• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1999

Sodium restricted diets are known to lower blood pressure in salt sensitive, hypertensive patients. Thare is increasing evidence that potassium plays an important role as a protective factor in the regulation of blood pressure. The objective of the current study was to measure parameters of sodium, potassium, and chloride utilization as affected by feeding of substantial quantities of bread made from whole ground white torn meal, whole ground yellow corn meal, and whole ground wheat flour. The breads provided 40 percent of a caloric content of the constant, measured laboratory diet. The 28-day study was divided into an introductory period of 7-days and three experimental periods of 7-days each. Order of assignment to specific treatments for 12 healthy subjects were according to a complete randomized block design. Yellow corn bread diets resulted in the highest potassium retention (243 mg/day) and the lowest urinary sodium and potassium ratio (1.53 $\pm$ 0.26) numerically in comparison to the other test breads. The excretions of sodium and chloride were higher during controlled feeding periods than during the self-selected diet period(p < 0.05). This indicates a response to the higher intake of these electrolytes from the experimental diets than from self-selected diets. There was no significant difference in the effect of white corn bread, yellow corn bread, or whole wheat bread diet on electrolyte status in humans. However, the yellow corn bread diet resulted in a somewhat more favorable urina교 sodium to potassium ratio than that from white corn bread or whole wheat bread diet.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.501-512
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• 1999

We analyzed the contents of 12 types of minerals such as calcium in muscle from various species. Thereafter we observed changes of the concentrations according to age, part and sex in major domestic animals. The concentrations of calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and zinc were high respectively whilst the content of cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum and nickel were low respectively in the muscle. The concentration of calcium was high in duck and dog but low in pig and horse. Also high level of sodium content was detected in dog and the content of potassium, iron showed high level in horse compared with the content in other animals. In 6 types of microminerals as cobalt, the level of muscle were no more than 1 ppm showing very low content in all animal, but $2.99{\pm}0.85$ppm of copper in duck was an exceptional case. According to the age some species showed small range of variation centering on macrominerals and there was no remarkable change in microminerals. Distribution of minerals was different according to the part and the variation was very diverse compared with other factors such as age and sex. Additionally, the content of minerals in muscle was higher in female than in male chicken and duck. In conclusion, the difference of the content of minerals according to the species was mainly focused on macrominerals.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cultivar development. Therefore, there are limited information for farmers to cope with the reduction in productivity due to various physiological disorders and premature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit orchard soil management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing 'Hayward' (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical properties of kiwi orchards were generally higher than the recommended level, except for pH, and especially, the exchangeable potassium reached about 300% of the recommended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic content, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three percent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a significantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium content, but showed a significantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was significantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110 g. CONCLUSION(S): For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids (sugar compounds) content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acidity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and magnesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1982

흰쥐에 마그네슘을 첨가 사육하여 전해질 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였든 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 성장은 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 실험군(實驗群)의 경우 마그네슘을 0.4 mg 첨가 사육시킨 C군(群)만이 더 좋았고 나머지 군(群)은 모두 낮았다. 2. 혈장(血漿)을 분석한 결과(結果) 나트륨은 실험군(實驗群)의 암수 모두 B군(群)에서 높았으며 칼륨은 실험군(實驗群)의 경우 암컷은 B군(群), 숫컷은 C군(群)에서, 칼슘의 경우 암컷은 B군(群), 수컷은 C군(群)에서 각각 높게 나타났다. 3. 근육내(筋肉內) 전해질(電解質) 량(量)은 나트륨의 경우 실험군(實驗群) B군(群)에서 암수 모두 높았으며, 칼륨의 경우 암컷은 B군(群)에서 수컷은 C군(群)에서 높았으며, 칼슘의 경우 암컷은 B군(群)에서 수컷은 D군(群)에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 4. 흰쥐의 성장(成長)과 전해질분포(電解質分布)에 마그네슘이 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

