• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulder posture (RSP) on changes in muscle activities according to shoulder flexion and abduction tasks. Methods: Twenty-two male subjects with no history of neurological, musculoskeletal surgery or injuries, or pain in the spine region within the previous 3-month periods were recruited for this study. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Scapula Index were measured before performing 90° abduction and flexion tasks holding a 3kg dumbbell. Muscle activities were measured during the tasks. All measurements except height of the acromion were carried out in a sitting position at the height of the subject's knee angle of 90 degrees, and two tasks were randomly performed with the arm that the subject mainly use to throw the ball. The abduction and flexion angles were checked by the examiner using a goniometer beside the subject. Results: Correlation coefficient analysis between Scapular Index and upper trapezius muscle activity during shoulder abduction task showed significant positive correlation. No significant correlation was observed between CVA, Scapular Index, and other muscle activities. Conclusion: FHP showed increased muscle activation, making it difficult to change muscle activity under lower loads, and RSP was correlated with UT activation in shoulder abduction. Therefore, in the RSP, the loaded shoulder abduction is considered a potential risk factor for increasing shoulder muscle tension. This paper proposes an approach to treating RSP before FHP.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2019

목적: 교합접촉면적에 관련된 이전의 연구들은 교합두께 수준이나 교합측정방법 상 부정확성이 한계로 지적되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 머리 위치가 교합접촉면적에 미치는 영향을 광조사교합분석법을 이용하여 조사하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 건전한 치열을 갖는 54명(남성 44명, 여성 10명, 23 - 33세)을 대상으로 시험을 진행하였다. 머리 위치와 교합접촉면적의 관계를 알아보기 위해 시험대상은 치과용 유닛체어에 세 가지 자세(누운 자세($0^{\circ}$), 기울인 자세($45^{\circ}$), 직립 자세($90^{\circ}$))로 하여 최대 교두간 접촉위를 이용하여 악간관계기록을 채득하였다. 광조사교합분석기($BiteEye^{(R)}$)를 이용하여 교합접촉면적을 분석하였다. SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 유의수준 95%에서 통계분석을 시행하였다. 결과:머리 위치는 교합접촉면적과 유의미한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다(P > 0.05). 결론: 머리 위치는 교합접촉면적에 유의미한 영향이 없으므로 교합관계가 안정적이라면 최대 교두간접촉위의 악간관계 기록 채득 시 환자의 자세는 변수가 되지 않으며 광조사교합분석기를 이용한 교합접촉면적의 측정은 재료적, 용이성 측면으로 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and kinetic changes that may occur in the pelvic and spine regions during cross-legged sitting postures. Experiments were performed on sixteen healthy subjects. Data were collected while the subject sat in 4 different sitting postures for 5 seconds: uncrossed sitting with both feet on the floor (Posture A), sitting while placing his right knee on the left knee (Posture B), sitting by placing right ankle on left knee (Posture C), and sitting by placing right ankle over the left ankle (Posture D). The order of the sitting posture was random. The sagittal plane angles (pelvic tilt, lumbar A-P curve, thoracic A-P curve) and the frontal plane angles (pelvic obliquity, lumber lateral curves, thoracic lateral curves) were obtained using VICON system with 6 cameras and analyzed with Nexus software. The pressure on each buttock was measured using Tekscan. Repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the angle and pressure across the four postures. The Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the differences between upright trunk sitting and cross-legged postures. In sagittal plane, cross-legged sitting postures showed significantly greater kyphotic curves in lumbar and thoracic spine when compared uncrossed sitting posture. Also, pelvic posterior tilting was greater in cross-legged postures. In frontal plane, only height of the right pelvic was significantly higher in Posture B than in Posture A. Finally, in Posture B, the pressure on the right buttock area was greater than Posture A and, in Posture C, the pressure on the left buttock area was greater than Posture A. However, all dependent variables in both planes did not demonstrate any significant difference among the three cross-legged postures (p>.05). The findings suggest that asymmetric changes in the pelvic and spine region secondary to the prolonged cross-legged sitting postures may cause lower back pain and deformities in the spine structures.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권52호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1999

Sleeping is important activity in bedroom and it takes one third of our lifetime. The body pressure distribution on bed has been considered as one of the most important factors affecting sleeping comfort. The measurement contact pressure has been applied to design seat, mattress, shoes, etc., for prevention of pressure sores and improvement of products. This paper discusses the recognizing rule of sleeping posture using contact pressure. Subjects' ages are ranged from twenties to fifties. They include 29 males and 35 females. Body pressure distribution is measured in the state of stable bed when subject lies on his/her back, on his/her side and on his/her face. We made recognizing rules of sleeping posture through statistical analysis; ANOVA and regression analysis, qualitative analysis.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analysis and improve working posture using hazard factor analyzing tools. SI(The Strain Index) came up with the conclusion that RWDR1 and RWDR3 was a dangerous job, but not as dangerous as RWDR2. According to REBA. RWDR3 required some improvements; A mat to prevent fatigue(WIRE/PRESS 2), electric bogie(RWDR1), and waist/wrist protector(RWDR3). Additionally a correct sitting posture m WIRE/PRESS1 and stretching on a regular basis in RWDR2 were recommended.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2002

