• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2191-2204
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• 1993

A sensor system has been developed to measure the posture(position and orientation) of mobile robots working in industrial environments. The proposed sensor system consists of a CCD camera, retro-reflective landmarks, a strobe unit and an image processing board. The proposed hardware system can be built in economic price compared to commercial vision systems. The system has the capability of measuring the posture of mobile robots within 60 msec when a 386 personal computer is used as the host computer. The experimental results demonstrated a remarkable performance of the proposed sensor system in the posture measurement of mobile robots - the average error in position is less than 3 mm and the average error in orientation is less than 1.5.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.7
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• pp.940-945
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• 2018

In this study, we make a study on a system to determine a person's sitting posture by measuring the distribution of pressure in the floor of a chair or in a cushion using pressure sensors. If the wrong sitting posture is detected, a warning message is given through the vibration motor in real time to correct the imbalance of the wrong habits and posture, and prevent Bulging disc or Herniated disc.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1998

This study was conducted to sense posture of an autonomous tractor using a DGPS, a gyro compass, and a potentiometer. Posture sensing system was constructed and its accuracy was evaluated. The accuracy of DGPS was evaluated under stationary and moving conditions, and the performance of the gyro compass and the potentiometer was investigated by measuring bearing and steering angles, respectively. Also, the effect of DGPS interference by obstacles was evaluated experimentally. The position accuracy was about 6.6cm(95%) under the stationary condition and 10 cm at sharp turning condition. Steering angle of the tractor could be related linearly to the output of the potentiometer that was installed on the rotating center of a knuckle arm. The positioning accuracy of the DGPS varied significantly according to the number of visible GPS satellites, but was good with more than 7 satellites. The DGPS gave bad solutions for sensing the posture of tractor when signals from satellites or the correction data from the base were interfered by obstacles.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the leg length Inequality, habitual posture, and pain in women's college students. Methods: The subjects were 281 students, in 8 women's college in Korea. The tapelines were used for measuring leg length Inequality and questionnaires were used for measuring habitual posture, and pain. The data were collected between August and October 2010 and analyzed using SPSSWIN 11.5. length Inequality(<1 cm). The subjects of 2.8% were the length differences of above 2cm. The worst habitual posture were leaning habits. Especially, the habits of crossing her legs were significantly different to leg length Inequality(F=3.342, $p$=.037). The subjects of 84% were felt a severe pain on the upper body such as waist, back, scapula, neck or shoulder. But there is no difference between pain and leg length Inequality. Habitual posture are related to pain(r=.212, $p$=.001). Conclusion: To protect the severe health problem of musculoskeletal system, this study results will be give aid to health education in women's college students.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Forward Head Posture(FHP) and Craniomandlbular Disorders(CMDs). Many studies reported that there was some relationship between them, however, there is still controversy. So It Is necessary to observe and compare many more patients with CMDs wirh normal controls. For the study 85 patients with CMDs and 37 dental students were selected as experimentals and controls, respectively. And the experimentals were classified Into two groups, that is, TMJ internal derangement group and muscle disorders group according to clinical diagnosis. For measuring the FHP, CROM(Cervical-Range-of-Notion)was used. This goniometer is composed of three part. First, gravity goniometer for flexion and extension. Second, magnetic compass and yoke for rotational movement. And last, forward head arm and vertebra locator for forward head posture. Next T-Scan, electronic occlusal analyzer, was used for recording of occlusal contact state. Other items such as maximum opening, lateral excursion, Helkimo's anamnestic index, and muscle palpation point from Friction's craniomandibular index were checked clinically by one examiner. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In male, control group showed much more measurement in resting forward head posture than did experimental group. But there were not significant differences between groups in female subject. From this results, the author contended that CROM is new measuring system and differ from other goniometers in some aspect, so that results should be re-evaluated 2. Mean value of maximum mouth opening in nearly all groups were greater than 40mm. and mouth opening had a significant correlation with occlusal force and with anamnestic index both sex. 3. Mean value of palpation point had not any correlationship with forward head posture in both sex, but there was significant difference between upper and lower group by rounded shouldes. 4. In summary, there was no significant relationship between forward head posture and sign and symptom of Craniomandibular Disorders.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of the transverse abdominal muscle resulting from changed posture by measuring the thickness of the transverse abdominal muscle in a supine posture, a slouched sitting posture, and an erect sitting posture. The subjects of the study were 28 patients with cerebral palsy. All their transverse abdominal muscles at the end of inhalation were measured at supine, slouched sitting (S sitting) and erect sitting (E sitting) postures by using ultrasonography, and then their dynamic sitting balance was measured at S sitting and E sitting postures by using BioRescue. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare the differences among each the postures. The results were as follows. The thickness of the transverse abdominal muscle when comparing the supine posture and the S sitting posture showed no statistically significant difference. But the E sitting posture showed a statistically significant difference as compared with the others. In addition, the dynamic sitting balance in comparing the S sitting and E sitting postures showed a significant difference. In conclusion, the E sitting posture has a more positive effect on postural control and balance than generally taking the S sitting posture, for the sitting posture of a patient with cerebral palsy. It is suggested that patients with cerebral palsy mainly experiencing a sedentary life or being in a wheelchair should be seated in the E sitting posture during their daily life, and it may be necessary to continue to monitor and manage the proper E sitting posture.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

