• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 2024

This study aims to address the sustainability of South Korea's conscription system, which is being questioned due to issues like low birth rates and societal changes, and to explore the necessity and implementation strategies for transitioning to an all-volunteer force (AVF). South Korea has long maintained national security through conscription, but it now faces challenges such as a decrease in military resources and the advancement of high-tech military technologies. To address these challenges, the study analyzes domestic and international cases of AVF and assesses the current state and issues of South Korea's military service system. The findings indicate that an AVF can enhance military professionalism and efficiency, respect individual choice, and contribute to reducing gender imbalance and promoting social equity. A phased roadmap for the implementation of the AVF is proposed, along with the need for legal and institutional frameworks and measures to foster public consensus. The study also discusses the potential positive economic impacts and long-term cost savings of the AVF. This research aims to provide concrete strategies and policy recommendations for adopting a Korean-style AVF, thereby proactively responding to changes in the future security environment and establishing a sustainable national defense posture.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.467-484
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• 2024

The rapid advancement of generative AI has ushered in an era where anyone can create and freely utilize personalized chatbots without the need for programming expertise. This study aimed to develop a customized chatbot based on OpenAI's GPTs for the purpose of pre-service teacher education and to analyze its educational performance in mathematics as assessed by educators guiding pre-service teachers. Responses to identical questions from a general-purpose chatbot (ChatGPT), a customized GPTs-based chatbot, and an elementary mathematics education expert were compared. The expert's responses received an average score of 4.52, while the customized GPTs-based chatbot received an average score of 3.73, indicating that the latter's performance did not reach the expert level. However, the customized GPTs-based chatbot's score, which was close to "adequate" on a 5-point scale, suggests its potential educational utility. On the other hand, the general-purpose chatbot, ChatGPT, received a lower average score of 2.86, with feedback indicating that its responses were not systematic and remained at a general level, making it less suitable for use in mathematics education. Despite the proven educational effectiveness of conventional customized chatbots, the time and cost associated with their development have been significant barriers. However, with the advent of GPTs services, anyone can now easily create chatbots tailored to both educators and learners, with responses that achieve a certain level of mathematics educational validity, thereby offering effective utilization across various aspects of mathematics education.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.137-144
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• 2024

Digital advertising, both indoors and outdoors, is evolving from traditional 2D formats to more immersive 3D forms. 3D advertising involves creating 3D content and displaying it through large LED installations on two sides of a building's corner, or using 3D hologram projectors indoors. This study examines the production process of 3D hologram projectors used indoors and LED-based 3D content used outdoors, analyzing potential issues and considerations when creating 3D digital advertising content. The findings reveal that while indoor hologram projector content provides 3D effects, the low resolution of the devices makes it challenging to implement complex content. However, they are cost-effective and easy to operate. On the other hand, LED-based 3D advertising content, produced in high resolution, requires more time for content creation and incurs higher hardware installation costs. Despite this, it effectively represents complex content and maximizes visibility due to its enhanced 3D effects. In conclusion, it is crucial to create tailored content that matches the resolution of the display device to maximize 3D effects in advertising. Specifically, when producing 3D billboard-style outdoor advertising content, the structure of the building on which it will be installed must be carefully considered.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2024

In this study, we calculated total electron content (TEC) using ship-borne global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations and validated the results by comparing the ground-based TEC. GNSS is an effective tool for monitoring the ionosphere as it allows 24-hour observations, is low cost, and is easy to install. However, most GNSS stations are located on land, which leads to a lack of data from the ocean. Therefore, we conducted an experiment collecting GNSS data in the ocean by installing GNSS observation systems aboard the research vessel 'ISABU', operated by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology. We estimated TEC using GNSS data from July 30 to August 24, 2021. From the results, we confirmed daily and latitudinal variations of TEC as expected. Additionally, we compared the results with TEC derived from nearby ground-based GNSS stations and then verified similar variations. Based on these results, we plan to research ionospheric climatology using long-term data and assess its potential for ongoing ionospheric monitoring.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 2024

