• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 2017

The competence of teachers, comes out through their lesson, is one of the key factors of school education. The purpose of this study is comparing the viewpoints on the science lessons in the elementary classrooms between pre-service teachers and highly experienced teachers in order to draw implications on pre-service teacher educating system. The participants of the study are 14 junior students in a university of education and 9 elementary school teachers who are highly educated and have much career experience. Each student participant observed one video clip with science lesson of their classmate. The total number of the video subject to observation is 4. Meanwhile experienced teachers observed 1 or 2 videos which are the same to those the students watched. The participants made a class criticism according to the General Standards for Class Critique made by KICE. The in-depth analysis of the criticism yielded the following conclusions; First, pre-service teachers had narrow views on the science class mainly limited in the practical part of class, but experienced teachers had wide views covered to class-knowledge, plan, and practice. Second, most experienced teachers thought that learning is the process by which students acquire knowledge or concepts by themselves, and the main purpose of the class is to help students' learning. Meanwhile, there were many pre-service teachers who thought that conveying knowledge or concepts to students was the main purpose of the class. Third, experienced teachers thought that a good science class should maintain consistency around the learning goals from the planning, implementation, and evaluation. However, many pre-service teachers did not take the learning objectives so seriously.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the cases of storage space outside housing unit and propose the activation plan. The issue of storage in residential complex has continued to be reported. This is more salient due to the recent preference trend for small houses, the constant increase of living goods and the limitation of the available space inside housing unit. Although more apartment houses are trying to have individual storage in the exterior space to address these issues, there is still a paucity of the related studies and more studies are required. In this study, we conducted on-site investigation and user interview of each case to propose active usage of the storage space outside housing unit. Result of this study shows that the most crucial factor to improve is 'accessibility' in order to activate the storage space. Storage room should be located close to each household or the individual parking space. The second factor is the size and the structure of the storage room. The sufficient space for keeping and taking large objects out are required. The front of the storage room should have a clogged structure to insure privacy. The third is the provision of suitable support programs such as the system that occupants can check remotely what items are in their storage rooms, garage sale, laundry service, auto cleaning system and rental program. Those programs are required for efficient management and activation of space. Another requirement is to improve environmental factors which include maintenance of optimal temperature and humidity, automatic ventilation system, control of individual lights, and security enhancement. Based on the results of the survey, we provide basic data which can be used for practical space planning to activate exterior storage space of the housing unit. Further surveys are required to develop this study by obtaining more data for generalization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.651-657
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• 2010

Even though local governments are committed to the landscape management aiming to enhance the quality of the urban and natural landscape, the results are not satisfactory since the landscape plan is performed through the "routine" process, on which the planning system is based. Many local governments had spent much in making their landscape plans, but these plans were evaluated not so much "useful" in the practical sense. The objective of the study, which aims to systematically readjust the existing landscape management system of Korea, is to analyse the landscape plans of the few local governments, which are categorized in two level - upper and low local government. The analysis of landscape plan is performed in terms of four factors: The composed structure, the objects of the plan, the effectiveness of the landscapeindicators and guidelines and the institutional system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2675-2679
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• 2012

Introduction: Annually a considerable number of people die because of breast cancer, a common disease among women also in Iran. Identifying risk factors and susceptible people can lead to prevention or at least early diagnosis. Among susceptibility risks, 5-10% of patients have a family history predisposing factor which can influence the risk of incidence among the family. Having a registry program can be a more practical way to screen high risk families for preventive planning. Method: Based on inclusion criteria, a questionnaire was prepared and after a pilot study on a small number of patients, actual data were collected on 400 patients and processed in SPSS 16.0. Results: Totally, 28.2%of the patients were younger than 40 years old and 36.8% had the included criteria for familial breast cancer (FBC). 102 patient's samples could be compared for receptor presentation. Similar to other studies, the number of triple negative breast cancers increased as the age decreased. Conclusion: The high percentage of patients with FBC among 400 cases in this study demonstrates that in order to design an infrastructural diagnostic protocol and screening of patients with FBC, a precise survey related to frequency and founder mutations of FBC is needed nationwide.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2004

Hypertension is prevalent among older adults, and nutrition is important for hypertension management. However, there are few nutrition education materials developed for older adults. The purpose of this study was to develop a booklet for prevention and management of hypertension for older adults. Based on lesson plans, topics for the booklet included introduction to hypertension, hypertension prevention through weight management, nutritional management of hypertension, and lifestyle modifications. After several revisions of the draft were made, illustrations and icons appropriate to the text were designed by a graphic designer using Illustrator 9.0 and Photoshop 6.0. The booklet consisted of four chapters and 40 pages. The first chapter dealt with information on hypertension, risk factors, complications and dietary guidelines. These were mainly explained by illustrations and characters of older adults. The second chapter included assessment of obesity, reducing fat intake and behavioral change strategies. The third chapter focused on practical tips for reducing salt, eating more fiber and calcium, and sample menus. The fourth chapter presented information for quitting smoking and drinking, and stress management. Finally, games, meal planning and quizes, were presented as reinforcement. Based on pilot testing with 10 adults aged 50 and older, minor changes were made in wording, expressions and information. This booklet is characterized by using simple and specific messages, providing tips for dietary and lifestyle changes, and using illustrations and characters of older adults to increase understanding. The revised booklet is self-explanatory and can be used by older adults or in nutrition education for older adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2016

