• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

Objective: Balance is a preceding task for functional activities in daily activities as well as community-dwelling activities. To learn skilled and functional activities, it is also necessary to imagine an appropriate and effective movement representation used to plan and execute the functional activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of balance imagery of semi-tandem stance on a flat floor and balance beam on balance abilities for elderly and young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifteen elderly and thirty-four young adults were enrolled in this study. In order to determine whether there is a change in postural control ability according to the different imagery training methods used, standing static balance measurements were performed. According to the therapist's instructions, participants were to stand in a semi-tandem position on the Good Balance System for 1 minute while imagining that they were standing on a balance beam, and while the postural control abilities was assessed. Results: Postural control was significantly different in balance ability of semi-tandem stance on a flat floor compared to on a balance beam in both geriatrics and young adults. Postural sway was more significantly decreased in young adults than older adults during balance imagery of semi-tandem stance on a flat floor as well as on balance beam (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the ability to mentally represent their actions was similar in older adults compared to young adults, although older adults showed a drop in efficiency of postural control more than young adults.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is developing a virtual bicycle system for improving the ability of postural balance control for adults in various age groups. The system consists of an exercise bicycle that allows tilt in accordance with the postural balance of the subject in the system, a visual display that shows virtual road, and a visual feedback system. The rider of the system tries to maintain balance on the bicycle with a visual feedback of a virtual road while the pedaling speed, the heading direction, and various weight distribution information are updated to the subject as visual feedbacks in the display. A series of experiments were performed with various subjects to find the factors related to postural balance control in the system. The related parameters obtained were weight shift, magnitude of the deviation from the center of the virtual road, and variables related to the movement of the center of pressure. The results found that the ability to control postural balance in the system improved with the presentation of visual feedback information of the distribution of weight. It was also found that the general performance of the subject on balance in the system improved after ten days long training. The results show that the newly developed system can be used for the diagnosis of postural balance as well as for the stimulation of various senses such as vision and somatic sense in the field of rehabilitation training.

• 감성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

가상환경시스템은 매우 현실감 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 산업, 의료, 교육훈련 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 아직 많은 가상환경 시스템에서 부정적 요인으로 멀미, 시각피로, 방향감각 상실로 대표되는 cybersickness중세를 수반하고 있어 그 사용과 확산에 제약이 되고 있다. 이러한 cybersickness문제에 대응하기 위해서는 우선 이것을 객관적으로 측정, 평가할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 필요하다. 이러한 방법들 중의 하나로 신체동요의 정도를 평가 지표로 사용할 수 있다. 이번 연구에서는 45 명의 피실험자들을 대상으로 가상현실 운전시뮬레이터를 운전하기 전과 후의 신체동요 정도를 힘판(force platform)을 이용해 측정하였다. 특히 본 실험에 사용된 가상현실 운전시뮬레이터는 피실험자에게 운동판(motion platform)을 이용해 운동감을 제공할 수 있었고, 피실험자의 멀미 현상이 검지되면, 시야각을 1/3로 줄여주는 멀미 완화 피드백(feedback) 시스템이 연결되어 있었다. 그래서 motion의 제공여부와 feedback의 제공 여부도 실험의 독립변수로 추가하였다. 실험 결과, 가상현실 체험 후 유의한 차이는 아니나 피실험자들의 신체동요가 약간 증가하는 것이 관측되었다. motion과 feedback에 대한 분석에서는, 유일하게 motion을 제공하는 것이 제공 안할 때에 비해 좌우 방향의 신체동요가 더 적어지는 것으로 나타났다. 신체동요를cybersickness의 지표로 사용하기 위해서는 추후연구가 더 요청된다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

Purpose : Various studies effects of mental practice. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of practice on postural alignment. Therefore this study to the effect of ankle exercise combined with mental practice on postural alignment of legs. Method : Subjects were randomly assigned to mental practice group (experimental group n=15) and general exercise group (control group n=15). Postural alignment was the hip, knee, and ankle joints. When viewed from the side, an arbitrary point in front of the malleolus makes a straight line with the plumb line. Exercise was performed a week for weeks. Exercise programs included muscle strengthening, relaxation, and proprioception exercise. The experimental group mental practice. Result : Both groups showed significant differences in postural alignment ankle joint, knee joint, and hip joint. In particular, the experimental group showed a larger change than the control group. However, significant difference in postural alignment change only the knee joint (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference the hip joint (experimental group=$0.77{\pm}0.81$, control group=$0.87{\pm}1.13$) and ankle joint (experimental group=$0.52{\pm}0.63$, control group=$0.48{\pm}0.41$). Conclusion : This study suggests that mental practice is effective as an exercise method postural alignment. Mental practice also expected to be musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, additional studies should be conducted to verify the effect of mental practice on the alignment of various parts.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare difference of the static and dynamic balance in normal subject and LBP subject and recognizes about postural sway. The subjects of this study included 30 normal subjects and 30 LBP subjects. By using Active balance system, the static balance was measured by unit path length, circumference area, weight bearing, stabilometry length, while the dynamic balance was measured by step evaluation. Statistically analyzed using independent t-test to search static balance and dynamic balance difference in two groups. Postural sway appeared greatly in patient group than normal group in analysis result of static balance and postural sway was big in patient group of when closed eye and normal group and patient group did show statistical significance in unit path length, circumference area. Weight support of normal group was shared equally in weight bearing rate, but weight support of patient group stewed less to pain side. Anterior step time and Task achieve time of dynamic balance were spent more in patient group than normal group. Desire to be used to useful information to lay treatment policy about set-up and action of when quantification result of valued postural balance treats low back pain patient by objective tool, in the fixture, more researches in postural estimation desire that is enforced abuzz.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2018