질소와 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배 (1988년 ; Burley 21. 1989년 ; Burley 21과 KB 101 )의 내용성분과 물리성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 질소 3수준( 1988년 ; 17.5, 22. 75, 28.0kg/10a, 1989년 ; 12.5, 17.5, 22.5kg/10a), 가리 3수준 (1988년 ; 17.5, 35.0, 52.5kg/10a, 1989년 : 25.0, 35.0, 45.0 kg/10a)을 두어 포장에서 시험 한 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Burley 21에 비하여 KB 101이 전질소 및 전알칼로이드 함량, 가리 /전질소 함량비가 낮았던 반면, 명도, 적색도, 황색도 및 부풀성이 높았다. 2. 전질소 및 전알칼로이드 함량은 질소를 22.75kg/10a까지 시용할 때는 증가폭이 컸으나 22.75kg/10a을 초과하여 시용할 때는 증가폭이 완만하였다. 또한 질소시용량 증가에 의하여 건엽의 가리함량, 가리/전질소 함량비, 부풀성 및 부스러짐 저항성지수가 낮아졌다. 3. 가리시용량 증가에 의하여 건엽의 가리용량과 부스러짐 저항성지수는 높아졌다. 4. 건엽의 가리/전질소 함량비에 미치는 영향은 가리시용량보다는 질소시용량이 컸다. 5. 질소시용량이 22.75kg/10a을 초과할 때, 잎담배의 품질과 이화학성에 유리한 점은 없었으며, 가리시용량은 현행 시비량인 35.0kg/10a 이면 충분할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 1977

사역토에 대한 질소분시와 가리분시 질소, 가리 혼합분시가 수도의 수량형질 및 생리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수도 생육기간 동안 관행에 비하여 실소분시하였을 경우 20%, 가리분시하였을 경우 18%, 질소, 가리혼합분시하였을 경우 22%의 증수 효과가 있었다. 2. 수도근의 생리적활력은 가리분시에 의하여 높았다. 3. 엽신 엽연소함양과 미분함량은 질소분시에 의하여 증가되였다. 4. $\alpha$-naphthylamine에 의한 상위근 산화력과 엽록소함량과는 정의 상관관계가 있었다. 5. 수도체 가리합량과 미분함량과는 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 6. 무기영양함량은 관행에 비하여 질소, 가리 혼합분시에 의하여 수도체내 영양균형을 이루어 수도생육에 좋은 영향을 미치고 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary protein and caffeine consumption levels on Ca, P, Na and K metabolism. One hundred twenty rats were divided into twelve groups according to age, protein level and caffeine consumption such as group(120-130g young rat, 250-300g adult rat) , dietary protein group (20% normal protein , 85 low protein) , caffeine consumption group(0, 3.5mg, 7.0mg). Low protein diet containing high caffeine levels caffeine levels increased calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents of urine and fecal in rats. Young rat has higher level of calcium, phosphorus , sodium and potassium than adult rat. In the serum, calcium contents were not affected by age, dietary protein levels and caffeine consumption . However, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents of serum in adult rat were higher than young rat. In the liver, potassium decreased with decreasing dietary protein levels. In the kidney, calcium , phosphorus and potassium contents were not different by age group, dietary protein levels and caffeine consumption , but sodium content was significantly reduced in the adult rat.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1979

