• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

본 연구는 가야산국립공원을 대상으로 지리정보시스템(Geometric Information System, GIS)을 이용 식생분포에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하여, 식생분포 확률을 기초로 가야산국립공원의 잠재자연식생을 추정하였다. 가야산국립공원의 현존식생조사 결과 128개의 군락이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 가야산국립공원의 고도, 경사, 사면방위, 지형지수, 연평균 온도, 온량지수, 잠재증발산량의 7개 요인을 중심으로 군락별 분포를 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 분포확률을 추정하였다. 잠재자연식생의 분포확률이 0.3이상인 군락은 소나무군락의 출현확률이 55.80%로 가장 높았으며, 신갈나무군락이 44.05%, 상수리나무군락이 0.09%, 굴참나무군락이 0.06%로 나타났다. 식생의 분포에 영향을 주는 요인을 본 연구에서 제시한 요인으로 한정할 경우 가야산국립공원의 잠재자연식생은 신갈나무군락(43.1%)과 소나무군락(56.9%)이 나타날 것으로 예측되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

The study for the estimation potential natural vegetation was estimated the occurrence probability distribution using geographic information system(GIS) in Bukhansan National Park. Correlation and factor analysis were analyzed to estimate probability distribution. Coefficients were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Correlation coefficients were significantly at the 0.01 level. Commonality of elevation, annual mean temperature, warmth index and potential evapotranspiration were high value, but topographic index was low value. Communities of over the 0.3 points distribution probability, Quercus mogolica communities were the largest area, 76,940,900 $m^2$, Pinus densiflora communities area was 860,800 $m^2$, Quercus acutissima communities area was 500,100 $m^2$ and Quercus variabilis communities area was 1,000 $m^2$, but Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Carpinus laxiflora and Zelcova serrata communities was not appeared. Therefore, potential national vegetation of Bukhansan national park was likely to be Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Q. acutissima community and Q. variabilis community.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2021

Sanankerto is one of pilot projects for tourism villages in Indonesia due to its natural tourism potential with a 24-ha bamboo forest located in Boon Pring Andeman area. However, the distribution of existing bamboo has never been identified or mapped. Thus, the mana gement is facing difficulty in planning and developing tourism potential as well as spatial management in the area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the structure of bamboo vegetation in the Boon Pring Tourism village an d to perform vegetation mapping. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with a cluster sampling technique (i.e., a two-stage cluster) covering an area of ± 10 ha. Bamboo vegetation analysis was performed by calculating diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Species Richness index (R). Data were collected through observation and interviews with local people and the manager to determine zonation division. Mapping of bamboo vegetation based on zoning was processed into thematic maps using ArcG is 10.3. Micro climatic factors were measured with three replications for each sub -cluster. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Nine species of bamboo identified. Diversity, evenness, and species richness indices differed at each location. Activities of local communities, tourists, and manager determined the presence, number, and distribution of bamboo species. These bamboo distribution maps in three zoning (utilization, buffer, and core) can be used by manager for planning and developing natural tourism potential.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.361-364
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• 2006

The objective of the current study was to characterize and apply multiple regression model relating to vegetation values of the plant species over salt marshes. For each salt marsh community, vegetation and soil variables were investigated in the western coast and the southern coast in South Korea. Osmotic potential of soil and $Cl^-$ content of soil as independent variable had positive and negative influences on vegetation values. Multiple regression model showed that vegetation values of 14 coastal plant communities were determined by pH of soil, osmotic potential of soil and sand content. The multiple regression equation may be applied to the explanation of distribution and abundance of plant communities with exiting ordination plots.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

The net primary productivity and potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century were estimated by the Miami model and thermal climate, respectively, based on 148 meteorological data sets. In the 21st century, the distribution range of the net primary produtivity in the Korean peninsula was estimated as 1,050 g $DM{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}~2,050g\;DM\cdot m^-2\cdot yr^{-1}.\; These\; values\; increased\; by\; 200g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}\;on\;northern\;part\;and\;400g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}$ on southern part compared with that of the present century. The potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century will change into the followings:coniferous forest on Mt. Paektu area, deciduous broadleaf forest on northern part, and evergreen broadleaf forset on southern part.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2024

Small streams, despite their rich ecosystems, face challenges in vegetation assessment due to the limitations of traditional, time-consuming methods. This study presents a groundbreaking approach, combining unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), convolutional neural networks(CNNs), and the vegetation differential vegetation index (VDVI), to revolutionize both assessment and management of stream vegetation. Focusing on Idong Stream in South Korea (2.7 km long, 2.34 km² basin area)with eight diverse revetment methods, we leveraged high-resolution RGB images captured by UAVs across five dates (July-December). These images trained a ResNeXt101 CNN model, achieving an impressive 89% accuracy in classifying vegetation cover(soil,water, and vegetation). This enabled detailed spatial and temporal analysis of vegetation distribution. Further, VDVI calculations on classified vegetation areas allowed assessment of vegetation vitality. Our key findings showcase the power of this approach:(a) TheCNN model generated highly accurate cover maps, facilitating precise monitoring of vegetation changes overtime and space. (b) August displayed the highest average VDVI(0.24), indicating peak vegetation growth crucial for stabilizing streambanks and resisting flow. (c) Different revetment methods impacted vegetation vitality. Fieldstone sections exhibited initial high vitality followed by decline due to leaf browning. Block-type sections and the control group showed a gradual decline after peak growth. Interestingly, the "H environment block" exhibited minimal change, suggesting potential benefits for specific ecological functions.(d) Despite initial differences, all sections converged in vegetation distribution trends after 15 years due to the influence of surrounding vegetation. This study demonstrates the immense potential of UAV-based remote sensing and CNNs for revolutionizing small-stream vegetation assessment and management. By providing high-resolution, temporally detailed data, this approach offers distinct advantages over traditional methods, ultimately benefiting both the environment and surrounding communities through informed decision-making for improved stream health and ecological conservation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.208-232
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• 1984

