• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.840-854
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• 2021

The impact of green tea extract powder and rosemary extract powder, alone or in combination, on the quality characteristics of naturally cured pork sausages produced with white kimchi powder as a nitrate source was evaluated. Ground pork sausages were assigned to one of seven treatments: control (0.01% sodium nitrite and 0.05% sodium ascorbate), treatment 1 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 0.05% green tea extract powder), treatment 2 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 0.1% green tea extract powder), treatment 3 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 0.05% rosemary extract powder), treatment 4 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 0.1% rosemary extract powder), treatment 5 (0.3% white kimchi powder, 0.05% green tea extract powder, and 0.05% rosemary extract powder), and treatment 6 (0.3% celery juice powder, 0.05% green tea extract powder, and 0.05% rosemary extract powder). Naturally cured products had lower (p<0.05) cooking yield and residual nitrite content than control sausages. However, compared to the control, naturally cured products with white kimchi powder (treatments 1 to 5) showed similar the pH, oxidation-reduction potential, CIE L^* values, CIE a^* values, nitrosyl hemochrome content, total pigment content, and curing efficiency to the control. When the amount of green tea extract powder or rosemary extract powder was increased to 0.1% (treatments 2 and 4), lipid oxidation was reduced (p<0.05). These results indicate that green tea extract powder, rosemary extract powder, and white kimchi powder may provide an effective solution to replace synthetic nitrite and ascorbate used in traditionally cured products.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.513-520
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• 2016

Recently, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure and heart disease has increased with increased meat consumption in Korea. This study was performed to determine the optimal mixing ratio among ratios of 0, 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder based on the anti-inflammatory effects. Then, the quality characteristics of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder were assessed. The inhibitory effects of ML2MF1 (2:1 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) on NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were superior to those of other mixing ratios. With respect to color values of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder, as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratios was increased, redness was increased but lightness and yellowness were decreased. The sensory evaluation of ML1MF5S (1:5 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) sauce for meat showed the highest score with respect to color, smell, taste, harmony with meat and the overall preference. In conclusion, as the mulberry leaf powder mixing ratio was increased, the anti-inflammatory activities were increased. But sensory evaluation scores were increased as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratio was increased. Therefore, by performing further study, the method to increase mulberry leaf powder in the mixing ratio for improving the sensory evaluation should be provided.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.950-966
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• 2021

This study investigated the effects of lemon extract powder and vinegar powder on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of pork sausages naturally cured using white kimchi powder during storage for 30 days. Six batches were included: control (0.01% sodium nitrite and 0.05% sodium ascorbate); treatment 1 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 0.5% lemon extract powder); treatment 2 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 1.0% lemon extract powder); treatment 3 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 0.5% vinegar powder); treatment 4 (0.3% white kimchi powder and 1.0% vinegar powder); and treatment 5 (0.3% white kimchi powder, 0.5% lemon extract powder, and 0.5% vinegar powder). Treatment 2 had significantly lower pH values and higher cooking loss than the other batches (p<0.05). Treatments 1, 2, and 5 had similar (p>0.05) CIE a^* as the control, while treatments 3 and 4 showed significantly lower values (p<0.05). The residual nitrite content in naturally cured products was lower than the control (p<0.05), while treatments 1 and 2 showed significantly higher nitrosyl hemochrome content and curing efficiency (p<0.05). TBARS values were similar for all treatments and the control (p>0.05). Treatments 1 and 2 showed significantly reduced aerobic plate counts (APC; p<0.05) than the control and other treatments. However, across all batches, TBARS values and APC significantly increased during storage (p<0.05). Our results suggest that lemon extract powder, rather than vinegar powder, may offer a promising alternative for supplementing the functions of nitrite in naturally cured sausages.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

