• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.914-921
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• 2006

To describe the effect of the numerous and various oriented microcracks on the compressive and tensile concrete behaviors, the directional nonlocality is defined. The plasticity model using multiple failure criteria is developed for RC planar members in tension-compression. The crack damages are defined in the pre-determined reference orientations, and then the total crack damage is calculated by integrating multi-oriented crack damages. To describe the effect of directional nonlocality on the anisotropic tensile damage, based on the existing test results, the nonlocal damage factor is defined in each reference orientation. The reduced compressive strength in the cracked concrete is defined by the multi-oriented crack damages defined as excluding the tensile normal plastic strain from the compressive equivalent plastic strain. The proposed model is implemented to finite element analysis, and it is verified by comparisons with various existing panel test results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.151-168
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• 2004

A two-dimensional nonlinear finite element model is developed to simulate time-dependent cracking of reinforced concrete members under service loads. To predict localized cracking, the crack band model is employed to model individual crack opening. In conjunction with the crack band model, a bond-interface element is used to model the slip between concrete and reinforcing steel permitting large slip displacements between the concrete element nodes and the steel truss element nodes at crack openings. The time-dependent effects of concrete creep and shrinkage are incorporated into the smeared crack model as inelastic pre-strains in an iterative solution procedure. Two test examples are shown to verify the finite element model with good agreement between the model and the observed test results.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2004

Rubber-modified epoxy resins have been employed as adhesive and matrix materials for glass and corbon-fiber composites. The behavior of fracture around a crack tip for rubber-modified epoxy resin is investigated through the acoustic emission (AE) analysis of compact tension specimens. Damage zone and rubber particles distributed around a crack tip were observed by a polarized optical microscope and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The damage zone in front of pre-crack tip in rubber-modified specimen $(15wt\%\; rubber)$ began to form at about $13\%$ level of the fracture load and grew in size until $57\%$ load level. After that, the crack propagated in a stick-slip manner. Based on time-frequency analysis of AE signals and microscopic observation of damage zone, it was thought that AE signals with frequency bands of 0.15-0.20 MHz and 0.20­0.30 MHz were generated from cavitation in the damage zone and crack propagation, respectively.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.237-240
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• 2021

Failure of a suspension clamp made of hot dip galvanized cast iron in 154kV transmission tower was investigated. Metallurgical analysis of a crack of the clamp was performed using a digital microscope, an optical microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. It was revealed that the crack surface was covered by continuous zinc layer. Distinctive casting skin was found underneath both the outer surface and crack surface. The result showed that pre-existing crack had been formed in the fabrication, and liquid metal embrittlement during hot dip galvanization may assist crack propagation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.675-687
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• 2018

In the previous studies on the porous rock strength the effect of pore number and its diameter is not explicitly defined. In this paper crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in Brazilian model disc containing a single cylindrical hole and or multiple holes have been studied numerically using PFC3D. In model with internal hole, the ratio of hole diameter to model diameter was varied between 0.03, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, and 0.42. In model with multiple hole number of holes was different in various model, i.e., one hole, two holes, three holes, four holes, five holes, six holes, seven holes, eight holes and nine holes. Diameter of these holes was 5 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm. The pre-holed Brazilian discs are numerically tested under Brazilian test. The breakage load in the ring type disc specimens containing an internal hole with varying diameters is measured. The mechanism of cracks propagation in the wall of the ring type specimens is also studied. In the case of multi-hole Brazilian disc, the cracks propagation and b cracks coalescence are also investigated. The results shows that breaking of the pre-holed disc specimens is due to the propagation of radially induced tensile cracks initiated from the surface of the central hole and propagating toward the direction of diametrical loading. In the case of disc specimens with multiple holes, the cracks propagation and cracks coalescence may occur simultaneously in the breaking process of model under diametrical compressive loading. Finally the results shows that the failure stress and crack initiation stress decreases by increasing the hole diameter. Also, the failure stress decreases by increasing the number of hole which mobilized in failure. The results of these simulations were comprised with other experimental and numerical test results. It has been shown that the numerical and experimental results are in good agreement with each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.1009-1010
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• 2012

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.2 s.233
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• pp.284-292
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• 2005

Material flaws in the from of pre-existing defects can severely affect the crack initiation. Stress distribution and crack initiation life of engineering materials such as monolithic aluminum alloy and Al/Glass fiber laminate may be different according to the defect location. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of relative location of defects around the circular hole in monolithic aluminum and Al/Glass fiber laminates under cyclic bending moment. Stress distribution and crack initiation behavior near a circular hole are considered. Results of Finite Element (FE) model indicated the features of different stress field due to the relative defects positions. Especially, the defects positions at ${\theta}=0^{\circ}\;and\;{\theta}=30^{\circ}$ was strongly effective in stress concentration factor ($K_t$) and crack initiation behavior.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1047-1059
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the cracking and fragmentation process in rock materials containing a pair of non-parallel flaws, which are through the specimen thickness, under vertical compression. Several numerical experiments are conducted with varying flaw arrangements that affect the initiation and tensile wing cracks, shear crack growth, and crack coalescing behaviors. To obtain realistic numerical results, a parallelized peridynamics formulation coupled with a finite element method, which is able to capture arbitrarily occurring cracks, is employed. From previous studies, crack initiation and propagation of tensile wing cracks, horsetail cracks, and anti-wing cracks are well understood along with the coalescence between two parallel flaws. In this study, the coalescence behaviors, their fragmentation sequences, and the role of an x-shaped shear band in rock material containing two non-parallel flaws are discussed in detail on the basis of simulation results strongly correlated with previous experimental results. Firstly, crack initiation and propagation of tensile wing cracks and shear cracks between non-parallel flaws are investigated in time-history and then sequential coalescing behavior is analyzed. Secondly, under the effect of varying inclination angles of two non-parallel flaws and overlapping ratios between a pair of non-parallel flaws, the cracking patterns including crack coalescence, fragmentation, and x-shaped shear band are investigated. These numerical results, which are in good agreement with reported physical test results, are expected to provide insightful information of the fracture mechanism of rock with non-parallel flaws.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

A typical wear pattern was reported to resemble the fatigue crack growth behavior considering its mechanism, especially for amorphous rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). In this study, the wear and crack growth rates were correlated using two separate experiments for carbon black and silica-reinforced selected rubber compounds. The wear rate was determined using a blade-type abrasion tester, where the frictional energy input during wearing was measured. The crack propagation rate was determined under different tearing energy inputs using a home-made fatigue tester, with a pure-shear test specimen containing pre-cracks. The rates of abrasion and crack propagation were plotted on a log-log scale as a function of frictional and tearing energies, respectively. Reasonable agreement was observed, indicating that the major mechanism of the abrasion pattern involved repeated crack propagation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Fatigue behavior of before-and-after penetration was examined experimentally using surface pre-cracked specimens of aluminium alloy 5083-0. The fatigue crack shape before penetration is almost semicircular, and the measured aspect ratio is larger than the value obtained by calculation using K values proposed by Newman-Raju. It is found that the crack growth behavior on the back side after penetration is unique and can be divided into three stages. By using a crack propagation rule in case of long surface crack, the change in crack shape after penetration can be evaluated quantitatively.