• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.76
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• pp.21-47
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• 2017

Interim measures by an arbitral tribunal aim to protect the parties' rights before or during arbitral proceedings for avoiding frustration of the final award in international commercial disputes. Even though decisions of the interim measure are expected to be performed by parties directly during the arbitral processing, it is not easy to be provided by the arbitral tribunals cause of lack the power to enforce their decisions directly against the parties. Particular court supports mechanism for enforcement directly to assistance to arbitral tribunal's decisions. Decisions on interim measures are provisional. Even though the arbitration is ongoing to request interim measure directly to the arbitral tribunal, relevant courts are able to ensure effective relief cause by the difficulty of limited rights of the arbitral tribunal. In this time both revised Korean Arbitration Act in 2016 and UNCITRAL 2006 revised Model Law are complemented to attach articles for recognition and enforcement of interim measures by arbitral tribunal during the arbitration processing. It could be possible to enforcement of decisions of interim measures by arbitral tribunal on the revised arbitration law. In this paper it is considered the problems and alternatives on related applicable articles and articles of recognition and enforcement for the interim measures by arbitral tribunal under the revised UNCITRAL Model law and Korean Arbitration Act.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.77
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• pp.285-304
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• 2018

With the development of market economy, it has been a legislative trend to establish a system for vicarious liability of employers. China also established Tort Liability Law of People's Republic of China in 2009 and ruled responsibility of the employers for the acts for their employees through Art. 35. First, the employer's right to indemnity to an employee should be recognized, because employer's superintendence is much weak and economic power is similar between them. Second, an employer should take a responsibility for an unpaid employee as vicarious liability, because the Law did not exclude them from employees. Lastly, in case the Law conflicts with Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Trying Cases Involving Compensation for Personal Damage, the Law should be regarded it has priority based on several related Principles. Regarding these matters, this study guides you to an analysis of vicarious liability of employers in China, benefits with a view to the perfection of the vicarious liability regime.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 1997

This study is a thesis of the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law in a family based on the Korean family system. This is done by analysing how the traditional social system and the style of living are reflected in korean folk songs. This I believe is a necessity in order to understand the emotions and ideas of the word 'family' of Korea and to improve the state of the relations between mother-in-law and her daughter-in-law. I have divided this into 4 essential study points. First the family system illustrated in korean folk songs are mainly father centered family system. It caused a male-oriented society and women's subordination. Second, the relationship between mother-in-law and her daughter-in-law illustrated in folk songs are mostly vertical subordinate. This is easily described as a lord and servant relationship. Third the state of relationship reflected in the folk songs from a daughter-in-law's point of view is obedience to her husband's family nostal ia to her family desperation and opposition. Lastly the state of relationship from mother in law's point of view are discord cruel treatment the rule and power which herself carry.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.83-102
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• 2010

This paper investigates whether intra-household bargaining power affects couples' caregiving decisions during instances of competing parental demands for assistance. The primary focus is on examining how partners' bargaining power influences the relative allocation of time resources between parents and parents-in-law, assuming that children prefer to transfer caregiving resources toward their own parents over their parents-in-law. The findings in this study reject the bargaining theory that couple's parental care behavior results from a bargaining process between the husband and the wife. More specifically, the results did not clearly show that children prefer to transfer caregiving resources toward their own parents over their parents-in-law. Decision-making power, measured by final decision-making authority, also failed to affect the relative care transfers.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.19
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• pp.33-66
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• 2003

This is a comparative and analytical study which comprises of the analysis of the rules of the buyer's remedies where the seller delivers defective goods of four legal systems; Directive, CISG, English law and Korean law. In light of threefold main purposes of this study, it firstly attempts to describe and analyze the remedy provisions of Directive in a comparative way in order to provide legal advice to the sellers who plans to enter into English consumer markets. It shows that the two tier remedial system under Directive is not much different from the other jurisdictions, except where the right of rescission under Directive is absolute in a sense that it does not require a certain degree of seriousness of defect. Secondly, the study compares the rules of one jurisdiction with those of other jurisdictions and evaluates the rules in light of the discipline of comparative law the basic question of which is whether a solution from one jurisdiction may facilitate the systematic development and reform of another jurisdiction. It proves the followings; (1) the reluctance and uncertainty in English law of ordering specific performance based on the discretionary power does not reflect the parties' preference because the order is either uncertain or rather negative where the purchase of substitute goods elsewhere is not a satisfactory solution in many cases; (2) the position in Korean law which has no limitation on the right to require substitute goods is likely unfair in commercial sales, but justified in consumer sales; (3) the right of termination or reduction under Directive which is subject to the applicability of the right to require repair or substitute goods seems to be contrary to the consumer's preference where the defective delivery destroys the basis of trust in the quality of the seller's performance; (4) the absolute right of termination under Directive and English law seems crucial in consumer sales because they are often inferior to commercial sellers in terms of information and bargaining power; (5) the right of reduction as a self-help remedy which is absent in English law emphasizes its usefulness. Thirdly, it finds that, where CISG is deemed to fail to unify different rules on the right to require specific performance between Civil and Common law, it is attempted once again in Directive and notwithstanding their hostility to awarding the right to require specific performance in English law, Regulations 2002 expressively stipulates such right.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

