• 제목/요약/키워드: Pre-cooling system

검색결과 84건 처리시간 0.023초

극저온 펌프 성능시험설비의 개발 (Development of Cryogenic Pump Test Facility)

  • 강정식;김진선;김진한
    • 한국유체기계학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제7권4호
    • /
    • pp.47-52
    • /
    • 2004
  • Cryogenic pump test facility (CPTF) is designed and developed in KARI. Hydraulic and cavitation performance of pump and inducer in cryogenic environment can be measured. Working fluid is liquid nitrogen and operating temperature is $-197^{\circ}C$. Run tank, catch tank of liquid nitrogen and their pressurizing tank has been built and remote tank pressure control system are installed. Maximum power of driving motor is 320 kW and its maximum speed is 32000rpm. Cryogenic fluids and lubricating systems are effectively separated that long test times are acquired. Therefore hydraulic and cavitation performance can be measured accurately and effectively. Pre-cooling test of the facility was successfully accomplished. This facility will contribute greatly to the development of turbopump for KSLV.

주조용 TiAl 합금의 조직 미세화를 위한 반복열처리 공정 조건에 관한 연구 (The Effects of Cyclic Heat Treatment Process for Fine Microstructure of TiAl Cast Alloy)

  • 공만식;양현석
    • 열처리공학회지
    • /
    • 제32권5호
    • /
    • pp.195-200
    • /
    • 2019
  • For expanding the applications and workability of TiAl alloy, elongation is very important property. Fine microstructure is needed for elongation and physical properties of TiAl alloys. In this study, The effects of cyclic heat treatment process for fine microstructure of Ti-46Al-Nb-W-Cr-Si-C alloy, which was made by VAR (vacuum arc remelting) and VIM(vacuum induction melting) centrifugal casting process, was investigated. Cycle heat treatment process was very effective for recrystallization of this TiAl system, which has microstructure size of $50{\sim}100{\mu}m$ through pre-heat treatment, cyclic heat treatment in ${\alpha}+{\gamma}$ phase region and solution heat treatment respectively. Refined grain size was finally confirmed by photos of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.

소형 GM 냉동기를 이용한 수소 액화에 관한 시뮬레이션 연구 (A Simulation Study on the Hydrogen Liquefaction through Compact GM Refrigerator)

  • 정하늘;한단비;양원균;백영순
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제33권5호
    • /
    • pp.534-540
    • /
    • 2022
  • Liquid hydrogen has the best storage capacity per unit mass and is economical among storage methods for using hydrogen as fuel. As the demand for hydrogen increases, the need to develop a storage and supply system of liquid hydrogen is emphasizing. In order to liquefy hydrogen, it is necessary to pre-cool it to a maximum inversion temperature of -253℃. The Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerator is the most reliable and commercialized refrigerator among small-capacity cryogenic refrigerators, which can extract high-efficiency hydrogen through liquefied hydrogen production and boil of gas re-liquefaction. Therefore, in this study, the optimal conditions for liquefying gas hydrogen were sought using the GM cryocooler. The process was simulated by PRO/II under various cooling capacities of the GM refrigerator. In addition, the flow rate of hydrogen was calculated by comparing with specific refrigerator capacity depending on the pressure and flow rate of a refrigerant medium, helium. Simulations were performed to investigate the optimal values of the liquefaction flow rate and compression pressure, which aim for the peak refrigeration effect. Based on this, a liquefaction system can be selected in consideration of the cycle configuration and the performance of the refrigerator.

Optimization of Multiple Quality Characteristics for Polyether Ether Ketone Injection Molding Process

  • Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey;Su Te-Li
    • Fibers and Polymers
    • /
    • 제7권4호
    • /
    • pp.404-413
    • /
    • 2006
  • This study examines multiple quality optimization of the injection molding for Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK). It also looks into the dimensional deviation and strength of screws that are reduced and improved for the molding quality, respectively. This study applies the Taguchi method to cut down on the number of experiments and combines grey relational analysis to determine the optimal processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics. The quality characteristics of this experiment are the screws' outer diameter, tensile strength and twisting strength. First, one should determine the processing parameters that may affect the injection molding with the $L_{18}(2^1{\times}3^7)$ orthogonal, including mold temperature, pre-plasticity amount, injection pressure, injection speed, screw speed, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time. Then, the grey relational analysis, whose response table and response graph indicate the optimum processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics, is applied to resolve this drawback. The Taguchi method only takes a single quality characteristic into consideration. Finally, a processing parameter prediction system is established by using the back-propagation neural network. The percentage errors all fall within 2%, between the predicted values and the target values. This reveals that the prediction system established in this study produces excellent results.

