일개 기업의 40년 소음으로 인한 청력 손실 예방 활동을 통해 본 청력보존문화의 변화 단계 (Safety and Health Culture Change Stages: A Reflection on 40 years of Hearing Conservation History at a Multinational Company)
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- 한국산업보건학회지
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- 제29권3호
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- pp.298-309
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- 2019
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stages of safety and health culture change through a reflection on 40 years of hearing conservation history at a multinational company. Methods: The target workplaces were multinational companies with more than 1,000 employees. The research used the clinical case study and system analysis methods based on direct observation of the research from 1994 to 2009. The latter method performed an analysis of the equilibrium state of the cross-section in the given period and the longitudinal profile of the change during the given period. Results: The stages of cultural change are divided into five stages and summarized as follows. In the first stage, workplace noise was not widely recognized as a hazard, while in the second stage, the measurement of noise levels and audiometric testing were conducted under the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act (KOSHA). The driving force for change in the second stage was the amendment of the KOSHA. In the third stage, noise came to be recognized as a hazard factor through awareness training. The driving force of change during the third stage was the strong executive power exerted by the audit of the industrial hygiene program from the US head office. In the fourth step, there was a change to actually reduce noise. The driving force in this stage was a change in company executives' risk perception resulting from lawsuits over noise-induced hearing loss and the task force team activities for culture change based on the action learning protocol. At the fifth stage, a 'buy quiet policy' was institutionalized. The management's experience that noise reduction was difficult was the motivation to manage noise from the time of purchase of equipment. Conclusions: The activities of a hearing conservation program are determined by the improvement of the legal system and by the way it is enforced. Noise control activities to reduce noise areas may be possible through the shared risk perception of noise-induced hearing loss and by a change agent role as a facilitator to implement noise control.
트라우즐 연주시험은 화약의 발파성능을 검증하기 위해서 널리 사용되는 시험방법 중 하나이다. 위력이 검증된 폭약을 연주블록의 발파공에 장약 및 전색하여 폭발시킨 후 발파공의 체적변화를 통해 화약의 위력 또는 전색효과 등을 측정하는 방법이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 발파 시 전색물에 따른 전색효과를 서로 비교하기 위하여 트라우즐 연주시험 및 3차원 고속카메라를 이용한 이미지영상상관기법을 도입하여 발파실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 폭약은 산업용 에멀젼 폭약을 적용하였고, 전색재료는 모래 및 잔골재를 사용하였다. 트라우즐 연주시험 및 수치해석을 통한 비교에서 표준사보다 잔골재 전색의 경우가 연주블록의 확장이 크게 나타났으며, 3D-DIC 시스템에서도 잔골재 전색의 경우가 모래전색보다 직경변화와 표면변형률 모두 높은 수치를 보였다.
영농형 태양광은 동일 토지면적에서 태양광 패널에 의한 발전과 작물 경작을 융합한 시스템이다. 광 에너지가 부족한 영농형 태양광 하부에서 작물의 수확량이 감소하는 것은 필연적이나, 이를 관장하는 패널 하부에서 생육한 작물의 광합성 반응에 대해서는 국내외적으로 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구는 고정형 영농형 태양광 시설 하부에서 재배된 작물 잎에 흡수된 광에너지가 광합성 반응 중심에 전달되고 열로 방출되는 효율을 엽록소 형광 관측을 통해 조사하였다. 패널 하부와 노지의 콩과 벼는 ETR에서 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 광인산화 효율보다는 잎이 흡수한 광 에너지에 따라 CO2 고정량이 결정되는 것으로 보인다. 또한, 패널 하부의 콩과 벼는 노지보다 NPQ가 더 높은 것으로 보아 활성화된 광보호기작이 광인산화로의 에너지 분배에 부정적 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 향후 영농형 태양광에서의 작물 생산량과 광합성의 관계를 이해하기 위해 보다 다양한 기후 및 재배조건에서의 광합성 반응을 조사할 필요가 있겠다.
