• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Recently, an advanced form of blended learning, which incorporates a teaching method that focuses on flipped learning is actively used in colleges. Flipped learning is for learners to pre-learn content through videos uploaded by instructors before class, and then participate in learner-centered learning activities such as discussions and team activities in the classroom. The purpose of this paper is to review where flipped learning is being used in medical schools, and to draw implications for effective and efficient use in medical schools. For this, the definition of flipped learning, how it evolved, educational usefulness of this method of learning, and application cases in medical schools were reviewed. Through the reviews of cases of flipped learning and its positive effects, it is suggested that medical schools consider more use of flipped learning in the classroom instructions, with sensitivity to the individual medical departments' needs, environment and professors' preferences.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.583-605
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• 2012

This paper presents a spatial catenary cable element for the nonlinear analysis of cable-supported structures. An incremental-iterative solution based on the Newton-Raphson method is adopted for solving the equilibrium equation. As a result, the element stiffness matrix and nodal forces are determined, wherein the effect of self-weight and pretension are taken into account. In the case of the initial cable tension is given, an algorithm for form-finding of cable-supported structures is proposed to determine precisely the unstressed length of the cables. Several classical numerical examples are solved and compared with the other available numerical methods or experiment tests showing the accuracy and efficiency of the present elements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.939-942
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• 2008

Photoelectrochemical deposition of CdZnSe thin films on the Se-modified Au electrode using electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM) and voltammetry is described. Corrosion of pre-deposited Se electrodes by illumination at a fixed potential resulted in $Se^{2-}$ species, which was manifest from the EQCM frequency changes. $Se^{2-}$ species generated from the photocorrosion reacted with $Cd^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ ions in the electrolyte to form CdZnSe films on the Au electrode. The effect of electrolyte composition on the composition and band gap of CdZnSe films was studied in detail. Also, photoelectrochemistry, EDX, Raman spectroscopy were used for the characterization of CdZnSe thin films.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1990

A sensitive method for the determination of total selenium in aerosol particles is described. The method involves dissolution of aerosol particles by $HNO_3-HClO_4$ mixed acids, pre-reduction of Se (VI) to Se (IV) by boiling hydrochloric acid, and hydride generation followed by atomic absorption detection. Dissolved Se (IV) in 4M hydrochloric acid is reacted with $NaBH_4$ to form $H_2Se$, which is subsequently collected in an U-tube cooled in liquid nitrogen. Upon the completion of $H_2Se$ generation, the collected $H_2Se$ is rapidly vaporized into a quartz cuvette burner by removing the U-tube from liquid nitrogen, atomized, and then detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The absolute sensitivity of the method is 0.49 ng/0.0044 Abs. The accuracy of the method evaluated by analyzing standard reference materials for urban aerosol is better than 10%. Analytical results for urban and rural aerosol particles are reported.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.543-551
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• 1999

Diesel engine is a major source of the air pollution. In general the concentrations of these pollu-tants in diesel engine exhaust differ from values calculated assuming chemical equibrium. Thus the detailed chemical mechanisms by which these pollutions form and the kinetic of these process-es are important in determining emission levels. In this study the computer program has been developed to calculate the required thermodynam-ic properties of combustion products(10 spacies) for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium in cylin-der for diesel engines. Nitric oxide emissions are calculated by using the extended Zeldovich Kinet-ic mechanism with a steady state assumption for the N concentration and equilibrium values used for H, O, $O_2$ and OH concentrations. By the results it is confirmed that developed simulations program with the NO prediction model is validated against residual mass fraction combustion index of Wiebe's functions pre-mixed com-bustion ration fuel injection timing.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.263-269
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• 1998

It is an established fact that most of the carcinogens implicate bay-region diol epoxides as the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites. These electrophiles react with nucleophilic sites in the cells to form abducts. It is the formation of carcinogenic-DNA adducts that is thought to initiate carcinogenesis. In our previous study we have reported chemopreventive property of Ginseng on 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin papillomagenesis in male Swiss albino mice. In this study we have examined the effect on formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in rat hepatocytes pretreated with ginseng. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were used. The cells wets treated with ginseng for 24 hrs and then with DMBA (iOn) for 18 hrs. Cells were then harvested, their DNA was isolated and analyzed by P)2 labelling. A significant reduction in the levels of DMBA-DNA adduces (adducts/108 nucleotides) was observed in all cultures pretreated with ginseng. The viability of cells was not affected by pre-treatment with ginseng. Our finding suggests that ginseng block or suppresses the events associated with chemical carcinogenesis by inhibiting metabolic activation of the carcinogens.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine if a gentle form of manual lumbar traction could reduce painful lumbar motions associated with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). This clinical trial incorporated 134 participants with painful active lumbar motion. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental treatment or sham group. 67 participants received sidelying manual lumbar traction while the other 67 participants received a sham treatment. Pre and post treatment NPRS values for the painful active lumbar motion were recorded for each group. There was a statistically significant improvement (P=0.00) for decreased pain intensity during active lumbar motion in the experimental group as compared to the sham treatment group. The average percent decrease in numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) values was 52.1% for the experimental treatment group and 8.1% for the sham group. The results of the study suggest that side-lying manual lumbar traction can improve painful lumbar motion in patients with LDD.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

The common form of pre-emphasis filter is $H(z)\;=\;1\;- az^{-1}$, where a typically lies between 0.9 and 1.0 in voiced signal. Also, this value reflects the degree of filter and equals R(1)/R(0) in Auto-correlation method. This paper proposes a new flattening algorithm to compensate the weaked high frequency components that occur by vocal cord characteristic. We used interval information of LSP to estimate formant frequency. After obtaining the value of slope and inverse slope using linear interpolation among formant frequency, flattening process is followed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm flattened the weaked high frequency components effectively. That is, we could improve the flattened characteristics by using interval information of LSP as flattening factor at the process that compensates weaked high frequency components.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Computer-based analysis tools for forensic assessment of reinforced concrete structures are presented. The analysis tools, mostly in the form of nonlinear finite element procedures, are based on the concepts and formulations of the Modified Compression Field Theory. Relevant details regarding their formulation are provided. Development of realistic constitutive models and corroboration of the analysis procedures, through comprehensive experimental programs, are discussed. Also presented are graphics-based pre- and post-processors, which are of significant aid in structural modeling, input of data, and interpretation of analysis results. The details and results of a case study, illustrating the application and value of such analytical tools, are also discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2012

Precast-cast insitu concrete bridge construction is widely practiced for small to medium span structures. These bridges consist of precast pre-stressed concrete beams of various cross-sections with a cast in-situ reinforced concrete slab. The connection between the beams and the slab is via shear links often included during the manufacturing process of the beams. This form of construction is attractive as it provides for standardisation, reduced formwork and construction time. The assessment of the integrity of shear connectors in existing bridges is a major challenge. A procedure for assessment of shear connectors based on vibration testing and finite element model updating is proposed. The technique is applied successfully to a scaled model bridge model and an existing bridge structure.