• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2008

본 연구는 돈육 패티 제조 시 첨가되는 NaCl 일부를 KCl, potassium lactate, potassium lactate 및 calcium ascorbate로 각각 40%, 30%, 30% 대체하였을 때 돈육 패티의 이화학적 특성과 관능 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. NaCl을 KCl과 calcium ascorbate로 대체하였을 때 제조된 돈육 패티의 가열감량을 줄이고 지방산화와 미생물의 성장을 억제하였으며, 색과 관능적 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 저염 육제품의 개발 시 NaCl의 대체제로서 KCl과 calcium ascorbate의 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 하지만 potassium lactate는 지질 산화와 미생물의 성장 억제효과가 있었고 육색과 관능적 특성에 영향을 주지 않았으나, 가열감량이 저장 초기와 4일에 대조구와 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타나 NaCl 대체제로 사용하기 위해서는 첨가량을 조절할 필요가 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1976

부산시해운대연안에서 1975년 6월 23일 채취한 진두발, 지누아리 및 돌가사리의 3종류의 홍조류를 시료로 하여 이들 원조의 carrageenan함량과 이로부터 추출한 carrageenan의 $SO_4$ 및 3,6-anhydrogalactose의 함량, KCl 용액에 대한 용해도, KCl 논도별에 따라 분획한 획분의 3,6-anhydrogalactose의 함량에 대하여 조사검토하였다. 1. 원조별 carrageenan의 함량은 진두발이 가장 높고, 다음이 돌가사리, 지누아리의 순이었으며, 모두 $35\%$이상의 높은 함량을 보였다. 2. Carrageenan의 $SO_4$함량은 지누아리, 진두발, 돌가사리의 순으로 높았고, 3,6-anhydrogalactose의 함량은 반대로 돌가사리, 진두발, 지누아리의 순으로 높았다. 3. Carrageenan의 KCl 용액에 대한 용해도를 보면, 0.125 M KCl 농도에서 침전하는 비율은 진두발, 지누아리, 돌가사리의 Carrageenan 순으로 높았고, $0.125M\~2.0M$ KCl 농도에서 침전하는 비율은 돌가사리, 지누아리, 진두발의 carrageenan 순으로 높았으며, 2.0 M 이상의 KCl 농도에서도 용존하는 비율은 지누아리, 돌가사리, 진두발의 carrageenan 순으로 높았다. 4. Carrageenan을 0.0625 M와 0.25 M의 KCl 농도범위에서 3획분으로 분획하였을때, 각 획분의 수율은 진두발 및 돌가사리 carrageenan은 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 지누아리 carrageenan은 앞의 2종류에 비하여 가용획분의 수율이 많이 높았다. 5. 각획분의 $SO-4$ 및 3,6-anhydrogalactos 의 함량은 역상관관계를 나타내었고, KCl에 대한 용해도가 큰 획분일수록 $SO-4$ 함량이 높고 3, 6-angydrogalactose의 함량이 낮았다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

시멘트 제조 공정에서 발생하는 바이패스 더스트는 지정폐기물로서 고가의 처리비용이 요구되고 있다. 바이패스 더스트의 주성분은 KCl이며, KCl은 주로 비료에 사용되고 있다. 비료에 사용하기 위해서는 pH 수준이 중성 혹은 약산성 이어야 한다. 그러나 바이패스 더스트의 pH는 12.0~12.5 수준으로, 또다른 전처리 없이 비료로 사용될 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 시멘트 바이패스 더스트에서 KCl을 수득하는 과정 중, 이산화탄소를 사용하여 산화칼슘을 제거하고, 동시에 pH 변화량을 제어하고자 하였다. 탄산화시험기 내부 분위기를 $25^{\circ}C$-50RH%로 고정한 후, 이산화탄소 20 vol% 조건에서 0~7시간으로 유지하고, 각 시간별 산화칼슘 함량 및 pH 값을 분석하였다. 이산화탄소 유지시간 증가에 따라 산화칼슘 함량 및 pH 값은 감소하였으며, 6시간 경과 후 pH 값은 7에 근접하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 제철 및 시멘트 제조공정에서 발생하는 부산물을 재활용하기 위한 기초 연구로 시약급 Na2SO4와 KCl을 사용하여 K2SO4를 제조하였다. K2SO4 제조 시 최적조건을 도출하기 위해 Na2SO4와 KCl의 몰 비율, 용액의 포화도 및 교반 온도를 제어하였으며, 주사전자현미경, X-선 회절분석기 등을 사용하여 수득시료의 미세구조 관찰 및 결정성을 분석·평가하였다. 순수 K2SO4를 수득할 수 있는 구간은 Na2SO4와 KCl의 몰 비율 1:6-18, 용액의 포화도 160% 이하, 교반 온도 20℃, 50℃이었다. 또한 K2SO4의 높은 결정성 확보 및 최종 수득량 증대, 에너지 소모 최소화를 고려한 최적 조건은 Na2SO4와 KCl의 몰 비율 1:6, 용액의 포화도 140%, 교반 온도 20℃이었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1994

The ground pork patties were made to add two level of sodium chloride(2.5%, 3.0%) and replace part(50%) of the sodium chloride(NaCl) with either potassium chloride(KCl), magnesium chloride(MgCl2) or calcium chloride(CaCl2). These samples were analyzed for their chemical composition, VBN value, TBA value, microbial counts, and cooking loss. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was more desirable in saltness than the ground pork with NaCl 3.0%. Replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride was more desirable to flavor, color, juiciness, and overall acceptability than replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋KCI 1.60% had higher pH value than the ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋MgCl2 0.67% or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% had lower VBN value than the ground pork with either NaCl 1.25%＋KCI 1.60%, NaCl 1.25% ＋ MgCl2 0.67%, or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.67% had higher increase in total colony count than the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.79%. Cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was lowest and cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ KCl 1.60% was highest. Potassium chloride would not be a substitute for sodium chloride in cooking loss and total colony count but potassium chloride more closely approximated the sensory properties of sodium chloride than either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권7호
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• pp.867-874
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• 2015

