• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.393-407
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• 2019

Purpose: To identify the potential therapeutic role of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced (stage II and stage III) gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). Materials and methods: Patients with locally advanced gastric SRC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database between 2004 and 2012 were included in our study. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional models were performed, and survival curves were generated to evaluate the prognostic effect of postoperative RT and surgery alone on SRC patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to avoid selection bias among the study cohorts. Results: We found that patients with postoperative RT had better probability of survival compared with those who did not receive RT (overall survival [OS], P<0.001; cancer-specific survival [CSS], P<0.001). After PSM, analysis of both overall and CSS showed that patients who underwent postoperative RT had better prognosis than those receiving surgery alone in the matched cohort (OS, P=0.00079; CSS, P=0.0036). Multivariate Cox proportional model indicated that postoperative RT had better effect on prognosis compared with surgery alone with respect to both overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.716; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.590-0.87; P=0.001) and CSS (HR, 0.713; 95% CI, 0.570-0.890; P=0.003). Conclusions: Postoperative RT had better prognosis compared with surgery alone for both overall and CSS for patients with locally advanced gastric SRC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (RT), in patients with extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cancer by comparing the survival rate between patients undergoing surgery alone or surgery plus postoperative RT, and to identify the prognostic factors affecting survival. Materials and Methods: Between 2000 and 2013, 52 patients with EHBD cancer underwent surgical resection. Of these, 33 patients did not receive postoperative RT (group I), and 19 patients did (group II). R1 resection was significantly more frequent in group II. The median radiation dose was 5,040 cGy. Results: The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate for group I and group II was 38% and 56%, respectively (p = 0.274). The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) rate for group I and group II was 20% and 31%, respectively (p = 0.049), and the 3-year loco-regional recurrence free survival (LRFS) rates were 19% and 58%, respectively (p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses showed that postoperative RT and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for DFS and LRFS. Overall, 42 patients (80%) experienced treatment failure. Distant metastasis was the predominant pattern of failure in group II. Conclusion: Postoperative RT after surgical resection appeared to improve the loco-regional control and DFS rate. More effort is needed to reduce distant metastasis, the major pattern of failure, in patients who receive postoperative RT.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients who underwent surgery followed by radiation therapy (RT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 106 DCIS patients who underwent surgery followed by postoperative RT between 1994 and 2006. Ninety-four patients underwent breast-conserving surgery, and mastectomy was performed in 12 patients due to extensive DCIS. Postoperative RT was delivered to whole breast with 50.4 Gy/28 fx. Tumor bed boost was offered to 7 patients (6.6%). Patients with hormonal receptor-positive tumors were treated with hormonal therapy. Results: The median follow-up duration was 83.4 months (range, 33.4 to 191.5 months) and the median age was 47.8 years. Ten patients (9.4%) had resection margin <1 mm and high-grade and estrogen receptor-negative tumors were observed in 39 (36.8%) and 20 (18.9%) patients, respectively. The 7-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)-free survival rate was 95.3%. Resection margin (<1 or ${\geq}1$ mm) was the significant prognostic factor for IBTR in univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). Conclusion: Postoperative RT for DCIS can achieve favorable treatment outcome. Resection margin was the important prognostic factor for IBTR in the DCIS patients who underwent postoperative RT.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.597-603
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• 2016

Introduction : Perioperative irradiation is often combined with spine tumor surgery. Radiation is known to be detrimental to healing process of bone fusion. We tried to investigate bone fusion rate in spine tumor surgery cases with perioperative radiation therapy (RT) and to analyze significant factors affecting successful bone fusion. Methods : Study cohort was 33 patients who underwent spinal tumor resection and bone graft surgery combined with perioperative RT. Their medical records and radiological data were analyzed retrospectively. The analyzed factors were surgical approach, location of bone graft (anterior vs. posterior), kind of graft (autologous graft vs. allograft), timing of RT (preoperative vs. postoperative), interval of RT from operation in cases of postoperative RT (within 1 month vs. after 1 month) radiation dose (above 38 Gy vs. below 38 Gy) and type of radiation therapy (conventional RT vs. stereotactic radiosurgery). The bone fusion was determined on computed tomography images. Result : Bone fusion was identified in 19 cases (57%). The only significant factors to affect bony fusion was the kind of graft (75% in autograft vs. 41 in allograft, p=0.049). Other factors proved to be insignificant relating to postoperative bone fusion. Regarding time interval of RT and operation in cases of postoperative RT, the time interval was not significant (p=0.101). Conclusion : Spinal fusion surgery which was combined with perioperative RT showed relatively low bone fusion rate (57%). For successful bone fusion, the selection of bone graft was the most important.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.780-785
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• 1987

