• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.153-167
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 편백 피톤치드에 의해 사멸되지 않는 구강상주균을 분리하고, 이 분리된 세균이 구강 병인균에 대하여 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 관찰함으로써 편백 피톤치드에 구강 내 세균에 대한 지속적인 이차적 효과를 구명한 실험적 연구이다. 이에 정상인 타액 내의 구강상주균에 1%의 편백 피톤치드를 첨가하여 사멸되지 않고 생존한 200개의 잔존 세균을 뷴리하고 이들이 치주질환과 구취의 중요한 원인균인 Pr. intermedia에 대한 억제효과를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 선택된 200개의 잔존 세균 중, 148개(74.0%)가 Pr. intermedia를 억제하였다. 2. 선택한 200개의 잔존 세균은 Streptococcus salivarius가 109개(54.5%)로 가장 많이 나타났고, Streptococcus sanguinis가 25개(12.5%), Streptococcus mitis가 15개(7.5%)로 나타났다. 3. Pr. intermedia를 억제하는 148개의 잔존 세균 중, Streptococcus salivarius가 85.3%(93/109), Streptococcus sanguinis가 64.0%.(16/25), Streptococcus mitis가 54.3%(8/15), Streptococcus parasanguinis가 66.7%(6/9), Streptococcus alactolyticus가 100%(8/8)로 나타났다. 따라서 타액 내에서 편백 피톤치드에 저항하는 구강 상주균은 Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis 등으로 나타났으며, 이는 치주질환을 일으키고 구취를 발생시키는 대표적 균주인 Pr. intermedia 에 대하여 세균 억제효과를 가지고 있었다. 따라서 피톤치드는 구강 내 유해균을 억제할 수 있고, 잔존하는 구강 상주균과 함께 구강 내 유해균을 억제함으로써 지속적이고 이차적인 효과를 나타냄으로써 치주질환과 구취발생을 예방할 수 있어, 구강 환경 개선을 위한 임상적 근거가 마련될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2009

천연 식물 추출물을 구강 질환에 활용하는 방안을 모색하기 위하여, 본 연구는 인진쑥에서 추출한 쑥추출액을 치의학분야에 활용하고자 S. gordonii Challis, S. gordoii G9B, S. mutans GS5, S. sobriuns 6715, E. faecalis ATCC 4083, A. actinomycetem Y4, P. gingivalis A7A1-28, P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611, F. nucleatum KTCT 2488, C. albicans ATCC 18804에 대한 항균효과를 미생물학적으로 실험하여, 생균수 검사를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 인진쑥추출액에 의한 최소억제농도(minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC)와 최소살균농도(minimum bactericidal concentration; MBC)가 모두 쑥추출액 농도 2.0%이하에서 관찰된 세균은 치주질환 원인균인 P. gingivalis A7A1-28와 P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611로 나타났다. 2. P. gingivalis A7A1-28의 MIC는 쑥추출액 농도 1.2%, MBC는 2.0%로 관찰되었다. 3. P. gingivalis W83의 MIC는 쑥추출액 농도 1.4%, MBC는 2.0%로 관찰되었다. 4. Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611의 MIC는 쑥추출액 농도 1.2%, MBC는 2.0%로 관찰되었다. 천연 자연물질인 인진쑥이 구강질환을 일으키는 대표적인 균주에 대한 효과를 연구한 본 실험의 결과, 인진쑥은 구강 세균, 특히 P. gingivalis A7A1-28와 P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611에 대한 항균효과가 있음이 증명되었다. 따라서 이 천연물질이 부작용이 없는 한계 내에서 사용된다면, 구강질환자의 구강 환경 개선을 위한 치약, 구강세척제 등의 구강용품들을 통해 임상에 적극적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2010

