• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2006

This study examined the ability of human subjects to match a force in their quadriceps muscle during fatigue. Twenty subjects (mean age: 23.4 yrs, mean height: 167.8 cm, mean weight, 62.6 kg) were enrolled in the experiment. In the force-matching task, the quadriceps muscle generated 50% of the MVIC (maximum voluntary isometric contraction) torque under visual control and then without visual feedback. After inducing fatigue in the quadriceps muscle, the subjects were required to match 50% of the MVIC torque without visual feedback. The perceived magnitude of the force and force-matching errors were measured. 50% of the MVIC torque was perceived from 39.96 Nm in the pre-fatigue condition to 44.95 Nm in the post-fatigue condition. 50% of the MVIC torque-matching errors increased significantly from .55% in the pre-fatigue condition to 9.6% in the post-fatigue condition (p<.001). in addition, there were significantly more force-matching errors in women than in men (p<.01). In conclusion muscle fatigue can interfere with a subject's ability to match a force. This suggests that muscle fatigue may contributes to the sensitization of the proprioception.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1419-1427
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 영상의 윤곽선을 검출하여 배경 블록과 윤곽선 블록으로 분류하고 윤곽선 맵을 작성하여, 윤곽선 블록에 대해서는 다시 DCT의 AC 계수를 사용하여 16개로 세분화한 후, 다중 면 사이드 매치 유한상태 벡터양자화를 수행하는 알고리듬을 제안한다. 윤곽선 맵의 정보에 따라 각각 주 부호책으로부터 상태 부호책을 작성하며, 현재 블록의 B면 또는 3면에 대해 사이드 매치 계산을 수행한다. 전송 비트 수를 줄이기 위해 먼저 부호화되는 블록들 중 배경 블록에 한하여 주 부호책으로 부호화 할 것인지를 결정한다. 또한 복호화기로 전송하는 부호단어 인덱스의 할당 비트를 줄이기 위해서 가변 길이 부호화를 수행한다. Zelda, Lenna, Bridge, Peppers 영상에 대하여 본 알고리듬으로 영상을 부호화했을 때 SMVQ와 TSMVQ 알고리듬보다 더 좋은 영상의 화질을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the differences in pre-hospital and in-hospital triage (pre-hospital triage and KTAS(Korean Triage and Acuity Scale)) of patients with abdominal pain and the characteristics of high hospitalization probability in the treatment results. Methods: We analyzed 941 people who visited the area C emergency center for 2 years from January 2017 to December 2018. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Results: Among the transfer hospitals, 84.8% (798) of patients were selected by the 119 rescue service, and the most common diagnosis was simple abdominal pain (46.5%, 438 patients). A total of 50.7% (477) of patients classified as severe pre-hospital cases changed to mild in-hospital cases. There was a difference of 5.3% (50 cases) in cases where patients classified as mild pre-hospital were changed to severe in-hospital cases. The Kappa coefficient did not match with 0.04 (p=.051). Pre-hospital overtriage was 58.2% (548 cases), and 71.2% (670) of patients were discharged from the emergency room as a result of the treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pre-hospital and in-hospital triage were not consistent. The rates of pre-hospital overtriage were quite high. Most patients with abdominal pain were classified as mild cases, and pre-hospital triage classifiers should be trained to reduce errors in selecting transfer hospitals.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회 (제121회) 초록집
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• pp.304-308
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• 2004

Maxillary anterior crown fractures are a common form of injury that mainly affects children and adolescents. The position of maxillary incisors and their eruptive pattern carries a significant risk for trauma. In the pre-adhesive era, fractured teeth needed to be restored either with pin-retained inlays or cast restorations that sacrificed healthy tooth structure and were a challenge for dentists to match with adjacent teeth. But. recently the development of adhesive dentistry has allowed dentists to use the patient's own fragment to restore the fractured tooth. The purpose of this paper is to present 2 cases of reattachment of fractured teeth which had different fracture mode, and to evaluate prognosis of cases.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.323-338
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• 2024

