• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.271-298
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• 2012

Researchers have made significant progress in recent years towards realizing effective structural health monitoring (SHM) utilizing wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs). These efforts have focused on improving the performance and robustness of such networks to achieve high quality data acquisition and distributed, in-network processing. One of the primary challenges still facing the use of smart sensors for long-term monitoring deployments is their limited power resources. Periodically accessing the sensor nodes to change batteries is not feasible or economical in many deployment cases. While energy harvesting techniques show promise for prolonging unattended network life, low power design and operation are still critically important. This research presents the WiSeMote: a new, fully integrated ultra-low power wireless smart sensor node and a flexible base station, both designed for long-term SHM deployments. The power consumption of the sensor nodes and base station has been minimized through careful hardware selection and the implementation of power-aware network software, without sacrificing flexibility and functionality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2018

In the domestic nuclear power industry, concern about safety of nuclear power plants is continuously increased with the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. In order to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants, it is important to ensure that the power plants are operating with proper margin within the original design bases. Margin management is the process of ensuring that the NPP designer and operator are aware of the physical and operating limits, and potential and probability of failure, for each component in the plant. All components are subject to margin considerations, but the most important components by scope and attention are those related to safety-related systems and NPP safe shutdown.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks(EH-WSNs) can collect energy from the environment and overcome the technical limitations of existing power. Since the transmission distance in a wireless sensor network is limited, the data are delivered to the destination node through multi-hop routing. In EH-WSNs, the routing protocol should consider the power situations of nodes, which is determined by the remaining power and energy-harvesting rate. In addition, in applications such as environmental monitoring, when there are urgent data, the routing protocol should be able to transmit it stably and quickly. This paper proposes an adaptive routing protocol that satisfies different requirements of normal and urgent data. To extend network lifetime, the proposed routing protocol reduces power imbalance for normal data and also minimizes transmission latency by controlling the transmission power for urgent data. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive routing can improve network lifetime by mitigating the power imbalance and greatly reduce the transmission delay of urgent data.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1139-1142
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• 2006

Mobile Ad-hoc 네트워크(MANET)에서 각 노드들은 한정된 배터리에 의존하여 통신한다. 이와 같은 제한사항을 극복하기 위해 링크의 안정성을 유지하거나 파워 소모를 고려한 프로토콜에 대한 연구들이 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 링크의 안정성 또는 파워 소모의 어느 한 측면만을 고려함으로써 링크의 안정성은 높일 수 있으나 파워 소모가 효율적이지 못했다. 반면에 전체 파워소모는 줄일 수 있었으나 파워소모의 균형을 이루지 못함으로써 네트워크 수명을 오래 지속시킬 수 없는 문제점이 발생 했다. 본 논문에서는 배터리 잔량에 대한 threshold를 적용함과 동시에 신호세기를 고려하여 각 노드들의 균형된 파워소모와 네트워크 전체의 파워 소모를 최소화함으로써 네트워크 수명을 오래 지속시키기 위한 프로토콜인 PRTRS(Power Aware Routing Protocol based on Both Threshold by Residual Battery Capacity and Signal Strength in Mobile Ad-hoc Network)를 제안한다. PRTRS는 AODV(Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing)를 기반으로 하였다. NS-2 네트워크 시뮬레이션 결과 PRTRS는 특정 노드로 집중되는 트래픽을 분산시켜 파워소모의 균형을 이루고 네트워크 전체의 파워소모를 최소화함으로써 네트워크 수명이 연장됨을 확인하였다.

• School Mathematics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 1999

For an appropriate assessment in mathematics, students should play an active role in their learning by becoming aware of what they have learned in mathematics and by being able to assess their attainment of mathematical knowledge. The process of actively examining and monitoring students' own progress in learning and understanding of their mathematical knowledge, process, and attitude is called self-assessment, Researchers in mathematics education have found some important facts about the meta-cognitive process which is related to self-assessment : i. e. meta-cognition progress is composed of being aware of ones' own personal thinking of content knowledge and cognitive process(self-awareness) and engagement in self-evaluation. Tipical method for self-assessment in mathematics developed upon above finding about meta-cognitive progress is describing about students' knowledge and their problem solving strategies. In the beginning of the description in mathematics about themselves, students are required to answer which part they know and which part they don't know. Self-assessment of students' attitudes and dispositions can be just as important as assessment of their specific mathematical abilities. To make the self-assessment method a success, teachers should let students' have confidence and earn their cooperation by let them overcoming fear to be known the their ability to other students. In conclusion, self-assessment encourages students to assume an active role in development of mathematical power. For teachers, student self-assessment activities can provide a prism through which the development of students' mathematical power can be viewed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2010