Objectives: Tilia viridis (Bayer) Simonk. (Malvaceae) is widely distributed in Argentina and employed for its tranquilizing properties. Other species of the genus (Tilia europaea L., Tilia cordata Mill., Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) have been traditionally used for the treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide and is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain, leading to unpredictable, unprovoked, recurrent seizures. Current pharmacological interventions often present mild to moderately severe side effects. Epilepsy has been associated with oxidative and nitrative stress as well as neuroinflammation. Herbal medicine therapies may offer new treatment options with multi-target antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects for patients whose seizures remain uncontrolled, potentially providing cost-effective solutions for individuals worldwide suffering from uncontrolled epilepsy.The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anticonvulsant activity of a standardized T. viridis aqueous extract (TE). Methods: Study of the constituents of TE, TE's antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities and toxicity, and analysis of the possible relation between the potential activities and the compounds present in the extract. In order to demonstrate TE's anticonvulsant activity a zebrafish model was used. The study also assessed TE's toxicity and antioxidant activity. To standardize the extract, total polyphenols and flavonoids were quantified and specific flavonoids were identified and quantified using HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV. Results: TE exhibited anticonvulsant activity at low concentrations and demonstrated antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, exhibiting superoxide dismutase and peroxidase-like activities, as well as inhibiting lipoperoxidation. These actions can be attributed to the presence of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. Conclusion: TE holds promise as a complementary herbal medicine in the treatment of epilepsy and may also offer benefits for other neuropathies associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.312-326
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• 2024

This review comprehensively reviews the latest research trends in nickel catalysts for low-temperature CO₂ methanation reactions, with special emphasis on catalyst synthesis and reactor design for low-temperature CO₂ methanation reactions. In addition to the previously reported catalyst synthesis method of impregnation, the effects of structural and chemical properties of catalysts synthesized by solvothermal synthesis and electrospinning on CO₂ methanation reactions were analyzed. We also discuss the potential for process cost reduction and scale-up based on 3D catalyst structures and catalyst stacked reactor designs to improve reaction efficiency. It is found that the efficiency of the CO₂ methanation reaction can be maximized by controlling the oxygen vacancies and crystal structure of the catalyst through an innovative catalyst synthesis method, and by increasing the active area of nickel through the 3D structure of the catalyst and the reactor design. It is expected that this review will serve as the basis for the field of converting natural gas into CH₄, which can be used as a substitute for natural gas while reducing CO₂, a major greenhouse gas.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.25-41
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• 2014

Recently, the number of social media users has increased rapidly because of the prevalence of smart devices. As a result, the amount of real-time data has been increasing exponentially, which, in turn, is generating more interest in using such data to create added value. For instance, several attempts are being made to analyze the relevant search keywords that are frequently used on new portal sites and the words that are regularly mentioned on various social media in order to identify social issues. The technique of "topic analysis" is employed in order to identify topics and themes from a large amount of text documents. As one of the most prevalent applications of topic analysis, the technique of issue tracking investigates changes in the social issues that are identified through topic analysis. Currently, traditional issue tracking is conducted by identifying the main topics of documents that cover an entire period at the same time and analyzing the occurrence of each topic by the period of occurrence. However, this traditional issue tracking approach has two limitations. First, when a new period is included, topic analysis must be repeated for all the documents of the entire period, rather than being conducted only on the new documents of the added period. This creates practical limitations in the form of significant time and cost burdens. Therefore, this traditional approach is difficult to apply in most applications that need to perform an analysis on the additional period. Second, the issue is not only generated and terminated constantly, but also one issue can sometimes be distributed into several issues or multiple issues can be integrated into one single issue. In other words, each issue is characterized by a life cycle that consists of the stages of creation, transition (merging and segmentation), and termination. The existing issue tracking methods do not address the connection and effect relationship between these issues. The purpose of this study is to overcome the two limitations of the existing issue tracking method, one being the limitation regarding the analysis method and the other being the limitation involving the lack of consideration of the changeability of the issues. Let us assume that we perform multiple topic analysis for each multiple period. Then it is essential to map issues of different periods in order to trace trend of issues. However, it is not easy to discover connection between issues of different periods because the issues derived for each period mutually contain heterogeneity. In this study, to overcome these limitations without having to analyze the entire period's documents simultaneously, the analysis can be performed independently for each period. In addition, we performed issue mapping to link the identified issues of each period. An integrated approach on each details period was presented, and the issue flow of the entire integrated period was depicted in this study. Thus, as the entire process of the issue life cycle, including the stages of creation, transition (merging and segmentation), and extinction, is identified and examined systematically, the changeability of the issues was analyzed in this study. The proposed methodology is highly efficient in terms of time and cost, as it sufficiently considered the changeability of the issues. Further, the results of this study can be used to adapt the methodology to a practical situation. By applying the proposed methodology to actual Internet news, the potential practical applications of the proposed methodology are analyzed. Consequently, the proposed methodology was able to extend the period of the analysis and it could follow the course of progress of each issue's life cycle. Further, this methodology can facilitate a clearer understanding of complex social phenomena using topic analysis.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.396-407
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• 2020