석회(石灰)의 시용(施用)과 가리(加里)의 기추비량(基追肥量)과의 관계(關係)를 밝히기 위(爲)하여 갈색(褐色) plastic pot에 수도(水稻) 밀양(密陽)21호(號)를 심어서 시기별(時期別)로 생육(生育) 상황(狀況)을 관찰 조사하는 동시(同時), 토양(土壤)과 식물체(植物體)를 분석(分析)하고 또 식물체(植物體)의 건물중(乾物重) (정조중포함(正租重包含))을 조사(調査)한 바 그 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1. 무석회집구(無石灰集區)에서 보나 석회집구(石灰集區)에서 영양생육(營養生育)이 양호(良好)한 편이였으며 가리(加里)가 기추비(基追肥)로 분시(分施)되었을 경우 후자(后者)에서 정조(正租) 수량(收量)이 높았다. 2. 무가리구(無加里區)에서는 이앙(移秧) 약(約)20일후(日后)까지 생육(生育)이나 가리(加里)의 함량(含量)이 타구(他區)와 비슷했으나 그 이후(以后)에 차이(差異)가 크게 벌어져서 수확기(收穫期)에 가서는 타구(他區)의 몇분의 1에 불과(不過)하였고 정조수량(正租收量)도 매우 적어졌다. 이 경향(傾向)은 석회집구(石灰集區)에서 더 심(甚) 하였다. 3. 무석회집구(無石灰集區)에서는 가리(加里)의 기비량(基肥量)이 많을수록 증수(增收)하여 전량(全量)을 기비(基肥)로 했을 때 최다정조(最多正租) 수량(收量)이 되었는데 석회집구(石灰集區)에서는 가리(加里)의 기비량(基肥量)이 $\frac{2}{3}$이상(以上)이 되고 추비량(追肥量)이 줄면 생식생장기(生殖生長期)에 가서 식물체(植物體)의 가리함량(加里含量)이 낮아지고 분벽자당(分蘗子當) 생산능력(生産能力)이 떨어져서 저수(低收)가 되었다. 특(特)히 추비(追肥)없이 전량(全量)을 기비(基肥)로 했을 때는 더 심(甚)하여 무가리구(無加里區) 정도(程度)의 정조수량(正租收量)밖에 생산(生産)하지 못했다. "pot 재배(栽培)이었기 때문에 무추비(無追肥)의 피해(被害)는 더욱 컸던 것 같다 ". 4. 가리(加里)의 흡수(吸收) 장해(障害)를 빨리 심(甚)하게 유발한 가능성(可能性)이 있는 조건(본시험(本試驗) 무석회집구(無石灰集區)와 같은 조건(條件))하(下)에서는 가리(加里)의 기비량(基肥量)을 많이 해야하며 석회집구(石灰集區)에서와 같이 吸收障害(흡수장해)를 가져올 염려(念慮)가 적으면서 가리(加里)의 절대량(絶對量)이 부족(不足)한 조건하(條件下)에서는 상당량(相當量)의 가리(加里)를 기비(基肥)로 시용(施用)하는 동시(同時) 일부(一部)를 추비(追肥)로도 시용(施用)해야 한다고 할 수 있다. 5. 생식생장기(生殖生長期)에 가리함량(加里含量)이 높은 벼가 평균풍건중(平均風乾重)이 무거운 분벽자(分蘗子)(수확기(收穫期))를 만들고 더 무거운 분벽자(分蘗子)가 정조(正租) 생산능력(生産能力)(정조(正租)/짚 중량비(重量比))이 커서 더 많은 정조(正租)를 생산(生産)하였다. 6. 식물(植物)의 생육(生育)이 왕성(旺盛)한 시기(時期)(7월(月)29일(日) 이내(以內))에는 토양(土壤)의 E. C값과 벼의 가리(加里) 흡수량간(吸收量間)에는 정상관(正相關)이 있었다. 이로 보아 영양생장기말경(營養生長期末頃)에는 가리(加里)의 추비량(追肥量)을 많이해도 무방(無妨)할 것이며 이때 충분량(充分量)을 추비(追肥)하는 것이 식물체(植物體)의 가리함량(加里含量)을 높여서 증수(增收)하는 방법(方法)이 될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the chromosomal locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with chemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). One hundred sixty four recombinant inbred lines (MGRILs) of $F_{11}$ were derived from the cross between Milyang 23, Tongil type, and Gihobyeo, japonica type. They were evaluated for 7 traits of chemical property in rice. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits examined. Eight significant QTLs were detected (LOD$\geq$2.0) for five traits, including two QTLs for amylose content, two QTLs for potassium content, one QTL for ratio of magnesium to potassium, one QTL for fat content and two QTLs for ash content. Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 7.2% to 14.4%. However, no significant QTL was detected for magnesium and protein contents. In amylose content and ash content M alleles originated from Milyang 23 were responsible for increasing these traits and J alleles originated from Gihobyeo also responsible for increasing these traits. Pleiotropic effects of single QTLs on different traits are observed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.151-161
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• 1981

The objective of this study was to compare the electrolytes contents in skeletal muscles of two different groups of rats, one for control fed 20% casein diet, and the other experimental group recovered from 7% casein diet as protein restriction feeding for two weeks at the beginning of this experiment. Two different comparison criteria were used in this study, one for comparison between animals at the same age groups and the other between groups weighing same body weight as the control groups. Food consumption of animals for experimental and control groups were ad libitum. Following measurement and samples were collected: body weight, five different muscles-anterior tibialis (A.T.) extensor digitorium longus (E.D.L.) soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius-for electrolytes and protein analysis. The experimental groups showed lower body weight than that of control group. Same trend was showen in protein content in five different muscles. Magnesium and potassium content in four muscles except gastrocnemius showed lower and sodium higher in experimental groups than those in control group at fourteenth day, after recovery from protein restriction, electrolytes content change showed differently in four muscles. Magnesium and potassium contents were increased as protein content in diet. Sodium content decreased as one week intake of recovery diet started, thereafter it was rather slowly increased. Phosphorus content in gastrocnemius at the second week in experimental group was slightly lower than that of control group, and it recovered rapider while at the same body weight group it was higher in experimental group.