• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7407-7411
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• 2014

The incidence of urban female breast cancer has been continuously increasing over the past decade with unknown etiology. One hypothesis for this increase is carcinogen exposure from tobacco. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the risk of urban female breast cancer from tobacco smoke exposure. The matched case control study was conducted among Thai females, aged 17-76 years and living in Bangkok or its surrounding areas. A total of 444 pairs of cases and controls were recruited from the Thai National Cancer Institute. Cases were newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed as breast cancer while controls were selected from healthy women who visited a patient, matched by age ${\pm}5$ years. After obtaining informed consent, tobacco smoke exposure data and information on other potential risk factors were collected by interview. The analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression, and presented with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI). From all subjects, 3.8% of cases and 3.4% of controls were active smokers while 11.0% of cases and 6.1% of controls were passive smokers. The highest to lowest sources of passive tobacco smoke were from spouses (40.8%), the workplace (36.8%) and public areas (26.3%), respectively. After adjusting for other potential risk factors or confounders, females with frequent low-dose passive smoke exposure (${\leq}7$ hours per week) from a spouse or workplace had adjusted odds ratio 3.77 (95%CI=1.11-12.82) and 4.02 (95%CI=1.04-15.50) higher risk of breast cancer compared with non-smokers, respectively. However, this study did not find any association of breast cancer risk in high dose passive tobacco smoke exposure, or a dose response relationship in cumulative passive tobacco smoke exposure per week, or in the active smoker group. In conclusion, passive smoke exposure may be one important risk factor of urban female breast cancer, particularly, from a spouse or workplace. This risk factor highlights the importance of avoiding tobacco smoke exposure as a key measure for breast cancer prevention and control.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

The accident risk at the construction workplace associated with agricultural engineering is comparatively higher than those of other fields due mainly to its complex work types and processes. Agricultural engineering deals with a variety of agricultural infrastructures from irrigation and drainage facilities to giant-scale coastal reclamation land infrastructures. The characteristics that most agricultural projects have conducted on a small-scale even worsen the situation drawing low attentions to risk management. Therefore, systematical risk assessment that focuses on details of agricultural construction work process is required in order to enhance safety management capacity and to prevent repetitive accidents ultimately. This study aims to categorize construction work types and processes of agricultural construction works, and to quantitatively assess the accident risk of them based on accident analysis. Regarding classification of construction works, actual 827 accident cases were thoroughly reviewed and coded by their construction site, facility and work type, project scale and so on. Most accidents (71.8 % of total cases) occurred in small-scale construction workplaces with less than 5 billion Korean won project budget. And those accidents related to agricultural infrastructure project (37.4%) and agricultural water development project (22.4%). In terms of work types, accidents frequently took place in form-work followed by pipe installation work, steel bar work and concrete work. The potential risks were compared with actual outbreak of accidents based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the potential conditions of accident expected to be took place is somewhat different from the actual conditions where accidents actually happened. This implicates that risk management manuals or education needs to be adjusted by reflecting unexpected circumstances. Overall, this study is meaningful in that the results could be foundations as to strengthen risk management capacity for agricultural engineering projects.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.245-252
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• 2022

Risk identification for bridge projects is a knowledge-based and labor-intensive task involving several procedures and stakeholders. Presently, risk information of bridge projects is unstructured and stored in different sources and formats, hindering knowledge sharing, reuse, and automation of the risk identification process. Consequently, there is a need to develop structured and formalized risk information for bridge projects to aid effective risk identification and automation of the risk management processes to ensure project success. This study proposes a semantic risk breakdown structure (SRBS) to support risk identification for bridge projects. SRBS is a searchable hierarchical risk breakdown structure (RBS) developed with python programming language based on a semantic modeling approach. The proposed SRBS for risk identification of bridge projects consists of a 4-level tree structure with 11 categories of risks and 116 potential risks associated with bridge projects. The contributions of this paper are threefold. Firstly, this study fills the gap in knowledge by presenting a formalized risk breakdown structure that could enhance the risk identification of bridge projects. Secondly, the proposed SRBS can assist in the creation of a risk database to support the automation of the risk identification process for bridge projects to reduce manual efforts. Lastly, the proposed SRBS can be used as a risk ontology that could aid the development of an artificial intelligence-based integrated risk management system for construction projects.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.35-56
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of perceived risk, an under-explored area in the knowledge sharing literature. We proposed that employee perceptions of risk relate positively with their knowledge sharing behaviors (donating and collecting), and examined the mediating role of impression management strategies in the hypothesized relationships. We also explored the moderating effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) in the relationship between perceived risk and impression management strategies. Valid and reliable self-report and supervisory evaluation measures were collected from a sample of 251 railroad employees in safety-sensitive positions. The results indicate that perceived risk was not significantly associated with knowledge sharing, but rather the risk perception impacts were indirect through impression management strategies such as exemplification and supplication. The study also found that LMX has no moderating effect on the perceived risk and impression management strategies. In discussing these results, we present significant insights in terms of subjective risk judgment as a potential mechanism which can encourage organizational politics.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

'Navigable airspace' means an airspace at and above the minimum safe flight level, including airspace or flight procedures needed for safe takeoff and landing. Airspace may be established as needed and may be abolished, and in some cases may be limited to airspace management. These are absolutely based on risk assessment. Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. 'Risk' is the assessed potential for adverse consequences resulting from a hazard and 'Risk assessment' involves consideration of both the frequency and the severity of any adverse consequence. This paper proposed 'risk assessment procedure' for the structural changes of Navigable Airspaces through literature reviews relevant to manuals on airspace management and risk management.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2009

