• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to map the spatial distribution of poverty using nighttime light satellite images as a proxy indicator of economic activities and infrastructure distribution in D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses official poverty statistics (National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS) and Poverty Database 2015) to compare satellite imagery's ability to identify poor urban areas in D.I Yogyakarta. National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS), as poverty statistics at the macro level, uses expenditure to determine the poor in a region. Poverty Database 2015 (BDT 2015), as poverty statistics at the micro-level, uses asset ownership to determine the poor population in an area. Pearson correlation is used to identify the correlation among variables and construct a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model to estimate the poverty level at a granular level of 1 km x 1 km. Results: It is found that macro poverty level and moderate annual nighttime light intensity have a Pearson correlation of 74 percent. It is more significant than micro poverty, with the Pearson correlation being 49 percent in 2015. The SVR prediction model can achieve the root mean squared error (RMSE) of up to 8.48 percent on SUSENAS 2020 poverty data.Conclusion: Nighttime light satellite imagery data has potential benefits as alternative data to support regional poverty mapping, especially in urban areas. Using satellite imagery data is better at predicting regional poverty based on expenditure than asset ownership at the micro-level. Light intensity at night can better describe the use of electricity consumption for economic activities at night, which is captured in spending on electricity financing compared to asset ownership.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Purpose - While many related prior studies have focused on the segregation by race and ethnicity, the academic interest in the separation of residence by income and social class is gradually increasing. This study aims to not only investigate spatial pattern of economic segregation and poverty rate in South Korea, but also shed light on what affect residential distribution of the poor. Research design, data, and methodology - The unit of analysis is Si-Gun-Gu municipal level entities of South Korea. Most demographic, socioeconomic, and residential variables were derived from Korean Census Data in 2015. In order to examine spatial patterns of economic segregation and poverty rate in South Korea, a series of measurements and visualization was conducted through the Geo-Segregation Analyzer and ArcGIS programs. Determinants of economic segregation and local poverty rates were investigated by regression analyses using STATA. Results - The spatial patterns of areas with high poverty rates were extremely clustered, while the distribution of areas with high economic segregation was relatively evenly distributed. Demographic, residential, and local factors appeared to affect whether the poor live in particular area or spread evenly. Conclusions - The factors that raise the poverty rate result in lower level of economic segregation, while factors that reduce the poverty rate lead to severe level of economic segregation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.199-237
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• 2006

지금까지 밝혀진 실증적인 성장과 분배의 관계는, 성장은 평균적으로 분배중립적으로 분배에 특정한 형태의 영향을 미친다는 실증적 증거는 없으며, 높은 부의 불평등도는 성장을 저해한다는 점이다. 한편 성장과 분배는 모두 빈곤에 이론적 실증적으로 영향을 미친다. 따라서 빈곤의 감소를 위해서는 성장과 분배의 정책적 조합이 필요하므로 성장과 분배의 이분법은 잘못된 것이다. 현 시점에서 한국이 성장과 분배의 조화를 통해 절대빈곤을 감소시키기 위해서는 세계은행에서 권장하는 빈곤감소적 성장을 추구할 필요가 있다. 한편, 절대적 빈곤과 절대적 불평등도는 음의 상관관계에 있기 때문에 양극화의 논의가 절대적 불평등도를 감소시키자는 정책으로 진행되어서는 절대빈곤의 감소를 기대하기 어려울 것이다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the issue of poverty is one of the most acute social problems of the beginning of the third millennium. The phenomenon of poverty is widespread in third world countries as well as it is observed in relatively developed countries. Poverty rates in Latin America are threatening. Consequently, the issue of social and economic inequality in these countries has become extremely acute. The purpose of the research: to identify the causes of poverty and social inequality and substantiate the main directions of poverty reduction in third world countries. The research methods: comparative analysis; index method; systematization; grouping; generalization. Results. The classification of the causes of poverty has been carried out and the directions of its overcoming in the countries of Latin America on groups of indicators have been defined, namely: 1) political; 2) economic; 3) demographic; 4) regional-geographical; 5) social; 6) qualification; 7) personal. Based on the Net Domestic Product indicator, a comparison of economic indicators of the studied countries has been carried out. It has been revealed that from 1990 to 2018 income inequality increased in 52 of 119 countries studied, and decreased in 57 states. Inequality has increased in the world's most populous countries, particularly China and India. In general, countries with growing inequality are home to more than two-thirds (71%) of the world's population. Trends in the distribution of income in the world have been investigated by applying the Gini index, the high level of which is observed in Latin America (Colombia 48,9%, Panama 46,1%, Chile and Mexico 45,9%). The forecast of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on this issue has been outlined; the ways of its impact on the economies of the countries have been studied. As a result of the study, the main directions and mechanisms of the strategy for poverty reduction and social inequality in the third world countries have been identified. The implementation of the poverty reduction strategy presented in this academic paper may have a positive impact on the economic situation of the population of Latin American countries.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