Background: Although postural instability is one of the major symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic treatment is ineffective for treating postural instability. Recent reports have shown that somatosensory deficit is associated with postural instability, and that somatosensory input improved postural instability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of lateral wedges for quiet standing postural control in people with PD. Methods: Twenty-two patients who were diagnosed with PD were enrolled in this study. The participants stood on a force plate under two conditions (wedge and no wedge) with or without having their eyes open or closed. The center of pressure (COP) range and velocity were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The range and velocity of COP in the anterioposterior and mediolateral (ML) directions were significantly improved after the patients stood on the lateral wedge with their eyes closed (p < 0.05). The range in ML direction and velocity in both directions of COP were significantly decreased when their eyes were open (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Regardless of vision, standing on lateral wedges improved postural sway in people with PD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the immediate effects of wearing a foot-pressure-based insole (FPBI) on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), postural sway, and muscle activation in healthy individuals with genu varum. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on thirteen adults, with six male and seven females subjects. The mean age was 24.08 years. Foot pressure was measured to apply the FPBI and the weight bearing lunge test was performed with the application of a flat insole (FI) and FPBI. Examination was randomly performed in four conditions to measure both postural sway and muscle activation. All participants applied both the FI and FPBI with four conditions. The four conditions were as follows: 1) Romberg test posture with eyes closed, 2) Romberg test posture with eyes opened, 3) dominant single leg standing with eyes opened, and 4) non-dominant single leg standing with eyes opened. Results: For ankle DFROM between the FI and FPBI, a significant increase was observed in both the dominant and non-dominant leg (p<0.05). For postural sway between the FI and FPBI in the Romberg test posture with eyes closed and dominant single leg standing with eyes opened conditions, a significant decrease was observed (p<0.05). However, the postural sway between FI and FPBI in the Romberg test posture with eyes opened and non-dominant single leg standing with eyes opened, no significant decrease was observed. Also, there were no significant effects on muscle activation between the application of the FI and FPBI. Conclusions: The result showed that FPBI immediately improved ankle DFROM and postural sway. It seems that FPBI may improve genu varum in healthy individuals with genu varum.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2018

목적 : 본 연구는 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) 아동에게 시행한 상호작용식 메트로놈(Interactive Metronome; IM) 중재가 자세조절과 글씨쓰기에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 ADHD로 진단받은 초등학교 3학년 아동 1명을 대상으로 시행하였다. 개별실험 연구방법 중에서 ABA 설계를 사용하였고, 총 30회기로 매주 3회기 씩 총 10주 진행하였다. 기초선과 재기초선 기간에는 글씨쓰기 과제의 측정만 실시하였고, 중재기 동안에 IM 훈련을 40~50분간 실시하고 난 후에 글씨쓰기의 명료도와 속도를 평가하였다. 기초선을 시작하기 전과 재기초선이 끝나고 한 달 이내에 Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills(COMPS)를 실시하여 자세조절의 변화를 알아보았다. 결과 : IM 중재를 시행한 후 대상자의 자세조절 변화는 하위항목 중 슬로모션, 손가락-코 운동, 비대칭 경반사의 점수가 향상되었고, 글씨쓰기 명료도와 속도는 중재 기간 동안 상승하는 경향을 보였으나 유의하게 변화되지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 ADHD 아동을 대상으로 한 IM 훈련의 중재가 자세조절과 글씨쓰기 수행능력을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 효과를 확인할 수 있었고, 향후 연구에 새로운 방향에 접근할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다는 근거로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4418-4426
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• 2010

근피로는 자세균형과 근수축력의 악화를 유발하여 다양한 근골격계 손상을 초래한다. 본 연구는 하퇴삼두근에 근피로 유발에 의한 자세불균형과 근수축력 저하에 경피신경전기자극이 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 2010년 3월부터 4개월간 전정계통과 시각계통에 문제가 없는 20명의 건강한 성인을 대상으로 반복운동 수행을 통하여 비복근에 근피로를 유발하였고, 유발 후 즉시 경피신경전기자극을 적용하였다. 근피로 및 경피신경전기자극에 의한 자세균형과 근수축력의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 자세동요 이동거리와 속도, 최대수의수축력을 사용하였다. 근피로 유발에 의하여 자세동요 이동거리 및 속도의 증가와 근수축력의 저하가 나타났다(p<.05). 근피로가 유발된 비복근에 경피신경 전기자극의 적용은 근피로에 의한 자세동요와 근수축력을 유의하게 개선하였다(p<.05). 이와 같은 연구결과를 통하여 족저굴곡근의 근피로는 자세균형과 근수축력에 관여되고, 경피신경전기자극은 근피로에 의한 자세불균형 및 근수축력 저하에 효과적임을 증명하였다. 경피신경전기자극은 일상생활에서 흔히 유발되는 근피로의 중재에 경피신경전기자극이 효과적인 중재 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.697-707
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study was to develop a comprehensive community-based fall prevention program and to test the effects of the program on the muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy for elderly people. Methods: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 28 participants in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The program consisted of balance exercises, elastic resistance exercises and prevention education. The program was provided five times a week for 8 weeks and each session lasted 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, independent t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS program. Results: Muscle strength of the lower extremities, postural balance and fall efficacy scores significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that this program can improve lower extremity muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy in elders. Therefore, this program is recommended for use in fall prevention programs for elders living in the community.