치주염이나 구취발생과 관련된 구강미생물에 대한 저출력레이저의 살균효과를 관찰하기 위하여, Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561 (P. gingivalis 2561), Prevotella intermedia (Pr. intermedia)에 광감수성증가물질을 처리함으로써 실험균주의 광민감성을 증가시킨 후 저출력레이저 650nm의 파장을 연속적으로 1분, 2분, 3분, 5분간, 각각 1cm, 2cm, 3cm 거리에서 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. P. gingivalis 2561의 경우 Toluidine blue O(TBO) 처리 후 650nm의 파장으로 3cm의 거리에서 1분간 조사한 실험군은 TBO만 처리한 실험대조군에 비해 99.99% 이상의 항균효과를 나타내었다. 2. Pr. intermedia의 경우 TBO 처리 후 650 nm의 파장으로 3 cm의 거리에서 1분간 조사한 실험군은 TBO만 처리한 실험대조군에 비해 99.8% 이상의 항균효과를 나타내었다. 3. P. gingivalis 2561의 경우 TBO 처리 후 650 nm의 파장을 연속으로 각각 1분, 2분, 3분간 조사한 실험군의 경우 시간이 길어질수록 살균효과가 점차 증가되었다. 4. P. gingivalis 2561의 경우 조사거리가 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm으로 증가할수록 살균효과가 약간 감소되었다. 5. Pr. intermedia의 경우 조사거리가 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm으로 증가할수록 살균효과가 약간 감소되었다. 위와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 저출력레이저의 살균효과는 조사시간이 길어질수록, 조사거리가 짧을수록 살균효과가 증가되었는데, 살균효과가 가장 적게 나타난 3 cm의 거리에서 1분간 조사한 실험군에서도 TBO만 처리한 경우보다 99.8% 이상의 살균효과를 나타내었으므로 저출력레이저의 구강미생물에 대한 살균효과는 명백하다고 생각된다. 따라서 photosensitizer의 부작용이 없는 한계 내에서 사용한다면 저출력레이저가 치주염, 임플란트주위염 등에 대한 보조적 치료와 구취조절 등에 매우 유용하게 사용되리라고 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 2010

Objective: We investigated the oral malodor inhibitory effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR), Phellodendri Cortex (PC), Moutan Cortex (MTC) and Magnoliae Cortex (MGC) for the development of a gargle solution. Methods: 1. Against P. gingivalis and Pr. intermedia, the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of viable cells that were exposed to 1% each herbal extract were observed. 2. Deodorizing activity of 2% herbal extract and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$ against methyl mercaptan were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC). 3. We used the salivary sediment system (SSS) as the malodor model. 4. The clinical examination was repeated 3 times by 2 subjects by $Halimeter^{(R)}$. Baseline VSC of each subject was measured. Then, the control subject gargled with cysteine for 30 sec. After 4 min, subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with herbal extracts (2%) and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. Subsequently, the concentration of VSC was measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Results: 1. Against P. gingivalis, MBC of SR, PC and MTC was 0.1%, and MBC of MGC was 1%. Removal time of P. gingivalis was as follows; 5 hr in MGC, 24 hr in SR and PC, and 48 hr in MTC. Against Pr. intermedia, MBC of SR and PC was 0.5%, and MBC of MTC, MGC was 1%. Removal time of Pr. intermedia was as follows; 5 hr in MTC and 24 hr in SR, PC and MGC. 2. Deodorizing effect of herbal extracts against methyl mercaptan was as follows; MGC and MTC had 100%, SR had 82.22%, PC had 66.60%, Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$ had 40.54%. 3. In the experiment using SSS, PC and MTC had statistically significant malodor-inhibitory effects (p<.05). 4. In the clinical examination, PC and MGC had statistically significant inhibitory effects at every elapsed time compared to the control subject. MTC had that until 40 min. SR had that at 0, 4, 8, 20, and 60 min. Conclusions: SR, PC, MTC and MGC have an antibacterial effect and the chemical removable activity of the oral malodor caused by VSC. These four herbs could have potential as effective anti-malodor agents.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate deodorizing effectsof medicinal herbs (Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) for development of a gargle solution. Methods: 1. The antimicrobial effects of medicinal herbs were evaluated with the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of the number of viable cells in the herb extracts(1%) for 48 hrs against P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611. 2. Deodorizing activity of each herb and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$gainst methyl mercaptan were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). 3. We used the malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system with a Halimeter. 4. In the preliminary clinical study, the baseline concentration of VSC in the oral cavity of each subject was measured by Halimeter. Subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with cysteine. After 4 minutes subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with Garglin and herb extracts (2%). Subsequently, concentration of VSC were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 minutes. Results: 1. MBC of Mume Fructusfor P. gingivalis 2561 was determined to be <1% and MBCs of Eriobotryae Folium for P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611 were determined to be <2% and <1%, respectively. Mume Fructus (1%) completely suppressed the P. gingivalis cell viability from 5 hrs and Eriobotryae Folium (1%) completely suppressed the Pr. intermedia cell viability from 48 hrs. 2. In GC analysis, deodorizing activities were 91.54% with Mume Fructus, 87.97% with Eriobotryae Folium, 100% with Acanthopanacis Cortex, 72.36% with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and 40.54% with Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. 3. In malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system, each of the medicinal herbs had significantly inhibitory effect on malodor formation (p<0.05). 4. In the preliminary clinical study, the concentration of VSC of the herb groups was significantly lower than of the control group, but not in Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. Conclusions: Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Angelicae Dahuricae Radixhave deodorizing activities and potential as an effective mouthwash against oral malodor.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2011

