• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 1968

1. In pot exreriments, the leaf blades of rice plants grown on Akiochi soil were weakened and the leaves dropped noticeably. This phenomenon could be prevented with application of silicate materials such as potassium silicate, Wallastonite and silicate slag (normally used silicate fertilizer in Korea). 2. Grain yield was increased by application of all the silicate materials. The effect of wollastonite was not lower than the effect of silicate slag. 3. Basal application of wollastonite gives a higher effect on the grain yield than top dressing. With higher wollastonite application, the nitrogen effect on the grain yield increases. This increase in nitrogen effect becomes more pronounced when the nitrogen level is higher. 4. Silica content in the plant waas increased by application of silicate materials to the soil. The increase in silica content in the plant was most noticeable with wollastonite. Basal application of wollastonite proved to be more effective than top dressing. Iron and nitrogen content in the plant decreased by application of the silicate materials. 5. The application of the silicate materials to Akiochi soil increases the resistance of rice to leaf blast, neck blast and Helminthosporium leaf spot. Among the silicate materials, wollastonite was most effective. 6. Damage by leaf blast increased proportionally with the nitrogen level, but decreased clearly with increase in wollastonite level. This phenomon was most pronounced for late transplanting time. 7. Damage by Helminthosporium leaf spot was also proportionally reduced by wollastonite application.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.555-556
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to estimate compressive strength of concrete using granulated blast furnace slag. We used Sodium silicate, Potassium silicate, Barium hydroxide as alkali activators and Calcium hydroxide to develop water resistance.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.579-585
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf epidermal characteristics of horticultural crops viz., begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) 'Super Olympia Red' and 'Super Olympia Rose' and pansy (Viola ${\times}$ wittrockiana Hort.) 'Matrix White Blotch' and 'Matrix Yellow Blotch' in vitro. Seeds after germination were grown on a quarter strength MS medium supplemented with potassium silicate ($K_2SiO_3$) at 0, 100, 200, or $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and were maintained under a photoperiod of 16 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. Growth parameters such as plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, fresh, and dry weights have been recorded after a growth period of 58 days for begonia and 94 days for pansy. In begonia, fresh weight was significantly greatest in the $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment in both 'Super Olympia Red' and 'Super Olympia Rose'. In both pansy cultivars, fresh weight was the greatest in the $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than other treatments. Chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment for both the cultivars of begonia. Leaf area significantly increased with the higher concentrations of $K_2SiO_3$ treatment in both cultivars of pansy. Stomatal structures on the leaf epidermis were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In begonia 'Super Olympia Rose', the structure of stomata were more compact in size in the $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than in the control. Similarly, in pansy 'Matrix White Blotch' the surface of stomata appeared to be smoother in the $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than those wrinkled appearance in the control. The surface of the leaf epidermis appeared to be compact due to Si deposition, and thus results indicated that Si positively affected the growth and biomass production of these species. Our data show that the effect of Si on growth parameters is strongly dependent on cultivar of the plant species tested.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2016

Superintendents have used a silicate fertilizer to improve a resistance of turfgrass against several diseases, drought damage and wear stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid fertilizer containing silicate (LFSi) on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating visual quality, chlorophyll content-chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, root length, shoot length, dry weight of clipping, and nutrient content in leaves tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; control fertilizer (CF), SiF-1 (CF + $1ml\;m^{-2}$ LFSi), SiF-2 (CF + $2ml\;m^{-2}$ LFSi), and SiF-3 (CF + $4ml\;m^{-2}$ LFSi). As compared with CF, soil chemical properties, visual turfgrass quality, chlorophyll content, and dry weight of clipping of LFSi treatments were not significantly. Contrastingly, shoot density, root length, and the content of nitrogen or potassium were increased by application of LFSi. The content of Si in the tissue was positively correlated with potassium content or shoot length, and similarly shoot density positively with chlorophyll content or visual quality, respectively. These results suggested that the application of LFSi improved the turfgrass quality by increasing shoot density or K content in leaf tissue of creeping bentgrass.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.544-551
• /
• 2013

The effect of different silicon (Si) sources and methods of application on the growth of two chrysanthemum cultivars grown in a soilless substrate was investigated. Rooted terminal cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Lemmon Eye' and 'Pink Eye' were transplanted into pots containing a coir-based substrate. A nutrient solution containing 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si from calcium silicate ($CaSiO_3$), potassium silicate ($K_2SiO_3$) or sodium silicate ($Na_2SiO_3$) was supplied once a day through an ebb-and-flood sub irrigation system. A foliar spray of 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si was applied twice a week. Cultivar and application method had a significant effect on plant height. Cultivar, application method, and Si source had a significant effect on plant width. Of the three Si sources studied, $K_2SiO_3$ was found to be the best for the increasing number of flowers, followed by $CaSiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$. In both the cultivars, sub irrigational supply of Si developed necrotic lesions in the older leaves at the beginning of the flowering stage as compared to the control and foliar spray of Si. Cultivar, application method, Si source, and their interactions had significant influence on leaf tissue concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). The addition of Si to the nutrient solution decreased leaf tissue concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, Na, B, Cu, Fe, and Mn in both cultivars. The greatest Si concentration in leaf tissue was found in 'Lemmon Eye' ($1420{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and 'Pink Eye' ($1683{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) when $K_2SiO_3$ was applied through a sub irrigation system and by foliar spray, respectively.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2007