As fossil fuels are depleted worldwide, alternative resources is required to replace fossil fuels, and biofuels are in the spotlight as alternative resources. Biofuels are produced from biomass, which is a renewable resource to produce biofuels or bio-chemicals. Especially, in order to substitute fossil fuels, the research focusing the biofuel (biodiesel) production based on CO₂ and biomass achieves more attention recently. To produce biomass-based biodiesel, the development of a supply chain network is required considering the amounts of feedstocks (ex, CO₂ and water) required producing biodiesel, potential locations and capacities of bio-refineries, and transportations of biodiesel produced at biorefineries to demand cities. Although many studies of the biomass-based biodiesel supply chain network are performed, there are few types of research handled the uncertainty in CO₂ supply which influences the optimal strategies of microalgae-based biodiesel production. Because CO₂, which is used in the production of microalgae-based biodiesel as one of important resources, is captured from the off-gases emitted in power plants, the uncertainty in CO₂ supply from power plants has big impacts on the optimal configuration of the biodiesel supply chain network. Therefore, in this study, to handle those issues, we develop the two-stage stochastic model to determine the optimal strategies of the biodiesel supply chain network considering the uncertainty in CO₂ supply. The goal of the proposed model is to minimize the expected total cost of the biodiesel supply chain network considering the uncertain CO₂ supply as well as satisfy diesel demands at each city. This model conducted a case study satisfying 10% diesel demand in the Republic of Korea. The overall cost of the stochastic model (US$ 12.9/gallon·y) is slightly higher (23%) than that of the deterministic model (US$ 10.5/gallon·y). Fluctuations in CO₂ supply (stochastic model) had a significant impact on the optimal strategies of the biodiesel supply network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2017

