerably compared to pre-education levels, behavior change should be induced by providing continuous education to enhance, these primary variables.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2020

Wheat is the most abundant crop in the world, accounting for one third of the world's population diet. In Ukraine, wheat is in fact, in addition to its nutritional value, a national symbol of the state. Therefore, the main thesis on the development of modern plant growing in Ukraine is the reduction of costs and the introduction of innovative technologies. The quality of grain and seed depends on many factors, namely: agro-climatic conditions, sowing condition of the seed material, quality characteristics of the soil, yielding properties of seeds, pre-sowing seed treatment. etc. For this purpose, the photosynthesis and intensity of photosynthesis need to be limited to the width of the leaf and the height of the leaves by a smaller cut of the stem. It is extremely important to ensure that the head and side pagons of wheat are in good condition. All parameters are often secured by the technology of grain preparation before delivery. Prior to this technology, it is possible to introduce processing of the material in the form for the development of the material. This article presents the effectiveness of the use of infrared irradiation for the pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds in Sekobra Research, Germany.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2010

Changes in volatile organic compounds were investigated during storage after electron beam irradiation. Grapes were irradiated at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 kGy and stored for 1 month at $4^{\circ}C$. Butanol, hexanal, [E]-2-hexenal, hexanol, and 3-methyl-butanol were the major volatile organic compounds of grapes. The types of volatiles in irradiated grapes were similar to those of non-irradiated samples but concentration differed among treatments. Some volatile compounds decreased during storage, whereas others, especially the esters, increased. Concentration of most volatile compounds were higher in pre-stored grapes than in post-stored fruit (thus, during the 30 days after irradiation by e-beam). Consequently, concentration of volatile organic compounds either increased or decreased after e-beam irradiation but these changes did not correlate with irradiation dose.