One of the weaknesses of ad hoc network is that a route used between a source and a destination is to break during communication. To solve this problem, one approach consists of selecting routes whose nodes have the most stable link cost. In this paper proposes a new method for improving the low power distributed MAC. The method is rule-based on the context awareness of the each nodes energy in clustering. The proposed networks scheme could get better improve the awareness for data to achieve and performance on their clustering establishment and messages transmission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.766-768
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• 2005

컴퓨팅 환경이 무선과 휴대용 시스템으로 변화하면서, 전력효율이 점점 중요해지고 있다. 특히 내장형 시스템일 경우에 더욱 그러한데 이중 메모리에서 소모되는 전력이 전체 전력소모의 두 번째 큰 요소가 되고 있다. 메모리 시스템에서의 전력소모를 줄이기 위해서 DRAM의 저전력 모드인 냅모드(nap mode)를 활용할 수 있다. 냅모드는 액티브 모드(active mode)일 때의 $28\%$의 전력만을 소모한다. 하지만 하드웨어 컨트롤러는 운영체제가 협조하지 않으면 이 기능을 효율적으로 활용하지 못한다. 이 논문에서는 DRAM의 액티브 유닛(active unit)의 수를 최소화하는 방법에 초점을 맞춘다. 운영체제는 참조되지 않는 메모리를 냅모드에 놓음으로써 최소한의 유닛들만을 액티브 모드에 놓아 프로그램이 수행될 수 있도록 피지컬(physical) 페이지들을 할당한다. 이것은 PAVM(Power Aware Virtual Memory) 연구의 일반화된 시스템 전반에 대한 연구라고 할 수 있다. 우리는 모든 피지컬 메모리를 고려하고 있으며, 특히 평균적으로 전체 메모리의 절반을 사용하는 버퍼 캐시를 고려하고 있다. 버퍼 캐시의 용량과 그 중요성 때문에 PAVM 방식은 버퍼 캐시를 고려하지 않고는 완전한 해법이 되지 못한다. 이 논문에서 우리는 메모리의 사용처를 분석하고 저전력 페이지 할당 정책을 제안한다. 특히 프로세스의 주소공간에 매핑(mapping)된 페이지들과 버퍼 캐시가 고려된다. 이 두 종류의 페이지들간의 상호작용과 그 관계를 분석하고 저전력을 위해 이러한 관계를 이용한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.3916-3936
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• 2014

Smartphone applications like games, image processing, e-commerce and social networking are gaining exponential growth, with the ubiquity of cellular services. This demands increased computational power and storage from mobile devices with a sufficiently high bandwidth for mobile internet service. But mobile nodes are highly constrained in the processing and storage, along with the battery power, which further restrains their dependability. Adopting the unlimited storage and computing power offered by cloud servers, it is possible to overcome and turn these issues into a favorable opportunity for the growth of mobile cloud computing. As the mobile internet data traffic is predicted to grow at the rate of around 65 percent yearly, even advanced services like 3G and 4G for mobile communication will fail to accommodate such exponential growth of data. On the other hand, developers extend popular applications with high end graphics leading to smart phones, manufactured with multicore processors and graphics processing units making them unaffordable. Therefore, to address the need of resource constrained mobile nodes and bandwidth constrained cellular networks, the computations can be migrated to resourceful servers connected to cloud. The server now acts as a bridge that should enable the participating mobile nodes to offload their computations through Wi-Fi directly to the virtualized server. Our proposed model enables an on-demand service offloading with a decision support system that identifies the capabilities of the client's hardware and software resources in judging the requirements for offloading. Further, the node's location, context and security capabilities are estimated to facilitate adaptive migration.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4844-4864
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• 2017

Interference-aware routing protocol design for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is one of the key strategies in reducing packet loss in the highly hostile underwater environment. The reduced interference causes efficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes that, in consequence, prolongs the entire network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient interference-aware routing (EEIAR) protocol for UWSNs. A sender node selects the best relay node in its neighborhood with the lowest depth and the least number of neighbors. Combination of the two routing metrics ensures that data packets are forwarded along the least interference paths to reach the final destination. The proposed work is unique in that it does not require the full dimensional localization information of sensor nodes and the network total depth is segmented to identify source, relay and neighbor nodes. Simulation results reveal better performance of the scheme than the counterparts DBR and EEDBR techniques in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.4759-4775
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• 2015

The reduction of power consumption in large-scale datacenters is highly-dependent on the use of virtualization to consolidate multiple workloads. However, these consolidation strategies must also take into account additional important parameters such as performance, reliability, and profitability. Resolving these conflicting goals is often the major challenge encountered in the design of optimization strategies for cloud data centers. In this paper, we put forward a data center monitoring strategy which dynamically alters its approach depending on the cloud system's current state. Results show that our proposed scheme outperformed strategies which only focus on a single metric such as SLA-Awareness and Energy Efficiency.