As a basic study for reusing converter slag as slow-release potassium fertilizer by a sintering process, powdery converter slag and reagent grade $SiO_2\;and\;K_2CO_3$ were mixed with ball mill above 24 hours and sintered at $900^{\circ}C{\sim}1000^{\circ}C\;for\;10{\sim}60$ min. Basicity of the mixed powder was controlled to 0.7, 1.0 and 1.4 and content of $K_2O$ was fixed with 22 mass%. After sintering, property of the potassium fertilizer was investigated with X-ray diffraction pattern and ICP analysis. Also effects of basicity, sintering temperature and time on the making slow-release potassium fertilizer was investigated. Water solubility of KBO in sample were decreased with sintering time, temperature and decreased with basicity. Citric acid solubility of $K_2O$ were increased with basicity and decreased with sintering temperature.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.306-311
• /
• 1998

Effects of soluble silicon and surfactants on the development of powdery mildew of cucumber were tested for environmentally safe powdery mildew control. Tested soluble silicon was potassium silicate$(K_2SiO_3)$ and tested commercial surfactants were Jeonchakje, Silhouette, Kaba, and Tween 20. Tested concentrations were 2, 4, 8, 16mM for the soluble silicon, 0.5 and 1.0% for Tween 20, 0.05 and 0.1% for both Jeonchakje and Kaba, and 0.03 and 0.07% for Silhouette. Water dilutions of tested materials were sprayed on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves once a week for 4 weeks. From 3 days after the second spray, the diseased area and the numbers of fungal colony were measured from the treated leaves for 6 times at 3-4 days interval. Powdery mildew was less severe on treated cucumber compared to distilled water-treated cucumber (check). In all treatments, diseased area index was proportional to the number of the fungal colony. At the end of investigation, there was severe powdery mildew on check cucumbers. Average 30% of a leaf was colonized by powdery mildew fungus and the average number of the fungal colony per leaf reached to more than 70. On the other hand, none of the treated cucumber suffered severe powdery mildew. The treatments including 8 and 16mM of soluble silicon, doubled concentration of Kaba, and 0.5 and 1.0% of Tween 20 showed more than 80% of control effect compared to water-treated cucumber. In addition, no phytotoxicity was found. Potassium silicate and Tween 20 showed the possibility to replace chemical pesticides for the control of powdery mildew.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate a potential utilitization of multivariate statistical analysis(Factor analysis, Discrimination analysis) on interpretation of rice plant lodging reason. Rice plants were sampled in paddy around Taegu city at from 25 to 29 of September in 2000. Mineral nutrient content(phosphate, potassium) of rice plant were significantly higher at 99% level, Silicate content were lower at 95% level in lodged samples than in normal. Plant characteristics associate with lodging(Culm length, second and third internode length, bight of center gravity) were significantly longer in lodged rice plant than in non lodged. Result of Factor analysis were that first principle component were culm length, second(N2) and third internode length(N3), second principle component were Ca content, first internode length(N1) and N3/culm length, third principle component were center gravity length(G) and G/culm length, fourth were nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium content, fifth were N2/culm length, N2+N3/culm length, Sixth was silicate content of rice plant. Linear discriminant equation distinguished lodged rice plants with non lodged rice plants very well. Prediction value was 100%, most explainable variable were phosphate content, culm length and third length.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.445-451
• /
• 2008

In order to regenerate the activated carbon polluted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using microwave, adsorption and desorption characteristics of benzene over activated carbon (AC) coated with insulating materials were investigated. Physical characteristics of activated carbon and insulator-coated ACs were investigated by means of $N_2$ gas adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of VOC adsorbed showed a positive relationship with the specific surface area of the ACs, and spark discharge over insulator-coated ACs did not occur. Potassium silicate (PS) was the best binder for coating of insulating materials on AC. Amount of benzene desorbed by microwave irradiation was dependent on output power of microwave. Nearly same performance was obtained even though the adsorption-desorption operation under microwave irradiation was repeated 5 times. Finally, it was known that the microwave heating was a very effective mean for regenerating the polluted AC.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 1975

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of two methods of applying potassium fertilizer to rice. One basic application was compared with the split of same total quantity into four applications as follows: 15 days after transplanting (40%), Ear formation stage (30%), 13 days before heading (20%) and 7 days after heading (10%) Each of these two treatments was carried out on both untreated soil and soil to which wollastonite and lime material had been added. The number of ripened grains or the 1,000 grain weight was increased by application of potassium to untreated soil. However, on soil treated with lime and wollastonite only the number of total grains was increased by potassium application. In both cases, split application of the potassium was more affective than a single basic application. No significant increase in yield was obtained from a single basic application of potassium. However, split application of the same total quantity of potassium did give a significant increase in yield. A negative correlation was found between the content of $K_2O$ and that of other nutrients in the rice plant at two stages of growth. Significant negative correlation was obtained between the content of $K_2O$ and magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen at ear formation stage, and between the content of $K_2O$ and calcium and silicate including magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen at heading stage. This result also indicated that the depression of uptake of phosphorus and magnesium at ear formation stage and that of calcium and silicate at heading stage were decreased by potassium split application. However, the degression of uptake of nitrogen at ear formation stage and that of magnesium at heading stage were increased by potassium split application.