This study investigated the quality of noodles containing different amounts of Chinese artichoke powder. Noodles were prepared at ratios of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% Chinese artichoke power based on flour weight. The weight, volume, and water absorption of cooked noodles significantly decreased with increasing amounts of Chinese artichoke powder. Turbidity of noodles increased according to addition of Chinese artichoke powder. The noodles showed decreased L and b values, and increased a values with increasing Chinese artichoke powder content in the flour composite. Hardness of cooked noodles increased significantly with increase ing Chinese artichoke powder content. Springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness decreased with increasing amounts of added Chinese artichoke powder. The antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity) and nitrite scavenging activity were improved significantly with addition of Chinese artichoke powder. Finally-, sensory evaluation results indicated that noodles containing 1% Chinese artichoke powder had higher quality as compared to other samples.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.174-185
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of fish paste added with different amounts (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of spirulina powder. Specifically, moisture content, pH value, color value, texture value, total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and sensory evaluation were measured in the samples. The moisture content of the fish paste added (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) ranged from 68.60% to 69.03%, and the increased amounts of spirulina powder in the fish paste tended to decrease the pH value. For the Hunter color values, the L, a values of surface and inside of the fish paste decreased with increased amounts of spirulina powder. The b values of the fish paste increased with increased amounts of spirulina powder. In the texture meter test, the hardness, gumminess, and adhesiveness decreased with the increased amounts of spirulina powder, and chewiness of group adding spirulina powder was measured lower than control. Springiness of the fish paste did not appear statistically significantly different among the samples according to the increased amounts of spirulina powder. Total polyphenol content of fish paste added with spirulina powder increased with increased amounts of spirulina powder, and DPPH radical scavenging was heightened according to increased amounts of spirulina powder. In sensory evaluation, the addition of 1% spirulina powder had the best score in odor, texture, taste, and overall preference. These results suggest that spirulina powder can be applied to fish paste to increase quality, preference, and functionality.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to analyze chemical composition, minerals and texture characteristics of Pongnipgangjung in various volumes of adding Pongnip powder. With increasing Pongnip powder level, moisture, total nitrogen, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash contents were significantly increased. Ca, P, K and Mg contents of Pongnip powder 1%, 3%, 4% was higher than Pongnip flour free group. According to rheometer evaluatuion, Pongnipgangjung added Pongnip powder 1% showed higher level of hardness than Pongnip powder 3%, 4% and free group. In sensory evaluation, the results of preference are in the following order Pongnipgangjung added Pongnip powder 1%, 3%, 4% and free group.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of bread made from waxy black rice flour(WBRF) and green tea powder were investigated. The bread was manufactured with 1% of green tea powder and 10, 20, 30 or 40% of WBRF(w/w). The group of 40% of WBRF and green tea powder significantly showed the highest bread weight and volume. Lightness(L value) and yellowness(b value) decreased, but redness(a value) increased with increasing WBRF contents in mixture. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness were the lowest in the control group, but springiness was the lowest in the group of 40% of WBRF and 1% of green tea powder. The sensory scores of appearance, external and crumb color, grainy in the group of 40% of WBRF and 1% of green tea powder were the significantly lowest. Overall acceptabilities of the groups of 10% and 30% of WBRF with 1% of green tea powder were not significantly different from the control group. The group of 40% of WBRF and 1% of green tea powder showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect and TEAC content. Thus, if the mixture of green tea powder and WBRF would be used, it might be proper to use 1% of green tea powder and 10% of WBRF mixture considering the quality and antioxidant activity of bread.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of Beaknyuncho (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten) powder on the quality of sponge cakes. Sponge cakes containing 0, 1, 3, and 5% of powder were prepared and stored for three days at $20^{\circ}C$. The volume of sponge cake increased up to 1% according to the amount of added powder, while the pH level decreased as the amount of powder increased. The edible period of the products could also be extended by the addition of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder; however, the lightness of crust and crumb was weaker as the amount of powder increased. Redness, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased whereas springiness and cohesiveness decreased with the addition of powder. In a sensory evaluation of the overall acceptance, the highest scores were for treatment with 1% Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder during storage periods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.680.1-680.1
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 2016

The principal objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Yukwa prepared with chlorella powder. The tested concentrations of chlorella powder were 0, 1, 2, and 3%. As more chlorella powder was added, spread ratio, moisture content, and volume increased, whereas L-value and a-value decreased and b-value increased. The hardness of Yukwa made with 3% chlorella powder was highest among the samples. The results of the sensory evaluation test show that Yukwa with 1% chlorella powder was significantly more preferable in term sof overall acceptability. The acid value and peroxide values were lower in Yukwa prepared with chlorella powder than the control. Yukwa prepared with chlorella powder showed strong inhibition of lipid oxidation. Thiobarbituric values were lower in Yukwa prepared with 2% chlorella powder compared to Yukwa prepared with 1% and 3% chlorella powders and control Yukwa. These results suggest that chlorella powder can be applied to Yukwa for high quality and functionality.