Pulmonary atresia with VSD is uncommon congenital anomaly with high mortality in neonatal period. Recently we experienced surgical correction of 2 cases of pulmonary atresia with VSD. The first case was 7-year old female patient and diagnosed as pulmonary atresia with VSD combined PDA. So, total correction was undertaken which consisted of PDA ligation, patch repair of VSD, transannular enlargement of RVOT with woven Dacron vascular graft, and closure of PFO. Postoperative systemic Rt. ventricular and radial artery pressure ratio was 0.44 and her postoperative course was uneventful. The second case was 6-year old male patient diagnosed as pulmonary atresia with VSD and large systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries. There were two large systemic-pulmonary collaterals, one was simply controlled by ligation, but the other was considered to supply Rt. upper lung. So end to side anastomosis was performed to the RVOT patch. Postoperative systolic Rt. ventricular and radial artery pressure ratio was 0.54. During the follow up period he showed clinical picture of Rt. heart failure, which is relatively well controlled with anticongestive therapy.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.97.1-97.12
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• 2018

Objective: Women with cervical cancer (CC) found to have positive surgical margins, positive lymph nodes, and/or parametrial invasion receive a survival benefit from postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, older women may not benefit to the same extent, as they are at increased risk of death from non-oncologic causes as well as toxicities from oncologic treatments. This study sought to evaluate whether there was a survival benefit of CRT over RT in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients ${\geq}70$ years old with newly diagnosed IA2, IB, or IIA CC and positive margins, parametrial invasion, and/or positive nodes on surgical resection. Statistics included logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling analyses. Results: Altogether, 166 patients met inclusion criteria; 62 (37%) underwent postoperative RT and 104 (63%) underwent postoperative CRT. Younger patients and those living in areas of higher income were less likely to receive CRT, while parametrial invasion and nodal involvement were associated with an increased likelihood (p<0.05 for all). There were no OS differences by treatment type. Subgroup analysis by number of risk factors, as well as each of the 3 risk factors separately, also did not reveal any OS differences between cohorts. Conclusion: In the largest such study to date, older women with postoperative risk factor(s) receiving RT alone experienced similar survival as those undergoing CRT. Although causation is not implied, careful patient selection is paramount to balance treatment-related toxicity risks with theoretical outcome benefits.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.235-246
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• 1988

A total of 93 patients with rectal cancer treated with radiotherapy at department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center between January 1974 and December 1983 are retrospectively analysed. The patients are divided into three groups as follows: I. Postoperative radiotherapy, II. Postoperative recurrent, III. Unresectable or Inoperable group. In postoperative radiotherapy group, overall 5 year survival rate is $34.8\%$ and prognostic factors are presence of obstruction and degree of differentiation. In postoperative recurrent group, overall 2 year survival rate is $7.4\%$ with median survival of 13 months and prognostic factors are RT responsiveness and sex, and the local failure rate is $22.7\%$. In unresectable or inoperable group, overall 2 year survival rate is $19.8\%$ with median survival of 12.6 months and prognostic factors are RT responsiveness and RT dose. The complications for RT are not significant and are acceptable in all patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative stability of LeFort I osteotomy in two-jaw surgery of skeletal class III malocclusion and to help the establishment of treatment planning in patients with a skeletal class III malocclusion in the future. Materials and Methods: The lateral cephalograms of 14 patients who had been underwent two-jaw surgery via one-piece LeFort I osteotomy were traced and the landmarks were identified. Repeated tracings and construction of reference planes were done. Comparisons were made from the immediate postoperative to late postoperative results of each landmarks on the horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions: 1. The horizontal changes of landmark ANS, point A, PNS and Mx6Rt between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data were statistically insignificant(p>0.05). 2. The vertical changes of landmark ANS, point A, PNS, Mx6Cr and Mx6Rt between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data were statistically insignificant(p>0.05). 3. The horizontal change of landmark Mx6Cr between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data was statistically significant(p<0.05). 4. Results showed that it was stable that one-piece LeFort I osteotomy in two-jaw surgery of skeletal class III malocclusion.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