항해용 X-band 레이다를 이용한 파랑관측은 기존의 파랑관측 방법인 부이식 파고계, 압력식 파고계, 초음파식 파고계에 비해 많은 이점이 있다. 예를 들면 유실과 파손의 위험이 없고, 유지관리 비용이 적게 들며, 심해부터 천해까지 파랑의 공간적 분포를 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 레이다형 파고계의 유의파고 측정 정확도를 높이는 인공신경망을 이용한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 레이다형 파고계에서 유의파고를 추정하는 전통적인 방법은 신호 대 잡음 비율(
Threshing operation may be one of the most important processes in the paddy post-production system as far as the grain loss and labor requirement are concerned . head-feeding type threshers commercially available now in Korea originally were developed for threshing dry paddy in the range of 15 to 17 % in wet basis. However, threshing wet-paddy with the grain moisture content above 20 % has been strongly recommended, especially for new high-yielding Indica -type varieties ; (1) to reduce high grain loss incurred due to the handling operations, and (2) to prevent the quantitative and qualitative loss of milled -rice when unthreshed grains are rewetted due to the rainfall. The objective of this study were to investigate the adaptability of both a head-feeding type thresher and a throw-in type thresher to wet-paddy , and to find out the possiblilities of improving the components of these threshers threshing. Four varieties, Suweon 264 and Milyang 24 as Tongil sister line varieties, minehikari and Jinhueng as Japonica-type varieties, were used at the different levels of the moisture content of grains. Both the feed rate and the cylinder speed were varied for each material and each machine. The thresher output quality , composition of tailing return, and separating loss were analyzed from the sampels taken at each treatment. A separate experiment for measurement opf the power requirement of the head-feeding type thresher was also performed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was a difference in the thresher output quality between rice varieties. In case of wet-paddy threshing at 550 rpm , grains with branchlet and torn heads for the Suweon 264 were 12 % and 7 % of the total output in weight, respectively, and for the Minehikari 4.5 % and 2 % respectively. In case of dry paddy threshing , those for the Suweon 264 were 8 % and 5% , and for the Minehikari 4% and 1% respectively. However, those for the Milyang 23 , which is highly susceptable to shattering, were much lower with 1 % and 0.5% respectively, regardless of the moisture content of the paddy. Therefore, it is desirable to breed rice varieties of the same physical properties as well as to improve a thresher adaptable to all the varieties. Torn heads, which increased with the moisture content of rall the varieties except the Milyang 23 , decreased as the cylinder speed increased, but grains with branchlet didnt decrease. The damaged kernels increased with the cylinder speed. 3. The thresher output quality was not affected much by the feed rate. But grains with branchlet and torn heads increased slightly with the feed rate for the head-feeding type thresher since higher resistance lowered at the cylinder speed. 4. In order to reduce grains with branchlet and torn heads in wet-paddy threshing , it is desirable to improve the head-feeding type thresher by developing a new type of cylinder which to not give excess impact on kernels or a concave which has differenct sizes of holes at different locations along the cylinder. 5. For the head-feeding type thresher, there was a difference in separating loss between the varieties. At the cylinder speed of 600 rpm the separating losses for the Minehikari and the Suweon 264 were 1.2% and 0.6% respectively. The separating loss of the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy while that of the Mini-aged thresher increased with the moisture content. 6. From the analysis of the tailings return , to appeared that the tailings return mechanism didn't function properly because lots of single grains and rubbishes were unnecessarily returned. 7. Adding a vibrating sieve to the head-feeding type thresher could increase the efficiency of separation. Consequently , the tailing return mechanism would function properly since unnecessary return could be educed greatly. 8. The power required for the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy, but the average power increased linearly with the feed rate. The power also increased with the cylinder speed.