액체로켓엔진용 연소기 산화제 개폐밸브 성능 특성 (Performance Characteristics of a Main Oxidizer Shutoff Valve for Liquid Rocket Engines)

  • 정대성;홍문근;한상엽
    • 한국추진공학회지
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.28-35
    • /
    • 2017
  • 액체 추진 로켓 엔진에서 연소실로 향하는 산화제 공급은 연소기 산화제 개폐밸브에 의해서 제어된다. 산화제의 안정적인 공급을 위하여 밸브가 열려있을 때의 유량조건을 만족해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 산화제 공급라인의 예냉을 위해 밸브가 닫혀있을 때에도 요구되는 유량조건을 만족해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 연소기 산화제 개폐밸브의 재순환 유량특성을 확인하기 위한 시험을 수행하였고, 밸브 내부에 작용하는 힘평형 관계식을 이용하여 극저온 수명시험 이후 스프링 상수가 변화하는 경향을 확인하였다.

산물퇴적 청과물의 송풍저항 특성 (Resistance to Air Flow through Fruits and Vegetables in Bulk)

  • 윤홍선;조영길;박판규;박경규
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
    • /
    • 제20권4호
    • /
    • pp.333-342
    • /
    • 1995
  • The resistance to air flow through fruits and vegetables in bulk was an important consideration in the design of the pressure cooling system. The amount of resistance to air flow through produce in bulk normally depended upon air flow rate, stacking depth, porosity, stacking patterns and shape and site of product. But, there was not enough information relating the effects of those factors on air flow resistance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of stacking depth, stacking patterns, porosity and airflow rate on airflow resistance and to develop a statistical model to predict static pressure drop across the produce bed as a function of air flow rate, stacking depth, bed porosity, and product size. Mandarins and tomatoes were used in the experiment. The airflow rate were in the range of 0.1~1.0 ㎥/s.$m^2$, the porosity were in the range of 0.25~0.45, the depth were in the range of 0.3~0.9m and the equivalent diameters were 5.3cm and 6.3cm for mandarins, and 6.5cm and 8.5cm for tomatoes. Three methods of stacking arrangement were used i.e. cubic, square staggered, and staggered stacking arrangement. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The pressure drops across produce bed increased in proportion to stacking depth and superficial air velocity and decreased in proportion to porosity. 2. The increasing rates of pressure drop according to stacking patterns with the increase of superficial air velocity were different one another. The staggered stacking arrangement produced the highest increasing rate and the cubic stacking arrangement produced the lowest increasing rate. But it could be assumed that the stacking patterns had not influenced greatly on pressure drops if it was of equal porosity. 3. The statistical models to predict the pressure drop across produce bed as a function of superficial air velocity, stacking depth, porosity, and product diameter were developed from these experiments.

  • PDF

병원급식에서 Ready-Prepared Foodservice System 이용에 관한 연구 (A study for the utilization of ready-prepared foodservice system concept to the Korean hospital foodservice operations)

  • 김지영;김혜영
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
    • /
    • 제2권2호
    • /
    • pp.21-31
    • /
    • 1986
  • Here is a research on hospital foodservice system, when korea traditional food of pyeon yuk and bin dae deok were used by ready-prepared foodservice system, it was estimated the preservations of microbiological quality and sensory quality. All data collection was replicated three times. The results were as following; 1. In time and temperature data, two menu items were needed internal temperature below $7^{\circ}C$ in a cooling stage, and in the case of cook/chill storage, the days were shortened within weeks, and the holding time must be possiblely minimized. Finally foods were served sanitary. 2. In view of microbiological safety, in the case of cook/chill storage as $0{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ the days must be shortened within 2 weeks and its was possible to store until 6 weeks in $-20{\sim}-23.3^{\circ}C$. So to preserve pre-cooked food longly, it was effective to freeze them quickly by using vacuum package and to reheat them by a microwave oven before serving and to serve lastly in microbiological quality. 3. Hospital ready-prepared foodservice system with food storage in plastic bags, biochemical test of C. Perfingens C. botulinum and Salmonella were not detected. 4. By using of a microwave oven, it had effects of thawing, reheating and sterilizing of chilled and frozen foods in a short time. 5. Sensory evaluations were made by a 10-member panel using five scoring tests. Because sensory of quality was lowered in the case of chilled storage, it was possible to serve foods within 2 weeks. Texture and aroma were preserved by cook/frozen system and usually there was no significance from 4 weeks until 6 weeks, but considering of the objects, it was good to store until 4 weeks in sensory quality.