본 연구는 한국 프로배구 리그를 체계적으로 분석하고 대표적인 머신러닝 분류 방법을 활용하여 경기 결과를 예측하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2012/2013 시즌부터 2022/2023 시즌까지의 남자 프로배구와 여자 프로배구 리그 경기 데이터를 수집하였으며, 이 데이터는 경기 세부 내용을 상세하게 포함하고 있다. 데이터는 각 경기를 두 팀으로 분리한 경우와 홈팀을 기준으로 상대팀과의 성과 차이로 데이터를 가공한 경우로 두 가지 다른 데이터 구조를 모델에 적용했다. 이를 통해 남자 프로배구와 여자 프로배구 각각에 대해 총 4개의 예측 모형을 구축했다. 경기 종료 전에는 모형에서 사용하는 세부 변수 값들을 알 수 없기 때문에, 오늘 경기 직전까지의 3~4 경기의 결과를 전처리하여 이를 변수로 사용했다. 본 연구에서는 Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Bagging, Random Forest, Xgboost, Adaboost, Light GBM 같은 다양한 머신러닝 기법을 분류에 활용하여, Random Forest를 사용한 모델이 가장 우수한 예측 성능을 보였다. 최종 선택한 모형에 대해 변수 중요도 그림과 부분 의존도 그림을 확인한 결과 성별과 데이터 구조에 따라 중요한 변수들이 다른 것으로 나타났지만, 공통적으로 세트 성공 수, 블로킹 득점, 범실 개수가 가장 중요한 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 본 승패 예측 모델은 사후적 예측이 아닌 경기 종료 전 사전 예측이 가능한 모형이라는 점에서 차별성을 가지며, 우리의 분석이 한국 프로배구 팀들에게 전략적 추론이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2009

The Cu-bearing PFS-700 steel which has yield strength over 700 MPa was developed to replace the existing submarine structural material, HY-100. The PFS-700 steel has a combination of good mechanical properties and superior weldability. Becaus of that, it can be welded without pre-heating. The application of PFS-700 steel to submarine or battle ship will give a great reduction of cost by omitting pre-heating or lowering pre-heat temperature. To develop pre-heating free welding consumables that match and take advantage of PFS-700 steel, new welding consumables have been designed for the GMAW, SAW processes and explosion bulge test(EBT) was conducted to see the reliability of welded structure. All welds were made without pre-heating, and the inter-pass temperature was below $50^{\circ}C$ for SAW50 and $150^{\circ}C$ for GMAW and SAW150. All EBT specimens show over 14% thickness reduction without through-thickness crack or crack propagation to the hole-down area. Tensile properties for all welding conditions show higher(GMAW) or similar values(SAW50, SAW150) to the base metal. Charpy impact values for the weld metal also show 163.5J(GMAW), 95.4J(SAW50) and 69.0J(SAW150), which meet the goal(higher than 50J) of this project.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2017