Rice consumption has been continuously decreasing as the eating habits of Koreans have become westernized and diversified. The per capita annual rice consumption in Korea has dropped sharply from 136.4 kg in 1970 to 61.9 kg in 2016. The Korean government, therefore, has been trying to promote rice consumption by invigorating the processed food industry using rice flour. To facilitate the market for processed rice foods, it is essential to develop proper milling technology in terms of flour particle size and damaged starch content to produce high quality rice flour at competitive cost. Dry milling and wet milling are the two major processes used to produce rice flour. Although the dry milling process is relatively simple with a lower production cost, damaged starch content increases because of the high grain hardness of rice. In wet milling, the quality of rice flour is improved by reducing flour particle size as well as damaged starch content through soaking procedures. However, the production costs are high because of the additional expenses associated with the disposal of waste water, sterilization and drying of the wet flour. Recently developed technologies such as jet milling and cryogenic milling also require expensive investment and production. Therefore, developing new rice cultivars with dry milling adaptability as well as good processing properties is an important goal of rice breeding in Korea. 'Suweon 542' is a floury endosperm mutant line derived from sodium azide treatment on a high-yield, early maturing, and non-glutinous japonica rice cultivar, 'Namil'. Compared with the wild type, after dry milling process, the grain hardness of 'Suweon 542' was significantly lower because of its round and loosely packed starch granules. Also, the flour of 'Suweon 542' had significantly smaller particles and less damaged starch than 'Namil' and other rice cultivars and its particle size distribution was similar to a commercial wheat cultivar. Recently, through collaborations with nine universities and food companies, a total of 21 kinds of processed prototypes, using the dry milling flour of 'Suweon 542', were evaluated. In the production of major rice processing products, there was no significant quality difference between the flours prepared by wet milling and dry milling. Although the amount of water added to the dough was slightly increased, it was confirmed that the recipe applying the wet flour could be used without significant change. To efficiently transfer the floury endosperm characteristics of 'Suweon 542' to other commercial rice cultivars, it is essential to develop DNA marker tightly linked to the target gene. Association analysis using 70 genome-wide SSR markers and 94 F2 plants derived from 'Suweon 542'/'Milyang 23' showed that markers on chromosome 5 explained a large portion of the variation in floury grains percentage (FGP). Further analysis with an increased number of SSR markers revealed that the floury endosperm of 'Suweon 542' was directed by a major recessive locus, flo7(t), located in the 19.33-19.86 Mbp region of chromosome 5, with RM18639 explaining 92.2% of FGP variation in the F2 population. Through further physical mapping, a co-segregate and co-dominant DNA marker with the locus, flo7(t) was successfully developed, by which, thereby, breeding efficiency of rice cultivars having proper dry milling adaptability with high yield potential or useful functional materials would be improved. 'Suweon 542' maintained the early maturity of the wild type, Namil, which can be used in rice-wheat double cropping systems in Korea not only for improved arable land but also for sharing flour production facilities. In addition to the high susceptibility against major rice diseases, nevertheless, another possible drawback of 'Suweon 542' is the high rate of viviparous under prolonged rainfall during the harvesting season. To overcome susceptibility and vivipary of 'Suweon 542', the progeny lines, derived from the crosses 'Suweon 542' and 'Jopyeong', an early maturing rice cultivar with multiple resistance against rice blast, bacterial blight, and rice strip virus, and 'Heugjinju', a anthocyanin pigment containing black rice cultivar, were intensively evaluated. As the outputs, three dry milling suitable rice elite lines, 'Jeonju614', 'Jeonju615', and 'Jeonju616' were developed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.50-60
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• 2010

For the last half a century, the personal computer and software industries have been prosperous due to the incessant evolution of computer systems. In the 21st century, the embedded system market has greatly increased as the market shifted to the mobile gadget field. While a lot of multimedia gadgets such as mobile phone, navigation system, PMP, etc. are pouring into the market, most industrial control systems still rely on 8-bit micro-controllers and simple application software techniques. Unfortunately, the technological barrier which requires additional investment and higher quality manpower to overcome, and the business risks which come from the uncertainty of the market growth and the competitiveness of the resulting products have prevented the companies in the industry from taking advantage of such fancy technologies. However, high performance, low-power and low-cost hardware and software platforms will enable their high-technology products to be developed and recognized by potential clients in the future. This paper presents such a platform for industrial embedded systems. The platform was designed based on Telechips TCC8300 multimedia processor which embedded a variety of parallel hardware for the implementation of multimedia functions. And open-source Embedded Linux, TinyX and GTK+ are used for implementation of GUI to minimize technology costs. In order to estimate the expected performance and power consumption, the performance improvement and the power consumption due to each of enabled hardware sub-systems including YUV2RGB frame converter are measured. An analytic model was devised to check the feasibility of a new application and trade off its performance and power consumption. The validity of the model has been confirmed by implementing a real target system. The cost can be further mitigated by using the hardware parts which are being used for mass production products mostly in the cell-phone market.