In this study, we analyzed flower tea activity against oral bacteria. Lagerstroemia indica, Paeonia suffruticosa and Hemerocallis fulva showed high extract yields. Bellis perennis, Punica granatum and Cercis chinensis showed the high rates of yield by ethanol extraction. Extract yield seemed to be related to the characteristics of the specimens rather than to the solvent. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus obrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were used to investigate extracts activity against bacteria; the former two cause dental caries and the latter two cause halitosis. Cornus officinalis, L. indica, P. granatum and P.s uffruticosa showed high antibacterial activities against S. mutans. In specimens extracted with ethanol, P. suffruticosa, Camellia sinensis, Camellia japonica L. and Rosa hybrida showed high antibacterial activities. L. indica, P. granatum and C. officinalis showed high antibacterial activities against S. sobrinus. C. officinalis, P. granatum, L. indica and P. suffruticosa showed high activities for specimens extracted with ethanol. The results show that the warm extracts of C. officinalis, L. indica and P. granatum may be effective to prevent dental caries. In particular, the ethanol-based extracts of C. officinalis, P. suffruticosa and C. sinensis were effective to prevent dental caries and thus may be highly marketable. Chrysanthemum zawadskii, R. hybrida, P. granatum, C. japonica L. and Zinnia elegans showed high antibacterial activity against P.gingivalis. R. hybrida showed the highest ethanol extract activity, followed by P. suffruticosa, P. granatum, C. japonica L. and L. indica. R. hybrida, P. granatum, C. morifolium and C. japonica showed high activity against Pr.intermedia in the order named. C. zawadskii, P. granatum, L. indica, C. japonica and A. princeps showed high ethanol extract activity. Thus, the warm extracts of R. hybrida, P. granatum and C. japonica may be helpful to reduce halitosis. In addition, the ethanol-based extracts of P. granatum, C. japonica and L. indica are expected to be highly marketable as mouthwashes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2001

Eliminating the infecting bacteria of the root canal system and preventing reinfection must be the main objectives of all endodontic works. None of commercially available root canal sealers have the properties of desirable tissue compatibility and strong antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to develope an ideal root canal sealer using commercially available polyphosphate (polyP), Calgon, which is known to be antibacterial and safe. For the study. resin type AH26, zinc oxide eugenol type Tubli Seal. Ca(OH)$_2$ type Apexit as base sealers for polyP (0~3%) and para formaldehyde containing N2 as a control base were selected. Specimens (3$\times$4mm) of the sealers were prepared in a 37$^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 and 10 days and their antibacterial activity against streptococci and black pigmented anaerobic rods was observed using an agar diffusion method. The result were as follows: 1. Among 3 day old root canal sealers. N2 as a positive control showed the strongest antibacterial effect. followed by AH26. Tubli Seal and. Apexit which barely showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. In contrast. 10 day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity than 10 day old N2. 2. All sealer specimens showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than streptococci. Three day old ones appeared to be more antibacterial than 10 day old ones except for Apexit. 3. As compared to N2, 3 day old AH26 demonstrated a similar antibacterial activity against black pig mented anaerobic rods but to a lesser extent to streptococci. Ten day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than 10 day old N2. 4. As compared to AH26. Tubli Seal generally revealed a lower antibacterial activity but it showed a greater antibacterial activity aginst S. gordonii Challis. 5. Enhancement of antibacterial activity by polyP was more clearly observed when it was added to Ca(OH)$^{\circ}C$ based root canal sealers. Tubli Seal and N2. 6. The addition of polyP enhanced the antibacterial activity of 3 day old AH26 against S. gordonii G9B (16%) and Challis (29%), and P. gingivalis 2561 (24%) only. Moreover, polyP failed to increase antibacterial activity of 10 day old AH26 against the test strains but P. gingivalis A7A1 28(13%). 7. The addition of polyP increased the antibacterial effect of 3 day old Tubli Seal on several test bacteria including s. mutans GS 5 (50%). s. gordonii G9B (47%) and Challis (122%). and all the test strains of P. gingivalis (13~35%) except for 9 14K 1. The addition of polyP to 10 day old Tubli Seal increased antibacterial activity of the root canal sealer against most test strains. 8. 3 day old Apexit failed to show antibacterial activity. if any very little against S. mutans GS 5 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 49046. However. polyP increased its antibacterial activity by 50 and 69%, respectively. Increase of antibacterial activity of 10 day old Apexit by polyP was more clearly observed than that of 3 day old one.