• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.155-180
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• 2020

It takes the most important role the problem of assigining vehicles and desigining optimal routes for each vehicle in order to enhance the logistics service level. While solving the problem, various cost factors such as number of vehicles, the capacity of vehicles, total travelling distance, should be considered at the same time. Although most of logistics service providers introduced the Transportation Management System (TMS), the system has the limitation which can not consider the practical constraints. In order to make the solution of TMS applicable, it is required experts revised the solution of TMS based on their own experience and intuition. In this research, different from previous research which have focused on minimizing the total cost, it has been proposed the methodology which can enhance the efficiency and fairness of asset utilization, simultaneously. First of all, it has been adopted the Cluster-First Route-Second (CFRS) approach. Based on the location of customers, we have grouped customers as clusters by using four different clustering algorithm such as K-Means, K-Medoids, DBSCAN, Model-based clustering and a procedural approach, Fisher & Jaikumar algorithm. After getting the result of clustering, it has been developed the optiamal vehicle routes within clusters. Based on the result of numerical experiments, it can be said that the propsed approach based on CFRS may guarantee the better performance in terms of total travelling time and distance. At the same time, the variance of travelling distance and number of visiting customers among vehicles, it can be concluded that the proposed approach can guarantee the better performance of assigning tasks in terms of fairness.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

Process mining in big data environment utilize a number of data were generated from the business process. It generates lots of knowledge and insights regarding implementation and improvement of the process through the event log of the company's enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. In recent years, various research activities engaged with the audit work of company organizations are trying actively by using the maximum strength of the mining process. However, domestic studies on applicable sales auditing system for the process mining are insufficient under big data environment. Therefore, we propose process-mining methods that can be optimally applied to online and traditional auditing system. In advance, we propose continuous monitoring information system that can early detect and prevent the risk under the big data environment by monitoring risk factors in the organizations of enterprise. The scope of the research of this paper is to design a pre-verification system for risk factor via practical examples in sales auditing. Furthermore, realizations of preventive audit, continuous monitoring for high risk, reduction of fraud, and timely action for violation of rules are enhanced by proposed sales auditing system. According to the simulation results, avoidance of financial risks, reduction of audit period, and improvement of audit quality are represented.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

This study analyzes universities in Japan, which haves many similarities with those in Korea in certain aspects of the educational system and a common problem of reduced university admission resources, Korea's national university facility standards, policy related to nation-level university facility, and practical campus case. Through this, the study aims to examine the difference in the national approach and basic philosophy about university facilities in Korea and Japan, and also identify the major planning factors and improvement directions when establishing plans for university campuses in the future. The results of this study are as follows. First, Korea tends to promote policies related to university facilities by individual projects centered on a major pending problem or issue, while Japan has been shown to promote national university facility policies under a comprehensive mid-to-long-term plan by establishing a maintenance plan aimed at national university facilities every five years. Second, In the case of the university facility areas, the average university facility area of the examined universities in Japan is about 5.6% larger than the average university facility area in Korea. Additionally, the university facility area per student in Japan is about 13% wider than that of Korea. The total floor area of university facilities in Japan is also about 20.7% larger than that of Korea, and the university facility area per student in Japan is about 56.7% wider than that of Korea as well. Among support facilities, the total floor area of dormitories in Korea was 2.5 times wider than that of Japan, however, the acceptance rate of dormitory in Korea was 5.6% higher than Japan. Third, the university facility criteria items and systems of two countries are similar. but there are slight differences in the content such as the method of calculating student capacity, division classification, and the method of calculating the number of teachers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.489-498
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• 2021

The previous researches on the succession plan have the limitation that it has focused on policies or systems at the government level to facilitate succession, or is limited to family companies. In this study, we would like to analyze the effect of the actual utilization of the succession system for small and medium-sized enterprises rather than the succession by direct families or the government's policies. We would also like to identify other situational factors that may affect this relationship to better understand the succession plan and its relationship with organizational performance. To this end, the analysis of 172 small and medium-sized enterprises in the Human Capital Enterprise Panel showed that the more practical the succession plan of small and medium-sized enterprises is used, the more positive the organizational performance is. These results suggest that small and medium-sized enterprisess succession plan can have a positive impact on organizational performance, such as implicit transfer and formation of positive impressions of companies. Furthermore, cooperative industrial relations strengthened the degree of utilization of succession plans and the positive relationship with organizational performance. Such results showed that the more cooperative the labor-management relations are, the more the successor can secure legitimacy in the process of succession planning based on trust between labor and management.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-92
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• 2013

