• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.5 s.176
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• pp.1155-1165
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• 2000

Due to the irregularity of walking ground and the inaccuracy in trajectory control of a leg, the mechanical shock and slip on the ground can be caused in the landing and supporting legs of a walkin g robot, and the robot may lose walking stability. Especially in a jointed-leg type walking robot, those problems are much more severe than in the pantograph type since the leg-weight of the jointed-leg type walking robot is relatively heavier than that of the pantograph type in general. In order to secure the walking stability for the jointed-leg type quadrupedal robot under development in KIST(Korea Institute of Science and Technology), a balancing algorithm consisting of the leg compliance control and the body posture control is implemented in this paper, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through experiments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1828-1832
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• 2018

Objective: Environmental change is one of the stressful events in livestock production. Change in environment disturbs cow behavior and cows require several days to regain a stable behavioral pattern. Sleeping posture (SP) and lying posture (LP) have been used as indicators for animal that are relaxed and well-acclimated to their environment. The aim of this study was to examine the time required by Japanese black cows for stabilization of SP and LP after moving into new environment. Methods: Seven pregnant Japanese black cows were used. Cows were moved into new tie-stall shed and their sleeping and lying posture measured 17 times during 35 experimental days. Both SP and LP were detected by accelerometer fixed on middle occipital and hip-cross, respectively. Daily total time, frequency, and average bout of both SP and LP were calculated. Results: Daily SP time was the shortest on day 1 and increased to the highest on day 3. It then decreased until day 9, after that stabilized about 65 min/d till the end of experiment. Daily LP time changed in same manner as daily SP time. The average SP bout was the longest on day 1, and then decreased to stable level on day 7. On the other hand, the average LP bout was the shortest on day 1, and it increased to stable level on day 7. Conclusion: These results showed that pregnant Japanese black cows needed 1 week to stabilize their SP. However, there were different change patterns between the average SP and LP bout, even though the change pattern of daily SP and LP time were similar.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.989-993
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilizing exercise on the muscle tone, stiffness, ROM, and cervical lordosis in patient with forward head posture(FHP). This study was a case study of a single patient with forward head posture. This study used a ABA' design, A and A' were the baseline phases and B was the intervention phase. The intervention was occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilization exercise. It was administered once daily for 7 days. The therapist kept hands together, and placed the two index fingers under the subject's occipital bone. The subject performed the chin-in exercise with a maximum isometric contraction for 20 sec.The exercise was implemented by performing the movements 10 times as a set and repeating the set three times. The muscle tone was not significantly changed after intervention. However, the stiffness was decreased and lasted the effect lasted without intervention. The cervical flexion angle was increased, but the cervical extension angle was not significantly changed after the intervention. The left and right lateral flexion angles were increased and the effect lasted without any intervention. However, the left and right rotation angles were significantly changed after the intervention. Cervical lordosis increased not from $37^{\circ}$ to $41^{\circ}$ after the intervention. These results suggest that occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilizing exercise had a positive effect on cervical stiffness, flexion and lateral flexion ROM, and lordosis in a patient with forward head posture.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Background: Neck pain is a major health problem in developed countries and has a lifetime prevalence of 50%. Major problems include a reduced cervical range of motion, muscle stiffness, dysfunction, postural changes, and decrease in psychosocial level. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying the upper trapezius inhibition dynamic taping to patients with chronic neck pain on their neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture. Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 40 patients with neck pain participated in this study and were randomly assigned to a Dynamic Taping group (n = 20) or Sham Taping group (n = 20). In both groups, basic intervention cervical pain control therapy and shoulder stabilization exercise program were performed. In addition, dynamic taping and sham taping were applied to participants in the Dynamic Taping and Sham Taping groups to inhibit the trapezius muscle, respectively. All interventions were performed three times a week and a total of 12 times for 4 weeks, and the participants' neck pain, functional impairment level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck postural before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the functional level and neck posture (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition dynamic taping of the upper trapezius muscle suppression is an effective method with clinical significance in reducing pain in individuals with chronic neck pain and improving the functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10c
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• pp.205-207
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• 2006

Since a humanoid robot inherently suffers from instability and always risks tipping itself over, or topping to the ground, it is necessary to ensure high stability and reliability of walk. An unexpected ground condition is one of the principal factors of instability. This paper proposes a walk stabilization method consisting of a Fuzzy algorithm and geometry under uneven terrain. The ground reaction forces that are measured by the FSR sensors on the sole are used to check the ground condition and the robot posture. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by computer simulations.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.277-281
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• 2018