Separation of cesium chloride (CsCl) and strontium chloride ($SrCl_2$) from the lithium chloride-potassium chloride (LiCl-KCl) salt was studied using a melt crystallization process similar to the reverse vertical Bridgeman growth technique. A ternary $SrCl_2-LiCl-KCl$ salt was explored at similar growth rates (1.8-5 mm/h) and compared with CsCl ternary results to identify similarities. Quaternary experiments were also conducted and compared with the ternary cases to identify trends and possible limitations to the separations process. In the ternary case, as much as 68% of the total salt could be recycled per batch process. In the quaternary experiments, separation of Cs and Sr was nearly identical at the slower rates; however, as the growth rate increased, $SrCl_2$ separated more easily than CsCl. The quaternary results show less separation and rate dependence than in both ternary cases. As an estimated result, only 51% of the total salt could be recycled per batch. Furthermore, two models have been explored to further understand the growth process and separation. A comparison of the experimental and modeling results reveals that the nonmixed model fits reasonably well with the ternary and quaternary data sets. A dimensional analysis was performed and a correlation was identified to semipredict the segregation coefficient.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2017

The vascular actions and mechanisms of taurine were investigated in the isolated human radial artery (RA). RA rings were suspended in isolated organ baths and tension was recorded isometrically. First, a precontraction was achieved by adding potassium chloride (KCl, 45 mM) or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, $30{\mu}M$) to organ baths. When the precontractions were stable, taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) was added cumulatively. Antagonistic effect of taurine on calcium chloride ($10{\mu}M$ to 10 mM) -induced contractions was investigated. Taurine-induced relaxations were also tested in the presence of the $K^+$ channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium (1 mM), glibenclamide ($10{\mu}M$) and 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). Taurine did not affect the basal tone but inhibited the contraction induced by 5-HT and KCl. Calcium chloride-induced contractions were significantly inhibited in the presence of taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) (p<0.05). The relaxation to taurine was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (p<0.05). However, glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine did not affect taurine -induced relaxations. Present experiments show that taurine inhibits 5-HT and KCl -induced contractions in RA, and suggest that large conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels may be involved in taurine -induced relaxation of RA.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2017

Chemical Mechanical Polishing of chemically stable sapphire substrates is dominantly affected by the mechanical processing of abrasives, in terms of the material removal rate. In this study, we investigated the effect of electrostatic force between the abrasives and substrate, on the polishing. If potassium chloride (KCl) is added to slurry, water molecules are decomposed into $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions, and the amount of ions in the slurry changes. The zeta potential of the abrasives decreases with an increase in the amount of $H^+$ ions in the stern layer; consequently, the electrostatic force between the abrasives and substrate decreases. The change in zeta potential of abrasives in the slurry is affected by the slurry pH. In acidic zones, the amount of ions bound to the abrasives increases if the amount of $H^+$ ions is increased by adding KCl. However, in basic zones, there is no change in the corresponding amount. In acidic zones, zeta potential decreases as molar concentration of potassium increases; however, it does not change significantly in basic zones. The removal rate tends to decrease with increase in molar amount of potassium in acidic zones, where zeta potential changes significantly. However, in basic zones, the removal rate does not change with zeta potential. The tendencies of zeta potential and that of the frictional force generated during polishing show strong correlation. Through experiments, it is confirmed that the contact probability of abrasives changes according to the electrostatic force generated between the abrasives and substrate, and variation in removal rate.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2005

Higher level of KCl application stimulated both leaf area index and leaf area duration in all cassava varieties, while the leaf and tuber number of the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties) decreased in proportion to the level of KCl application. The root/shoot (R/S) ratio and harvest index (HI) were negatively related with the level of KCl application in all cassava varieties. The bitter varieties obtained the lowest R/S ratio at the level of 100 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) acquired the highest values at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Also, the sweet varieties showed the lowest HI at the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, but the bitter varieties at the level of 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. At 6 - 8 months after planting, the sweet varieties tended to obtain higher starch content of roots (tubers) at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the bitter varieties at the level of 150 - 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Relatively lower level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was more appropriate for decreasing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of roots (tubers) in the sweet varieties at the harvest time, and the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was adequate to decrease not only HCN content of leaves but also that of roots (tubers) in the bitter varieties during the growing period. To obtain higher yield and starch content of tubers, and lower HCN content of roots (tubers), it was recommended that the sweet varieties are applied with the level of 50 - 100 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ and the bitter varieties with the level of 150 - 200 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, respectively, in Latosol soils of Bogor areas, West Java.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2010

The zinc electroplating with respect to the chloride concentration was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and cathodic polarization measurement. The cathodic overpotential during electroplating was first decreased and then increased with increase of chloride concentration in electrolyte. The decreased cathodic overpotential leads to preferred orientation of (002) plane, high current efficiency and satisfactory zinc deposits. The increased cathodic overpotential causes random orientation, low current efficiency and edge burning. The cathodic overpotential was affected by chloride concentration in electrolyte, not by the kind of chloride, such as NaCl and KCl. An optimized chloride concentration was 3 M for zinc electroplating. Also, it is considered that NaCl can be a alternation for KCl as a main salt of zinc electroplating bath.