목적 : 절제가능한 직장암에서 보조요법으로써 sandwich technique 방사선치료를 시행한후 이들의 결과를 다양한 변수에 따라 수술후방사선치료와 비교 분석하여 봄으로써 sandwich technique 방사선치료의 상대적인 장점을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 1월부터 1994년 5월까지 인제대학교부속 백병원에서 직장암으로 진단받은 환자로서 sandwich technique(수술전과 수술후의 방사선치료)의 방사선치료를 받은 20명 명과 근치적 절제술후 수술후방사선치료를 받은 31명을 대상으로 임상분석을 시행하였다. 방사선 치료는 4MV Linear Accelerator를 이용하여 원발병소 및 국소임파절을 포함하는 부위에 4조사야로 치료하였다. Sandwich technique 방사선치료는 국소적으로 진전된 병기로 진단된 경우 수술전에 매일 300cGy/fx씩 총 1500cGy를 조사하고 즉시 수술을 시행하였다. 이들중 수술후 병리조직검사소견상 Modified Astler-Coller변기 B2, B3, C로 진단된 경우 수술후방사선치료를 매일 180cGy/fx씩 총 2500-4500cGy 조사하였다. 수술후방사선치료를 받은 군은 병기 B2, B3, C의 환자들로서 수술후 약 4-6주경에 매일 180cGy/fx씩 총 4500-6120 cGy를 조사하였다. 보조 항암요법은 5-FU +Mitomycin+Leucovorin, 5-FU+Leucovorin, 경구용 5-FU단독요법으로 1-12회가 시행되었는데 sandwich technique군에서 15/20명($75\%$), 수술후방사선치료군에서 26/31명($84\%$)이 시행되었다. 총 추적관찰기간은 10-73개월로 중앙값은 25개월이었다. 결과 : Sandwich technique군과 수술후방사선치료군에서 시행된 수술방법을 살펴보면 복부회음절제술이 각각 $30\%$(6/20)과 $68\%$(2/31), 전방절제술이 각각 $70\%$(14/20)과 $32\%$(10/31)에서 시행되었다. 5년 생존율은 sandwich technique군과 수술후방사선치료군에서 각각 $60\%$와 $71\%$(p>0.05)였고 5년 무병생존율은 두군 모두 $63\%$로 동일하였다. 치료실패양상을 보면 sandwich technique군은 국소실패율 $11\%$(2/20), 원격전이율 $11\%$(2/20)였고 수술후방사선치료군은 국소실패을 $7\%$(2/31), 원격전이율 $20\%$(6/31)였다. 수술후 합병증은 sandwich technique군에서만 3예가 발생하였는데 수술후 2일째 패혈증 및 수술접합부위의 누수 1예, 수술상처의 누루 1예, 수술 부위의 누수 1예였다. 방사선치료의 급성 부작용은 RTOG/EORTC등급 I-II의 위장관 합병증이 양쪽 군에서 $52\%$와 $55\%$로 유사하였고 요도계의 합병증은 sandwich technique으로 치료한 환자에서만 $15\%$(3/20)관찰되었다. 만성 합병증은 소장관 폐쇄로 수술이 필요했던 경우가 양쪽 군에서 각각 2명씩이었고 sandwich technique군에서 출혈성 방광염 1예, 항문협착 1예가 발생하였다. 예후인자들(연령, 성별, 종양의 위치, 절제술의 종류, 병기, 약물치료 유무)중 복부회 음절제술이 생존율 향상과 관련되었고(p<0.05) 병기 B, C에서 5년 무병생존율이 각각 $90\%$, $50\%$로 통계적인 의미는 없었으나 차이를 보여주었다. 결론 : 절제 가능한 직장암에서 sandwich technique 방사선치료가 다른 형태의 방사선치료와 유사한 국소실패율과 원격전이율을 보여주면서 통계적으로 의미는 없었지만 원격전이율의 감소를 관찰할 수 있었다($11\%$ versus $20\%$). 또한 심각한 합병증 발생빈도도 증가하지 않았다. 따라서 향후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 오랜 기간의 추적관찰을 시행한다면 원격전이율 및 생존율에 미치는 sandwich technique 치료의 의미있는 결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1985

Twenty-four cases of pituitary adenoma, 13 males and 11 females with the age ranging from 11 to 65 years, received radiation therapy(RT) on the pituitary area with 6MV linear accelerator during past 25 months at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College. Of 24 cases of RT, 20 were postoperative and 4 primary. To evaluate the effect of RT, we analysed the alteration of the endocrinologic tests, neurologic abnormalities, major clinical symptoms, endocrinologic changes and improvement in visual problems after RT. The results were as follows ; 1. Major clinical symptoms were headache, visual defects, diabetes insipidus, hypogonadisms and general weakness in decreasing order of frequency. 2. All but the one with Nelson's syndrome showed abnormal neuroradiologic changes in the sella turcica with an invasive tumor mass around supra· and para-sellar area. 3. Endocrinological classifications of the patient were 11 prolactinoma, 4 growth hormone -secreting tumors, 3 ACTH-secreting tumors consisting of one Cushing's disease and two Nelson's syndrome, and 6 nonfunctioning tumors. 4. Eleven of 14 patients, visual problems were improved after treatment but remaining 3 were unchanged. 5. Seven of 11 prolactinomas returned to normal hormonal level after postoperative and primary RT and 3 patients are being treated with bromocriptine (BMCP) but one lost case. 6. Two of 4 growth hormone·secreting tumor returned to normal level after RT but the remaining 2 are being treated with BMCP, as well.