In May 2010, Indonesia and Norway signed a Letter of Intent on "Cooperation on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD)." In the LoI, Norway agreed to offer Indonesia a sum of USD 1 billion with a view to encourage Indonesia to significantly contribute to the successful implementation of REDD+. On 20 May 2011, correspondingly, Indonesia announced the 2011 'Forest Moratorium' (the Presidential Instruction No. 10/2011) which was valid for the following consecutive two years. By means of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia aimed at significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, forest degradation and peatland conversion. In so doing, it also sought to improve forest governance. Meanwhile, concerned stakeholders also raised various questions about the effectiveness of the 'Forest Moratorium'. As an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia announced the 2013 'Forest Moratorium'(the Presidential Instruction No. 6/2013) for another two-year period on 13 May 2013. Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' is concerned with stakeholders at various levels, who may play a role of significant 'agent' in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium'. This mechanism of the 'Forest Moratorium' should be understood in the light of forest governance. Employing stakeholder approach, therefore, this article attempts to analyze Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' in the light of forest governance. In this regard, it analyzes the detailed contents of the 'Forest Moratorium', the process of making the 'Forest Moratorium', current development of the Indicative Moratorium Map for suspension of new concessions on forest land, and contesting views of various stakeholders. At the same time, it also talks about how 'weak' forest governance had influence upon Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium'. In so doing, this article consequently attempts to evaluate Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' and also put it into perspective in terms of improving forest governance. The 2013 'Forest Moratorium' fundamentally represents a radical policy that is designed to suspend new concessions on forest conversion for another two-year period and its detailed contents attempt to reflect on various stakeholders from related industries and environmental NGOs. However, there are challenging factors in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium', that is, 'weak' forest governance and also a discrepancy between forest planning maps designated by central and regional governments. The announcement of the 2013 'Forest Moratorium', as an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', may functionally strengthen and improve Indonesia's forest governance. However, at the same time, there is a practical limit due to the fact that it is merely a Presidential Instruction that lacks legal binding.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.804-813
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was on the learning satisfaction of dental hygiene students according to the face-to-face and non-face-to-face teaching methods in the COVID-19 educational environment. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 122 dental hygiene students of G University located in Gwangju from October to November, 2020. The general characteristics, instructional characteristics, teaching methods, and learning satisfaction were investigated, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The effective practical teaching method chosen by the students was face-to-face, and there was a significant difference according to the class choice. The learning satisfaction according to the general characteristics showed a significant difference in the preferred practice method for improving instrument technique. The face-to-face classes showed significantly higher learning satisfaction in terms of checking on doing well study during class and the convenience. In addition, as a result of analyzing the factors influencing learning satisfaction, the choice of face-to-face class was confirmed as a significant variable. Therefore, in order to increase the learning satisfaction of students, it is necessary to design a class that essentially includes face-to-face class when planning a practice class.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.97-115
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• 2013

This paper was motivated by two gaps in the extant literature on brand portfolio planning. First, research has shown that, as the number of products connected to a brand increases, the extended product receives more favorable evaluations. However, this result was obtained by comparing two brands with different number of products while controlling the brands' breadths. Hence one may question if the above result would hold when the brand is narrow as well as broad. Second, the literature has investigated the effect of brand breadth on the perceived fit and evaluations of an extended product within a relatively limited range ("narrow vs. broad") and not considered the case of a "very broad" brand. To address these gaps, we propose two hypotheses: 1) the effects of the number of products associated with a brand on the perceived fit and evaluations of a moderately far brand extension are moderated by the brand's breadth (H1); and 2) the relationship between a brand's breadth and a moderately far extension's perceived fit and evaluations looks like an inverse-U shape (H2). Study 1 was conducted to test H1. Study 1 employed a 2 × 2 within-subjects design in which the first factor was the number of products (small (2) or large (5)), and the second factor was brand breadth (narrow or broad). We measured brand breadth as the perceived similarity among products associated with a brand. Participants provided the perceived fit and evaluations of an extended product. Study 2 was conducted to test H2 as well as to replicate Study 1 in a more general setting and with different products. It employed a 2 × 3 within-subjects design, in which the first factor was the number of products (small (2) or large (5)), and the second factor was brand breadth (narrow, broad, or very broad). The results from two experiments support both hypotheses. This paper contributes to the literature on brand extensions in two ways. First, it broadens our understanding of the effects of product number and brand breadth on extended product evaluations by considering the two factors jointly. Second, we believe this study to be the first to present evidence that brand breadth can exert an inverted U-shape effect on the perceived fit and evaluations of an extended product. The results also offer implications for marketers. First, marketers should heed the finding that adding similar products to a narrow brand does not help the brand's extension launch. Second, the finding that the relationship between brand breadth and extended product evaluations might not be linear provides practical implications. While a narrow brand should not keep launching close extensions, nor should a broad brand continue producing far extensions to broaden its breadth. A firm with a broad corporate or family brand might want to consider introducing a new brand instead of adding dissimilar products under the brand umbrella.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.375-394
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• 2024