Faced with the recent global economic recession, academics looked to the industrial B2B and B2C markets as potential new growth engines. In the B2B market, focusing on the relationship with customers, the relationship benefits are important, and institutional factors will affect the relationship and relationship values with customers. In this study, the relationship values between South Korea and Taiwan are compared by considering their national characteristics. By applying a mixed research method based on sequential exploratory design, 6 relationship values (supplier knowhow, service support, time to market, delivery performance, personal interaction, and product quality) are extracted. In particular, South Korea and Taiwan give priority to supplier knowhow and service support, respectively. Our research findings have both theoretical and practical implications for other emerging countries, as well as developed countries.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2014

In this research, we developed video analytic algorithms to detect water-level automatically and a system for proactive alarming using intelligent CCTV cameras. We applied these algorithms and a system to test-beds and verified for practical use. We made camera-selection policies and operation plans to keep the detection accuracy high and to optimize the suitability for the ever-changing weather condition, while the environmental factors such as camera shaking and weather condition can affect to detection accuracy. The estimation result of algorithms showed 90% detection accuracy for all CCTV camera types. For water level detection, NIR camera performed great. NIR camera performed over 95% accuracy in day or night, suitable in natural weather condition such as shaking condition, fog, and low light, needs similar installment skills with common cameras, and spends only 15% high cost. As a result, we practically tested water level detection algorithms and operation system based on intelligent CCTV camera. Furthermore, we expect the positive evidences when it is applied for public use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.5-16
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• 2001

This paper presents results from analysis of architectural plan drawings of 355 elementary schools recently designed for 4 years. Theses plans are analyzed by factors such as local distribution, number of classes, type of plan, total construction area, area per a class, area per a student, and area status of each space. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental resources for architectural designing and planning of elementary schools through finding trend and status of elementary school buildings that have no detailed data of area index. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As a result from analyzing number of classes in the surveyed schools, schools having 36 classes are dominant and schools having 72 classes are also shown. Average number of classes is 34.1. This result reflect s that elementary schools have been planned as large-scale schools. 2. In terms of type of plan, we found out that instead of disappearing traditional single corridor type building, the open school building that have multi-purpose spaces are mainly designed. In addition to that, there are few schools with large class rooms. 3. In the status of area of each school, they have much larger areas than areas provided by building guidelines. Secondly, there are some schools with two times area difference even though they have same class number. Therefore, it needs to adjust the school building guidelines to practical needs in the consideration of elementary school building for compulsory education. Though the plans of recently designed school for 4 year s are more differentiated than past, there are few schools planned by appropriate plan design and area distribution scheme. As a consequence, some improvements like improvement of building guidelines are desperate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

In order to achieve success in ground operations, searching for moving targets is one of critical factors. Usually, the system of searching for adversary ground moving targets has complex properties which includes target's moving characteristics, camouflage level, terrain, weather, available search time window, distance between target and searcher, moving speed, target's tactics, etc. The purpose of this paper is to present a practical quantitative method for effectively searching for infiltrated moving targets considering aforementioned complex properties. Based upon search theories, this paper consists of two parts. One is infiltration route analysis, through terrain and mobility analysis. The other is building dynamic probability maps through Monte Carlo simulation to determine the prioritized searching area for moving targets. This study primarily considers ground moving targets' moving pattern. These move by foot and because terrain has a great effect on the target's movement, they generally travel along a constrained path. With the ideas based on the terrain's effect, this study deliberately performed terrain and mobility analysis and built a constrained path. In addition, dynamic probability maps taking terrain condition and a target's moving speed into consideration is proposed. This analysis is considerably distinct from other existing studies using supposed transition probability for searching moving targets. A case study is performed to validate the effectiveness and usefulness of our methodology. Also, this study suggests that the proposed approach can be used for searching for infiltrated ground moving target within critical time window. The proposed method could be used not only to assist a searcher's mission planning, but also to support the tactical commander's timely decision making ability and ensure the operations' success.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.501-511
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• 2019

Messages to help people far away, such as International relief campaign, are heavily influenced by situational factors. In this light, the study examined whether the message characteristics (gain/loss framing) and the individual characteristics (previous attitude to helping activity) interact to affect the message attitude and behavioral intention. The study was conducted by an experiment involving 220 subjects. The analysis resulted in the significant interactions between gain/loss framing and pre-attitude by the same direction for message attitudes and behavioral intention. It was shown that gain framing worked more effectively for the relatively more friendly group towards helping activities than for the less friendly one. The same direction was shown in the loss framing, but its difference was smaller. The process of the interactions appeared as mediated by anticipated satisfaction. The practical and theoretical implications were discussed for proper planning of messages to help others.