Background: This study was to investigate effects of Correlation Analysis between Cervical-Vertebra Angle and Neck Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, Sternocleidomastoid Thickness of Patients with Forward Head Posture Design: Correlation Analysis. Methods: The subjects of this study were a total of 54 people in the forward head position and their ages were between 30 and 50 years old. The subjects cranio-vertebral angles, neck extension, neck flexion, neck rotation angles, neck flexor strength, neck extensor strength, sternocleidomastoid thickness were evaluated through measuring instruments. The thickness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was measured using an imaging ultrasound diagnostic device (ultra sound, Versana Premier, GE Medical systems, China). CVA was measured by measuring the side photo of the subject was taken with a camera and evaluated.. neck joint range of motion was measured through digital inclinometer for extension, flexion, and neck rotation. neck muscle strength was measured by measuring the using a digital sthenometer. Data analysis in this study was statistically processed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., USA). Correlation analysis was used and the statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The results neck extension(r= 0.70^**), neck flexion(r= 0.67^**), neck rotation(r= 0.56^**), neck extensor muscle strengt(r= 0.85^**), neck flexor muscle strength(r= 0.66^**), sternocleidomastoid thicknes(r= -0.81^**) It indicates that there is a correlation. Conclusion:These results improve the Cervical-vertebra angle of patients with forward head posture should include a program to improve the thickness of the SCM. In the future, study can be used as an evidentiary material for treatment interventions to improve the Cervical-vertebra angle of patients with forward head posture.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.700-704
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• 1989

A robotic system with a 3-dimensional profile measuring sensor is developed in order to measure the complicated shape of the target body. Due to this 3-dimensional profile measuring sensor, a computer is able to adjust the posture of the robot hand so that complicated global profile of the target body can be recognized after several measurements from the variant directions. In order to enable fast data processing, a digital signal processor and a look-up table is introduced.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is body parameters characteristics through posture analysis system of musculoskeletal problem patient Methods : Posture analysis system were performed for 164 patients to measure body parameters such as Q-angle, body inclination, neck inclination, PCMT(posterior cervical muscle tension), Knee flexion and posture balance. Statistical analysis using statistical analysis techniques and Pearson correlation coefficients was performed to assess the body parameters obtained by posture analysis system. Results : More than half of people out of 164 reported low back pain, 34.8% of the total was found to have neck pain. There was not a significant difference between genders from the characteristics of gender based body parameters expect for the statistical difference in Q angle, PCMT. There was a significant correlation between low back pain and multiple response status. There was a significant correlations between knee pain and Q angle. Also There was a significant correlations between pelvic pain and posture balance of ankle. Conclusions : Posture analysis system can be used to perform the analysis in place of X-ray measuring body posture and clinical parameters. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for further research on the clinical application of posture analysis system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2020

Purpose : The aim of this study was to assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of measurements of head, neck, and pelvis posture using a mobile application in subjects with forward head posture. Methods : Forty-eight volunteers (22 men, 26 women) participated in this study. Two raters independently examined whole body picture images in a lateral standing posture with arms crossed using a CA-Smart Posture Reminder (CA-SPR), and a rater took and calculated posture images twice to assess reliability. We measured five parameters: craniovertebral angle 1 (CVA1), anterior shoulder translation (AST), pelvic tilt (PT), knee angle (KA), and ankle angle (AA) in the subject's sagittal plane using CA-SPR. We examined whole spine X-ray images in the same position to assess validity. We measured four variables in the subjects: CVA2, translation distance (AHT), anterior pelvic plane (APP), and sacral slope (SS). The intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Convergent validity was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : The intra-rater reliability (ICC=.889 -.989) and inter-rater reliability (ICC=.800 -.980) were excellent for all variables measured using CA-SPR. The variables measured using CA-SPR and X-ray were significantly positively correlated (r=.623, p<.01). However, the correlation of the variables in the pelvis was not statistically significant. Conclusion : This study shows that a mobile application (CA-SPR) is a useful tool for measuring head and neck posture in subjects with forward head posture. However, further study is needed to measure pelvic variables when using a mobile application.