The ergonomic human model can be considered as a tool for the evaluation of ergonomic factors in vehicle design process. The proper anthropometric data on driver's postures are needed in order to apply a human model to vehicle design. Although studies on driver's posture have been carried out for the last few decades, there are still some problems for the posture data to be applied directly to the human model due to the lack of fitness because such studies were not carried out under the conditions for the human model application. In the traditional researches, the joint angles were evaluated by the categorized data, which are not appropriate for the human model application because it is so extensive that it can not explain the posture evaluation data in detail. And the human models require whole-body posture evaluation data rather than joint evaluation data. In this study a postural evaluation function was developed not by category data but by the concept of the loss function in quality engineering. The loss was defined as the discomfort in driver's posture and measured by the magnitude estimation technique in the experiment using a seating buck. Four loss functions for the each joint - knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow were developed and a whole-body postural evaluation function was constructed by the regression analysis using these loss functions as independent factors. The developed postural evaluation function shows a good prediction power for the driver's posture discomfort in validation test. It is expected that the driver's postural evaluation function based on the loss function can be used in the human model application to the vehicle design process.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 머리자세와 목폄근육들의 근긴장도 및 근경직 사이에 상관관계를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 20대 성인 80명으로 시상면에서 평소 머리자세와 목폄근육들에 근긴장도와 근경직을 측정하였다. 측정된 머리자세는 Image J를 사용하여 머리척추각, 머리회전각, 앞쪽어깨각을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 머리척추각이 감소할수록 위등세모근의 근긴장도 및 근경직이 유의하게 증가하고, 머리회전각이 증가할수록 위등세모근의 근긴장도 및 근경직과 유의하게 증가하는 상관관계가 있었다(p<.05). 그리고 연구대상자의 머리척추각을 기준으로 정상머리자세와 앞쪽머리자세로 재분류하여 비교한 결과, 앞쪽머리자세는 정상머리자세보다 위등세모근의 근긴장도 및 근경직이 유의하게 높은 특징을 확인하였다(p<.05). 이 연구결과는 임상에서 앞쪽머리자세의 평가 및 자세교육을 위한 기초자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2023

일반적으로 잘못된 앉은 자세를 장시간 유지하는 것은 척추에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 널리 알려져 있다. 최근 여러 연구자들이 잘못된 앉은 자세와 척추질환의 인과관계에 관심을 두고 있으며, 척추질환 예방을 위해 앉거나 서는 자세의 변화를 정밀하게 측정할 수 있는 방법을 연구해왔다. 우리는 과거 연구에서 실시간 체위 변환 측정이 가능한 센서 디바이스를 개발하고 운동량 계산 알고리즘을 적용하여 실시간 자세 전환 측정 정확도를 향상시켰으며, 체위 변환 측정 센서의 정확도를 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 좌압 측정을 통해 체중심의 변화를 고려한 자세 측정 및 분석 장치를 개발하였으며, 개발된 센서는 사용자의 시각적 피드백을 개선하여 자세 교정 훈련 정확도를 높이는 보조 도구로의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2017

Objective: Despite reliable evidence of abnormal scapular motions increases, there is not yet sufficient evidence of abnormal humeral translations. This study aims to analyze the motion of the humeral head toward the scapula when the shoulder is actively abducted using the C-arm. Design: A case report. Methods: The participant was a healthy man without any limitation and pain during shoulder movement. The participant's shoulder was abducted; this movement in the frontal plane was measured using a C-arm (anterior-posterior view) and was analyzed with computer-aided design. The starting posture was $15^{\circ}$, and as the participant abducted his shoulder measurements were taken and analyzed at $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, and ending at $165^{\circ}$. A line was drawn perpendicularly to the line connecting the humeral head axis to the glenoid, and another line was drawn perpendiculary to the line connecting the scapular axis to the glenoid. The distance between the two lines measured is defined as the e value. Results: At the starting posture ($15^{\circ}$), the central axis of the humeral head was located 1.92 mm inferior to the central axis of the scapula. The humeral head was superiorly translated from the starting posture to $120^{\circ}$, and then, showed an inferior translation to the ending posture ($165^{\circ}$). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the humeral head moved upward from the starting posture ($15^{\circ}$) up to $120^{\circ}$ indicating, superior translation, and it moved downward when the posture was past $120^{\circ}$, indicating inferior translation.