본 연구는 중국 프랜차이즈 시스템에 참여하는 본부와 가맹점 사이의 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해서 규명하고자 하였다. 중국의 외식 프랜차이즈 산업 가맹점을 조사대상으로 한 실증분석 결과, 프랜차이즈 시스템에서는 신뢰의 형성이 매우 중요하며, 이를 위하여 본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원의 강화, 양자 간의 원활한 커뮤니케이션, 가맹점의 과거결과에 대한 만족의 증진, 양자 간의 갈등 예방 및 해소가 필요하며, 이러한 본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원과 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 가맹점의 과거결과에 대한 만족을 증가시킬 수 있고, 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 양자 간의 갈등을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
본 논문은 Ka/K 통신 대역 및 Ku 방송 대역에서 동작하는 무궁화 3호 정지 궤도 위성을 이용하여 화상 전화, 인터넷과 같은 위성 멀티미디어 및 방송 서비스를 제공하는 이동체 탑재형 안테나 시스템 설계에 관한 것이다. 앙각 방향으로 팬 빔 특성을 갖는 안테나 시스템의 방사부는 준-오프셋 이중 성형 반사판과 삼중 대역 급전기로 구성된다. 또한, 삼중 대역 급전기는 돌출 유전체 막대를 이용한 Ka/K 이중 대역 급전기 및 원형 편파기, 직교 모드 변환기 그리고 Ku 대역 원형 편파 급전 배열로 구성된다. 특히, Ka/K 이중 대역 원형 편파기는 제작이 용이한 comb 구조를 사용하여 구현되었다. Ku 대역 급전 배열은 이동시 위성을 고속으로 추적하기 위하여 전자 빔을 형성할 수 있는
This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2014. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The research works on the thermal and fluid engineering have been reviewed as groups of heat and mass transfer, cooling and heating, and air-conditioning, the flow inside building rooms, and smoke control on fire. Research issues dealing with duct and pipe were reduced, but flows inside building rooms, and smoke controls were newly added in thermal and fluid engineering research area. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, pool boiling and condensing heat transfer and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included the results for thermal contact resistance measurement of metal interface, a fan coil with an oval-type heat exchanger, fouling characteristics of plate heat exchangers, effect of rib pitch in a two wall divergent channel, semi-empirical analysis in vertical mesoscale tubes, an integrated drying machine, microscale surface wrinkles, brazed plate heat exchangers, numerical analysis in printed circuit heat exchanger. In the area of pool boiling and condensing, non-uniform air flow, PCM applied thermal storage wall system, a new wavy cylindrical shape capsule, and HFC32/HFC152a mixtures on enhanced tubes, were actively studied. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on solar water storage tank, effective design on the inserting part of refrigerator door gasket, impact of different boundary conditions in generating g-function, various construction of SCW type ground heat exchanger and a heat pump for closed cooling water heat recovery were performed. (3) In the field of refrigeration, various studies were carried out in the categories of refrigeration cycle, alternative refrigeration and modelling and controls including energy recoveries from industrial boilers and vehicles, improvement of dehumidification systems, novel defrost systems, fault diagnosis and optimum controls for heat pump systems. It is particularly notable that a substantial number of studies were dedicated for the development of air-conditioning and power recovery systems for electric vehicles in this year. (4) In building mechanical system research fields, seventeen studies were reported for achieving effective design of the mechanical systems, and also for maximizing the energy efficiency of buildings. The topics of the studies included energy performance, HVAC system, ventilation, and renewable energies, piping in the buildings. Proposed designs, performance performance tests using numerical methods and experiments provide useful information and key data which can improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. (5) The field of architectural environment was mostly focused on indoor environment and building energy. The main researches of indoor environment were related to the evaluation of work noise in tunnel construction and the simulation and development of a light-shelf system. The subjects of building energy were worked on the energy saving of office building applied with window blind and phase change material(PCM), a method of existing building energy simulation using energy audit data, the estimation of thermal consumption unit of apartment building and its case studies, dynamic window performance, a writing method of energy consumption report and energy estimation of apartment building using district heating system. The remained studies were related to the improvement of architectural engineering education system for plant engineering industry, estimating cooling and heating degree days for variable base temperature, a prediction method of underground temperature, the comfort control algorithm of car air conditioner, the smoke control performance evaluation of high-rise building, evaluation of thermal energy systems of bio safety laboratory and a development of measuring device of solar heat gain coefficient of fenestration system.