Objective : Craniovertebral junctional anomalies constitute a technical challenge. Surgical opening of atlantoaxial joint region is a complex procedure especially in patients with nuchal deformity like basilar invagination. This region has actually very complicated anatomical and functional characteristics, including multiple joints providing extension, flexion, and wide rotation. In fact, it is also a bottleneck region where bones, neural structures, and blood vessels are located. Stabilization surgery regarding this region should consider the fact that the area exposes excessive and life-long stress due to complex movements and human posture. Therefore, all options should be considered for surgical stabilization, and they could be interchanged during the surgery, if required. Methods : A 53-year-old male patient applied to outpatients' clinic with complaints of head and neck pain persisting for a long time. Physical examination was normal except increased deep tendon reflexes. The patient was on long-term corticosteroid due to an allergic disease. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings indicated basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation.The patient underwent C0-C3-C4 (lateral mass) and additional C0-C2 (translaminar) stabilization surgery. Results : In routine practice, the sites where rods are bound to occipital plates were placed as paramedian. Instead, we inserted lateral mass screw to the sites where occipital screws were inserted on the occipital plate, thereby creating a site where extra rod could be bound.When C2 translaminar screw is inserted, screw caps remain on the median plane, which makes them difficult to bind to contralateral system. These bind directly to occipital plate without any connection from this region to the contralateral system.Advantages of this technique include easy insertion of C2 translaminar screws, presence of increased screw sizes, and exclusion of pullout forces onto the screw from neck movements. Another advantage of the technique is the median placement of the rod; i.e., thick part of the occipital bone is in alignment with axial loading. Conclusion : We believe that this technique, which could be easily performed as adjuvant to classical stabilization surgery with no need for special screw and rod, may improve distraction force in patients with low bone density.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of vertebral segment instability, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. In this study, the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test(Matthiass Test) by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. Instability test of lumbar vertebra segment is 2 type differential angle test between vertebrae segment and loading test of spine(matthiass) by Spinal Mouse. It appeared to improve stability of segments in sagittal plane after applying program. So lumbar spine curve increased lordosis toward anterior and was improved of the lumbar spine flexibility in flexion and extension. Specially, in matthiass test, (-) value was increased between lumbar vertebra segment when was the load on spine. And so applying stability improved after program. 2. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine vertebra segments stabilization. Spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

Background: Degenerative arthritis accounts for a large portion of the elderly, causing a lot of inconvenience in daily life. Total knee replacement (TKR) are performed to relieve pain in the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to determine whether knee joint stabilization exercises are effective in improving balance and walking ability in degenerative arthritis patients who have undergone TKR. Methods: A total of 30 TKR patients participated in this study. They were assigned to two groups. The experimental group, the group that underwent knee stabilization exercises, joint mobilization and general physical therapy. On the other hand, and the controlled group, the group that underwent joint mobilization and general physical therapy. All exercises were conducted thrice a week, for four weeks. The main balance outcomes were evaluated using the posture balance training system, while walking ability was assessed using a wireless 3-axis accelerometer. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher scores in postural stability testing (PST), limits stability testing, and waling ability. The post-intervention evaluation, there were significant differences in all variables between the two groups. However, no significant difference was noted in the foam eyes closed test in PST. Conclusion: This study suggests that knee joint stabilization exercises effectively improve the balance and walking ability of TKR patients. Thus, it could be presented as useful in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

Background and purpose : The shoulder joints permit the greatest mobility of any joint area carries out the important function of stabilization for hand use. Research has now shown that grip strength has proven to be a reliable indicator for quality of life at an older age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of testing posture and shoulder position on grip strength for repetitive gripping task. Methods : Forty(20male, 20female) college adult volunteers with no known shoulder dysfunction participated subject in two testing posture(sitting and standing) and three positions with shoulder flexion: (1) shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion (2) shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion (3) shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. The paired t-test was used to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the testing posture and shoulder position. Results : The higher grip strength gained in the sitting with the shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion and the higher grip strength gained in the standing with the shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. The second experiment showed that the grip strength was significant for sitting, standing position of shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion( p<0.05). Grip strength goes up as increase height and weight. Conclusion : These findings demonstrate that the theory does not fit with, because of the influence of gravity, a measure from the shoulder joint is the most high, $0^{\circ}$. And sitting posture and stance in the grip of a difference when compared SIT $0^{\circ}$ and standing position $0^{\circ}$ significant difference in indicated but, $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ in the sitting position and stance in the grip of the difference was not significant difference. To demonstrate the universality of this study's results, future studies should have a larger and more subject as well as a more even distribution of male and female subject. Therefore future research is needed to refine the definition and identify optimal methods of measuring this grip strength.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the activities of the abdominal muscles according to trunk stabilization exercises using Swiss ball in normal individuals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten healthy university students participated in this study. The subjects were required to complete the following three exercise positions: Exercise position 1, sitting on a Swiss ball and lifting the legs; Exercise position 2, pushing to a plank position from an ending position; and Exercise position 3, push-up posture with the legs on a Swiss ball. Changes in the trunk muscle activities were estimated using Biometric electromyography (EMG). Activities of the dominant side internal oblique muscle (IOM) and external oblique muscle (EOM) were estimated in all participants. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC %) was measured to standardize the EMG signals for the IOM and EOM during maximum resistance when sitting up with each shoulder pointing towards the contralateral pelvis with knees bent and both arms crossed on the chest for 5 seconds. Results: There was a significant difference in the activity of the internal and external oblique muscles between Exercises 1 and 2 and Exercises 1 and 3 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the IOM/EOM activity ratio was the greatest during Exercise 3 and the smallest during Exercise 1. IOM and EOM activities were the greatest during Exercise 2 with greater EOM activity. Conclusions: In future studies, it will be necessary to investigate muscle activities by supplementing the above-mentioned limitations during the stabilization exercise. The results of this study may be used as a basis for controlling the intensity and frequency of exercise while prescribing trunk stabilization exercises.