A survey was conducted on the vegetation of Seogmo island, which is small island (ca. 41 okm2) located about 1km west of Kanghwa island in the central Korea, from Aug. 1983 to May 1984. Based on the field data, actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map were made. The island is covered with broad-leaved trees dominated with Quercus variabilis. The dominance diversity curves obtaiend in different associations are grouped in two types, lognormal distribution forms at the undisturbed vegetation and geometric series at the disturbed or rocky sites. It seems that the curves show to us the nature of their ecocline by the hypothesis of some investigators, i.e. Random niche boundary hypothesis, niche preemption hypothesis, lognormal distribution and logarithmic series. Total numbers of vascular plant species of the island were recorded 108 families, 348 genera, 475 species, 73 variaties and 7 forma. And Pte.-Q Index, 0.93, and Fisher's Index, 589.8, were higher than those in neighboring islands.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.147-149
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• 2003

The wetness, a function of precipitation and temperature etc, and the warmth, a function of temperature, are the dominant factor for global vegetation distribution. This paper employs the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), warmth index (WAI), and wetness index (WEI), and focuses on an essential climate-vegetation relationship at global scale. The NDVI was acquired from ‘Twenty-year global 4-minute AVHRR NDVI dataset.’ The WEI is defined as the fraction of the precipitation to the potential evaporation. The WAI was calculated by accumulating the monthly mean temperature of the portion exceeded 5$^{\circ}C$ throughout the year. Meteorological data for the WEI and WAI calculation were obtained from the ISLSCP CD-ROM. All analyses were conducted for 1 ${\times}$ 1 degree grid box on the terrestrial area of the Earth, and on annual value basis averaged in 1987 and 1988. The result of analyses demonstrated that there are two regimes in their relations, that is, a regime in which NDVIs vary depending on the WEI, and a regime in which NDVIs vary depending on the WAI. These two regimes appeared to correspond to the wetness dominant and warmth dominant vegetation, respectively. The geographical distributions of two regimes were mapped. Most of the world vegetation is categorized into wetness dominant, while warmth dominant vegetation is seen in the high-latitude area mainly to the north of 60$^{\circ}$N in the Northern Hemisphere and high-altitude areas.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1997

지구상의 잠재삼림면적을 추정하기 위한 일련의 단계로서, 적정한 식생도제작(Global Natural Vegetation Mapping, GNVM) 시스템을 선발하기 위해, Light Climatic Dataset(LCD)에 지형을 고려하지 않은 단순 시스템, LCD에 지형을 고려한 시스템, Heavy Climatic Dataset(HCD)에 지형을 고려한 시스템을 구축하고 상호 비교하였다. 3종류의 GNVM시스템은, 세계에서 관찰된 기후데이타를 구면보간법에 의해 지구면 전체의 $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$의 격자점에 대하여 이것을 추정하고, 그 추정치로부터 식생을 구분하며, 구분의 결과를 가지고 잠재자연식생도의 출력 및 잠재자연식생의 면적을 산출한다. 3종류의 GNVM시스템을 비교한 결과, LCD에 지형을 고려한 GNVM 시스템이 잠재자연식생의 분포를 가장 잘 표현하였으며, 단순 시스템은 지형을 고려한 시스템들에 비해 온난한 지역을 과대평가하고 한랭지 및 사막지역을 과소평가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 한편, 측후소의 수에 따른 시스템간에 있어서는 HCD에 지형을 고려한 시스템이 측후소의 과밀분포로 인해 LCD에 지형을 고려한 시스템보다 습윤지역의 과대평가와 건조지역의 과소평가를 나타냈다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

수문순환 과정에서 증발산 현상은 수자원 개발을 위한 계획의 수립과 수자원시스템의 운영면에서 대단히 중요한 요소로서 작용한다. 본 연구는 Landsat TM(ETM+) 자료와 DEM, Landcover 등의 공간정보를 이용하여 지표면의 에너지수지 요소를 고려한 유역의 일일 잠재증발산량을 분포형으로 산정하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상유역은 한강수계 경안천 유역으로 하였으며, 잠재증발산량 산정은 식생이 전혀 없는 수역과 비수역 부분으로 구분하여 식생이 존재하는 지역에는 엽면적지수(LAI)를 고려한 Penman-Monteith식을 이용하였다. 그리고 비식생영역인 수역은 Penman의 에너지수지 질량수송 조합방법에 의해 산정하였다. 잠재증발산량 산정에 필요한 입력자료 중 NDVI와 SR 그리고 알베도는 1986년부터 2002년까지의 Landsat TM 및 ETM+ 영상자료로부터 분포형으로 생성하였다. NDVI 분포도를 이용하여 지중열전도량 분포도를 생성하였고, SR 분포도를 이용하여 엽면적지수 분포도를 작성하였다. 산정결과 유역전체 평균 잠재증발산량은 단위 셀당 1.8~3.2mm/day정도로 산정되었다. 각 토지피복별 잠재증발산량을 산정한 결과 수표면에서의 잠재증발산량은 3.6~4.9mm/day, 도시지역은 1.4~3.1mm/day, 나대지는 1.4~3.5mm/day, 초지는 1.7~3.7mm/day, 산림지역은 1.7~3.0mm/day 그리고 농경지에서는 1.8~3.6mm/day로 산정되었다. 증발접시 관측자료와 비교한 결과 잠재증발산량이 과소하게 산정되었으나 물리적인 타당성은 있는 것으로 판단된다.