The extensive utilization of concrete has given rise to environmental concerns, specifically concerning the depletion of river sand. To address this issue, waste deposits can provide manufactured-sand (MS) as a substitute for river sand. The objective of this study is to explore the application of machine learning techniques to facilitate the production of manufactured-sand concrete (MSC) containing stone nano-powder through estimating the splitting tensile strength (STS) containing compressive strength of cement (CSC), tensile strength of cement (TSC), curing age (CA), maximum size of the crushed stone (Dmax), stone nano-powder content (SNC), fineness modulus of sand (FMS), water to cement ratio (W/C), sand ratio (SR), and slump (S). To achieve this goal, a total of 310 data points, encompassing nine influential factors affecting the mechanical properties of MSC, are collected through laboratory tests. Subsequently, the gathered dataset is divided into two subsets, one for training and the other for testing; comprising 90% (280 samples) and 10% (30 samples) of the total data, respectively. By employing the generated dataset, novel models were developed for evaluating the STS of MSC in relation to the nine input features. The analysis results revealed significant correlations between the CSC and the curing age CA with STS. Moreover, when delving into sensitivity analysis using an empirical model, it becomes apparent that parameters such as the FMS and the W/C exert minimal influence on the STS. We employed various loss functions to gauge the effectiveness and precision of our methodologies. Impressively, the outcomes of our devised models exhibited commendable accuracy and reliability, with all models displaying an R-squared value surpassing 0.75 and loss function values approaching insignificance. To further refine the estimation of STS for engineering endeavors, we also developed a user-friendly graphical interface for our machine learning models. These proposed models present a practical alternative to laborious, expensive, and complex laboratory techniques, thereby simplifying the production of mortar specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.305-322
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• 2022

In this study, a practice-based teacher education program was developed and applied to improve the TPACK of pre-service chemistry teachers. Also the program effect and obstacles were confirmed by measuring the development of TPACK. The participants of this study were 20 pre-service chemistry teachers of 3rd grade and 2 pre-service chemistry teachers of 4th grade who took chemistry education courses at K University located in Chungcheongbuk Province. The developed teacher education program consisted of four stages: preparation, rehearsal, practice, and reflection. The feedbacks from researchers and colleagues pre-service teachers were provided in preparation, rehearsal, and reflection stages. As a result of the study, the program of this study did not show an educational effect in the "constructive learning activities" of preservice teachers, but it was found to have an educational effect in "problem solving". In other words, in "constructive learning activity", most pre-service teachers were at 0 level before and after the program. The pre-service teachers designed the class to unilaterally provide technology to simply use it as a tool to explain subject content or revise misconceptions, and learners can passively acquire knowledge. However, in the case of "problem solving", the pre-service teachers who were at level 0 before the educational program changed to level 1. Before the program, the pre-service teachers designed classes to solve problems by memory without using technology, but after the program they planned classes that provides opportunities to approach and solve various problems through the technology presented by the teacher. However, there were not many pre-service teachers corresponding to level 2, which constitutes voluntary learning in which learners use technology to solve various problems while selecting and variously manipulating technology. In addition, as obstacles to the TPACK development of pre-service chemistry teachers, there were external factors such as lack of classroom support environment for TPACK implementation, lack of time for education planning, and inadequate technology competency. And there were internal factors such as perspectives of traditional education and negative attitude toward technology. In particular, the proportion of pre-service teachers who preceived inappropriate technical competency as an external obstacles of TPACK development was high. Therefore, it was necessary to develop an education program corresponding to type 2 or type 3 that enables TPACK development through TK for pre-service teachers.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.153-173
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the middle school students' allowance managing behaviors and consumer education by the educational subject in order to explore a desirable direction of consumer education for allowance management. Questionnaire survey was conducted with 468 middle school students in Gyeongnam. The major findings are as follows: First, as for recognition of consumer education, the consumer education from home was the highest, and then the from school and mass media followed in that order. Second, the average score of the students' allowance managing behavior was low. The fulfillment ability was relatively high compared to planning and evaluative ability. Third, as for overall allowance managing behaviors, the more promoted a students' level of consumer education from school and mass media, the more cultivated his/her allowance managing behaviors. As for allowance managing behaviors in accordance with sub-factors, students' planning and fulfillment abilities were more cultivated, the more promoted his/her level of consumer education from school and mass media. Students' evaluative ability was more cultivated, the more promoted his/her level of consumer education from school and mass media. Fourth, there were differences in educational contents the students wanted in accordance with the educational subjects of consumer education. The consumer education can be more practical when it is connected with home, school, and mass media, development of an educational program with such connection is necessary.