In this study, the reliability and validity of the retrospective pre-post test were analyzed in order to solve the problem of traditional pre-post test including response shift bias. Samples of the study were 162 elementary school students who are studying at the S university gifted education center in Seoul. Before completion of the field trip, we conducted pre test of science-related attitudes. After completion of the field trip, respondents were asked to compare their responses of pre and post science-related attitudes to quantitatively analyze the commonalities and differences of the two tests. To find out more characteristics, qualitative data such as daily records and interview were also gathered and analyzed. The major results of the study are as follows. First, for the paired t-test, there was no statistically significant difference between separate pre-test scores and retrospective pre-test. There was a very high correlation between the separate pre-test scores and the retrospective pre-test. Second, there were significant differences in all seven sub-factors of science-related attitudes between the retrospective pre-test and the post-test. Third, the separate pre-test scores showed a slightly higher tendency than the retrospective pre-test scores. This suggests that the response shift bias appears when it is performed the separate pre-test in affective domain. As a result of the interview, it was found that the evaluation standards of separate pre-test did not match with those of post-test. Forth, internal consistency reliability of the retrospective pre-test was higher than that of the separate pre-test. However, there were significant differences in six factors of science-related attitudes excluding the 'social implications of science' between the separate pre-test and the post-test. Based on these results, the retrospective pre-post test design provides simplicity and convenience to both respondents and investigators, as it is done with one test. The retrospective pre-post test design can be regarded as a valid design for the self-report measurement of affective domain on a single experimental group.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.732-741
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of non-nutritive sucking on physiological and behavioral state of pre-term infants during tube feeding. Method: This nonequivalent, non-synchronized experimental study included 50 pre-term infants. An attempt was made to match gestational age and birth weight of infants in each group. Infants in the experimental group were given a pacifier 2 minutes before, during, and for 2 minutes after tube feeding. Infants in the control group did not get a pacifier. Both groups were tested at three stages for changes in the physiologic state and behavioral state - 2 minutes before, during, and 2 minutes after feeding. Date was analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 using an $X^2$-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Result: Heart rates and oxygen saturation levels of the two groups were significantly different(P=.001, P=.000). The behavioral states of the two groups were significantly different during and post feeding(P=.000, P=.000). Conclusion: This result suggests non-nutritive sucking by using a pacifier is an effective intervention for pre-term infants during tube feeding.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2009

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, semi-distributed model, first divides the watershed into multiple subwatersheds, and then extracts the basic computation element, called the Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU). In the process of HRU generation, the spatial information of land use and soil maps within each subwatershed is lost. The SWAT model estimates the HRU topographic data based on the average slope of each subwatershed, and then use this topographic datum for all HRUs within the subwatershed. To improve the SWAT capabilities for various watershed scenarios, the Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was developed in this study to simulate site-specific topographic data. The SD-HRU was applied to the Hae-an watershed, where field slope lengths and slopes are measured for all agricultural fields. The analysis revealed that the SD-HRU pre-processor module needs to be applied in SWAT sediment simulation for accurate analysis of soil erosion and sediment behaviors. If the SD-HRU pre-processor module is not applied in SWAT runs, the other SWAT factors may be over or under estimated, resulting in errors in physical and empirical computation modules although the SWAT estimated flow and sediment values match the measured data reasonably well.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.325-338
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• 2021

이 연구는 한 교사 양성대학에서 40명의 예비교사를 대상으로 TPACK 발달을 위한 15주 교육프로그램을 개발하고, 예비교사의 TPACK의 실천적 역량을 평가하기 위한 TPACK 발달 평가틀을 개발하였다. 개발된 TPACK(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) 발달 평가틀은 TPK(Technological Pedagogical Knowledge), TCK(Technological Content Knowledge), TPACK이 각각 0단계부터 4단계까지 5단계로 구성되었다. 이를 토대로 예비교사의 TPK, TCK, TPACK 수준을 평가한 결과, 대부분의 예비교사의 TPK, TCK, TPACK 수준은 일치하였으나, 일부 예비교사의 경우 TPK와 TCK가 일치하지 않았다. 이때 TPACK 수준은 TPK와 TCK 가운데 낮은 수준을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 TPACK 수준이 낮은 예비교사가 갖고 있는 TPACK 발달 저해요인을 조사한 결과, 학생의 자율적 학습 능력에 대한 불신, 학생의 상호작용 역량에 대한 불신, 학교 현장의 현실적 제약에 대한 인식 등이 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 실천적인 TPACK 발달을 위해서는 예비교사에게 균형잡힌 TPK와 TCK의 발달을 돕고, 예비교사가 갖고 있는 TPACK 발달 저해요인을 제거하는 교육 프로그램을 제공할 필요가 있다고 주장하였다.