위험도분석은 철도사고해석에 주로 사용되는 이론이다. 위험도 분석의 목적은 전설공사전체 과정에서 주요사고부 사고요인과 잠재적인 원인 및 기여정도 등을 조사 분석하는 것이다. 본 논문은 건설공사 현장에서 발생하는 사고원인과 패턴을 분석하고 사고빈도와 심각도를 고려한 위험도 지수를 계산하여 상대적인 위험도 평가를 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 기반으로 사고 위험도 지수의 일관성을 유도하고 위험도 평가를 위한 정량적인 기준을 제공하고자 하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.39-40
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• 2015

As international construction market increases, the importance of risk management in international construction project is emphasized. Unfortunately, current risk management practice does not sufficiently deal with project risks. Although a lot of risk analysis techniques have been introduced, most of them focus on project's external unexpected risks such as country conditions and owner's financial standing. However, because those external risks are difficult to manage and take preemptive action, we need to concentrate on project inherent risks. Based on this premise, this paper proposes a project-oriented risk mining approach which could detect and extract project risk factors automatically before they are materialized. This study presents a methodology regarding how to extract potential risks which exist in owner's project requirements and project tender documents using state of the art data analysis method such as text mining. The project-oriented risk mining approach is expected to effectively reflect project characteristics to the project risk management and could provide construction firms with valuable business intelligence.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2011

Purpose: It is difficult to obtain biopsies from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) prior to surgery because GISTs are submucoal tumors, despite being the most common nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike anatomic imaging techniques, PET-CT, which is a molecular imaging tool, can be a useful technique for assessing tumor activity and predicting the malignant potential of certain tumors. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of PET-CT as a pre-operative prognostic factor for GISTs by analyzing the correlation between the existing post-operative prognostic factors and the maximum SUV uptake (SUVmax) of pre-operative 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 26 patients who were diagnosed with gastric GISTs and underwent surgery after being examined with pre-operative FDG PET-CT. An analysis of the correlation bewteen (i) NIH risk classification and the Ki-67 proliferation index, which are post-operative prognostic factors, and (ii) the SUVmax of PET-CT, which is a pre-operative prognostic factor, was performed. Results: There were significant correlations between (i) SUVmax and (ii) Ki-67 index, tumor size, mitotic count, and NIH risk group (r=0.854, 0.888, 0.791, and 0.756, respectively). The optimal cut-off value for SUVmax was 3.94 between "low-risk malignancy" and "high-risk malignancy" groups. The sensitivity and specificity of SUVmax for predicting the risk of malignancy were 85.7% and 94.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The SUVmax of PET-CT is associated with Ki-67 index, tumor size, mitotic count, and NIH classification. Therefore, it is believed that PET-CT is a relatively safe, non-invasive diagnostic tool for assessing malignant potential pre-operatively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2023

Background: As the public interest in chemical substances found in daily life has increased, environmental health education content has been developed and related studies have been conducted. However, there is still insufficient research on methodologies for environmental health education. Objectives: This study aimed to explore risk communication strategies by focusing on N-nitrosamines in rubber balloons. Methods: In this study, two different health messages were composed: a gain-framed message emphasizing the advantages of practicing the health behavior and a loss-framed message emphasizing the negative consequences of not practicing the health behavior. The effect of the message containing risk information was evaluated by measuring the health beliefs and health behavior potential for female caregivers. As the Environmental Health Act defines a child as "a person under the age of 13," a total of 131 women with children under the age of 13 were studied. Results: The age, awareness, and interest of the participants in the gain frame group and these in the loss frame group were similar. In terms of message framing effect, the gain-framed message was more effective in terms of health belief and potential health behavior than was the loss-framed message. As a result of an independent t-test, among the six variables of health belief model the message effect was statistically significant at the level of p<0.05 in three variables: perceived severity (t=2.287, df=129, p=0.024), self-efficacy (t=2.123, df=129, p=0.036), and health behavior potential (t=2.094, df=129, p=0.038). Conclusions: This study presented a direction for effective environmental health education by studying the effects of risk communication messages based on scientific evidence. It is necessary to extend the scope of environmental health education research by expanding research into various household products.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2024

최근 기후변화로 영향으로 재해의 양상이 다양화 및 대형화되고 있다. 이에 우리나라는 안전한 치수계획을 세우기 위해 수자원장기종합계획에서 홍수위험도 평가를 위해 홍수피해잠재능(Potential Flood Damage, PFD)의 개념이 도입되었다. 하지만, PFD의 문제점이 제기되면서 다양한 연구들이 진행되어왔다. 선행연구 대부분 PFD 인자를 수정·보완하거나 인자를 새로 추가하는 연구들이 진행되었다. 본 연구는 위험성 인자를 내포하고 있는 홍수위험지도를 사용하여 기존의 치수안전도 평가방법을 개선하고, 대상지역인 영·섬진강권역을 중심으로 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 평가방법은 위험성 요소 및 잠재성 요소 분석, PFD 및 홍수방어수준 분석, 치수안전도 평가로 크게 3가지로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 개선된 평가방법은 각종 치수안전도 평가 및 치수계획 수립시 활용될 것으로 기대된다.