In this study, kinetics data was obtained for steam reforming reaction of ethane over the nickel catalyst. The variables of steam reforming reaction were reaction temperature, partial pressure of ethane, and mole ratio of steam and ethane. Parameters for the power rate law kinetic model and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model were obtained from the kinetic data. Also, sizing of steam reforming reactor was performed by using PRO/II simulator. For the steam reforming reaction of ethane, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model determining the reaction rate by the surface reaction was better suited than a simple power rate law kinetic model. On water-gas-shift reaction, power rate law kinetic model was well fitted to the kinetic data. Reactor size can be calculated for production of hydrogen through PRO/II simulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

The appearance inspection of various electronic products and parts has been executed by the eyesight of human. But inspection by eyesight can't bring about uniform inspection result. Because the appearance inspection result by eyesight of human is changed by condition of physical and spirit of the checker. So machine vision inspection system is currently used to many appearance inspection fields instead of the checker. However the inspection result of machine vision is changed by the illumination of workplace. Therefore we have used a power-law transformation and histogram specification in this paper for improvement of vision inspection accuracy. As a result of these power-law transformation and histogram specification algorithm, we could increase the exactness of vision inspection and prevent system error from physical and spirit condition of human. Also this system has been developed only using PC, CCD Camera and Visual C++ for universal workplace.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.183-204
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• 2004

This paper introduces an observable connection structure between stocks in Korean stock market and investigates the formation principles of the observed connection structure between stocks in economic views. Several recent studies have been attempting to explain that the connection structure between stocks is organized by Power-Law distribution, this implies that most stocks have a few links, but only a few stocks have very large number of links. Therefore, we want to investigate the reason about why the connection structure between stocks exhibited by Mantegna's approach is Power-Law distribution. As a result we found that the number of connection between stocks is determined by market factors and specific firm factors among many other factors. In addition, if a stock is more affected by common factors(market) than specific firm factors, the stock has large number of links with other stocks, otherwise more affected by specific firm factors, the stock has a few links.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2011

We present a study of HII regions in M51 using HST/ACS images taken as part of the Hubble Heritage Program. We found about 19,600 HII regions in M51 with $H_{\alpha}$ luminosity in the range of $L=10^{35.5}-10^{39.0}\;erg\;s^{-1}$. The $H_{\alpha}$ luminosity function of HII regions (HII LF) in M51 is well represented by a double power law with its index ${\alpha}=-2.25{\pm}0.02$ for the bright part and ${\alpha}=-1.42{\pm}0.01$ for the faint part, separated at a break point $L=10^{37.1}\;erg\;s^{-1}$. Comparison with simulated HII LFs suggests that this break is caused by the transition of HII region ionizing sources, from low-mass clusters (including several OB stars) to more massive clusters (including several tens of OB stars). The HII LFs with L < $10^{37.1}\;erg\;s^{-1}$ are found to have different slopes for different parts in M51: the HII LF for the interarm region is steeper than those for the arm and the nuclear regions. This observed difference in HII LFs can be explained by evolutionary effects: HII regions in the interarm region are relatively older than those in the other parts of M51. The size distribution of the HII regions is fitted by a double power law with a break at D = 30 pc. The power law index for the small HII regions with 15 pc < D < 30 pc is ${\alpha}=-1.78{\pm}0.04$, whereas ${\alpha}=-5.04{\pm}0.08$ for the large HII region with 30 pc < D < 110 pc. The power law indices of the size distribution are related with those of HII LF, and the relation between the luminosities and sizes of HII regions is fitted well by $L{\propto}D^{3.04{\pm}}$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.533-538
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• 1990

In polysaccharide fermentation with Aureobasidium pullulans, the aeration effects on the production of polysaccharide and the rheological properties of fermentation broth were studied. The increase of the aeration rates from 0.5 to 2.0vvm at 500 rpm yielded the maximum specific production rate of polysaccharide from 0.046 to $0.093 (hr^{-1})$, and the maximum specific growth rate of cells from 0.168 to $0.192 (hr^{-1})$. The viscosity behavior of fermentation broths at the different aeration rates followed the power-law ${\tau}= K({\gamma})^n$. The viscosity attributed by cells was about 10% of the total viscosity of fermentation broth and most of viscosity was attributed by the polysaccharide produced. The relationship between power-law parameters and the concentration of polysaccharide generally satisfied the etㄴrations with the regression coefficient greater than 0.980, $lnK(t)= ln({\tau})_o-n(t)\;ln({\gamma})_o\;and\;K(t)=A P(t)^B$.