  • PDF

충남 예산-공주-청양지역의 초염기성암의 사문암화 작용 (Serpentinization of the Ultramafic Rock in the Yesan-Gongju-Cheongyang Area, Korea)

  • 김건영;김수진
    • 한국광물학회지
    • /
    • 제10권2호
    • /
    • pp.126-138
    • /
    • 1997
  • Serpentinite of the Yesan-Gongju-Cheongyang area has been formed by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. The ultramafic rock might be composed mainly of oilvine with minor pyroxene and amphibole. Olivine has a considerably restricted chemical compositional ranging from Fo90 to Fo93. Fresh serpentinite containing large amount of oilvine is usually massive in occurrence and dark green to black in color. Serpentine minerals occur not only as major mineral of serpentinite, but also as remnants in the talc ore which was formed from serpentinite. XRD study indicates that antigorie is the most abundant serpentine mineral of the serpentinite. Serpentinite consisting of antigorite usually shows non-pseudomorphic texture, whereas that consisting of lizardite shows pseudomorphic texture. Antigorite is found along the margins or fractures of olivine grains resulting in the formation of network of magnetite which was formed at the time of serpentinization. Lizardite, subordinate constituent mineral of serpentinite, frequently shows pseudomorphic mesh-texture after olivine. The chemical differences between antigorite and lizardite/chrysotile are small, so both minerals are not easily discernible with the electron microprobe. Antigorite occuers as elongate blades, flakes, or plates forming interpenetrating texture to obliterate previous textures. SEM study also shows that most serpentine minerals occur in platy or tabular form rather than in asbestiform. Fractures formed after main serpentinization are observed within the pseudomorphic central olivine grain. Careful observation of the serpentine pseudomorphs gives a great deal of data on the pre-serpentinization nature of the serpentine pseudomorphs gives a great deal of data on the pre-serpentinization nature of the ultramafic rocks. It is inferred that the serpentinization took place after the emplacement of ultramafic body into the relatively wet environment ceased and the cooling intrusive body crossed into the stability field of serpentine. It is inferred that the final pervasive serpentinization took place over a long time, by hydrothermal water supplied through the fracture system produced during emplacement of ultramafic rock.

  • PDF

봄배추의 저장조건 및 기간을 달리하여 제조한 김치의 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of Spring Kimchi Cabbage by Storage Conditions and Period)

  • 조순덕;방혜열;김은향;유소현;김병삼;김건희
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
    • /
    • 제32권3호
    • /
    • pp.227-234
    • /
    • 2017
  • This study attempted to establish the optimal conditions for storage of spring kimchi cabbage to stably control supply and demand. To this end, this study stored kimchi cabbages in various manners for different periods and compared the quality characteristics of kimchi using these cabbages. According to the results, pre-drying with photocatalytic and pre-cooling treatments showed average selectivity loss rates of 18.83 and 21.37%, respectively, which were lower than those of other treatments. Spring kimchi cabbages were stored for 15 weeks under various conditions, and the kimchi was stored for 4 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. After ripening, each kimchi was analyzed for their soluble solid content, pH, acidity, and salinity. The average pH of kimchi was 4.60 and tended to rise, whereas average acidity was 0.38% and fell by 0.24 to 0.31% as the storage period was extended. Extension of the storage period caused decreases in soluble solid content and salinity, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased due to increased pH and reduced acidity (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that all experts and non-professionals preferred kimchi treated by precooling compared to any other treatment.

지중 열교환 시스템을 위한 열-수리 파이프 요소의 개발 (Development of Thermal-Hydro Pipe Element for Ground Heat Exchange System)

  • 신호성;이승래
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제29권8호
    • /
    • pp.65-73
    • /
    • 2013
  • 지중 열교환 시스템은 지속적인 에너지 효율의 개선으로 공간 냉난방을 위한 친환경적 에너지 기술로 주목받고 있다. 지중에 매설된 파이프는 내부 유체 순환을 통하여 인접한 지반과 열적 상호작용으로부터 직접적인 열에너지 교환을 수행한다. 하지만, 파이프의 수치모델링에서 열-수리가 연관된 난류해석과 파이프의 긴 세장비에 의한 메쉬사이즈의 부적합성은 열교환 시스템의 적절한 수치해석을 어렵게 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 파이프 내부 유체흐름에 대한 에너지 보존의 법칙을 적용하여 지배방정식을 유도하였으며, Galerkin수식화와 시간적분을 통하여 열-수리 연동일차원 파이프 요소를 개발하였다. 그리고 제안된 파이프 요소를 기 개발된 다공질 재료를 위한 열-수리-역학(Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical) 해석을 위한 유한요소 프로그램과 결합하였다. 개발된 요소를 이용한 수치해석 결과는 열응답 시험(Thermal Response Test) 결과로부터 주위지반의 유효 열전도도를 평가하기 위하여 사용하는 선형 열원 모델이 인접 파이프간의 열적상호작용과 파이프의 단부효과에 의하여 지반의 열전도도를 과다 평가하는 것으로 보여주었다. 따라서 열응답 시험 해석 결과에 대한 역해석을 적용하여 최적의 수렴성을 보여주는 변환행렬을 제시하였다.