Purpose: Thisstudy aimsto explore the mechanism by which poverty alleviation labelsinfluence purchase intentionsin the e-commerce environment, as well as the role of mediating factors within this process. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: The research employs a questionnaire survey method, targeting a sample of 1668 consumers in Anhui Province, China. It focuses on understanding the impact of poverty alleviation labels on e-commerce platforms and the involvement of mediating factors like capability trust, benevolence trust, and honesty trust in this relationship. Results: The results indicate that poverty alleviation labels on e-commerce platforms significantly enhance consumers' purchase intentions. Regression analysis validates the positive impact of poverty alleviation labels on purchase intentions, capability trust, benevolence trust, and honesty trust, revealing the existence of mediating effects. Conclusions: The study provides empirical support for e-commerce poverty alleviation marketing, emphasizing the importance of focusing on and strengthening consumer trust in products. It offers profound insights for both academic research and practical operations in related fields. However, the research is limited to Anhui Province, and future studies could consider expanding the sample size to gain a deeper understanding of regional and cultural variations. Additionally, further research is encouraged to explore the applicability of the findings to other sales channels.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it's turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country's per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical analysis of the link that exists between microfinance and poverty alleviation. The analysis is driven by literature searches on empirical works done by different researchers in different contexts. Qualitative research methodology was adopted, following a desktop approach. An empirical literature review took a centre stage in this investigation. An analysis of empirical works shows that microfinance enhances poverty alleviation despite the challenges such as the Indian Andhra Pradesh crisis. The paper is limited to a review of empirical sources of literature. A field survey, supported by an econometric analysis would have helped to generate robust results. This paper attempts to bring together the empirical works that were done in different contexts to shed light on the important relationship between microfinance and poverty. Many research works on microfinance depend upon personal anecdotes, thus this present paper attempts to compile the scattered empirical findings on microfinance and poverty alleviation.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

Purpose - This study reviews Cameroon's economic growth, crisis, and recovery, aiming to: review the principal factors of Cameroon's real economic growth; explore the causes of its economic crisis analyze the determinants of its economic recovery; and suggest appropriate policies to ameliorate economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - By reviewing the relevant literature and economic indicators, we observed that from the 1980s to the present, Cameroon experienced all the possible business cycle phases: economic prosperity (until 1985), economic and social crisis (1986-1994), and renewed economic growth (after 1995). Results - As a result of the economic changes in Cameroon, its macroeconomic indicators have evolved. Poverty and inequality have changed in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Throughout the examined period, rural poverty has become more widespread, deeper, and more severe than urban poverty, while inequality has experienced greater increases in urban areas relative to rural zones. Conclusions -To reap maximum benefits and reduce poverty from these economic changes, Cameroon needs to liberalize trade and foreign exchange transactions to attract foreign investment, especially during the current globalization.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the poverty and distributional effects of the implementation of Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law. The Computable General Equilibrium-Top Down Behavioral Microsimulation was used to obtain the effects of the tax reform on macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. Moreover, the Poverty Gap Index, Squared Poverty Gap Index, Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke Measures of Poverty, and Sen-Shorrocks-Thon Index were used to measure the poverty effect of the tax reform. Meanwhile, the Gini Coefficient and SST Gini Coefficient Index were used to measure the distributional effect of the tax reform. The results show that the implementation of the tax reform has resulted in a significant increase in household income and disposable income. Region IV has the highest estimated increase in household income. Meanwhile, Region IV remained to have the lowest household income. Further, the findings of this study suggest that the tax reform resulted in a significant decrease in the magnitude of poor and the number of poor in the Philippines. However, the result of the study also suggests that the effect of tax reform manifests no differences in terms of the poverty gap measured through the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke poverty index due.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제55권
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• pp.181-204
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• 2003

본 연구는 국민의 정부 집권 기간동안 도시 근로자가구의 소득원 구성 가운데 공 사이전소득의 비중, 빈곤 가구의 규모, 그리고 소득분배의 불평등 수준의 변화 정도를 파악하고, 그 수치를 이전 시기의 그것들과 비교하였다. 또한 공적이전소득의 빈곤감소와 소득불평등 완화 효과를 분석하여, 국민의 정부에서 일어난 국가복지제도의 변화가 가지는 파급효과를 간접적으로 평가하였다. 이를 위해 1996년부터 2002년까지 도시가계연보의 원자료(매년, 2/4분기)를 분석의 자료로 활용하였다. 분석의 결과, 국민의 정부 들어 도시 근로자가구의 공적이전소득의 비중은 이전의 시기에 비해 조금 증가하고 있다. 그러나 빈곤 근로자가구의 공적이전소득의 비중은 상대적으로 크게 증가한 것으로 나타나, 국민기초생활보장제도의 파급효과가 입증되었다. 국민의 정부 집권 기간동안 상대적 빈곤율과 소득불평등의 수준은 매우 악화되었지만, 공적이전소득의 빈곤감소 효과나 소득불평등 완화 효과는 이전의 시기에 비해 크게 증가하였다. 그러나 그 효과는 서구 선진국의 그것과 비교해 볼 때, 매우 낮은 수준이다. 결국 정부가 빈곤율을 감소시키고 소득분배 구조의 개선을 위해서는 보다 적극적인 국가복지의 확대를 위해 노력하여야 할 것이며, 그것이 개별 사회성원의 소득원 구성 가운데 공적이전소득의 비중 확대로 이어져야 할 것이다.