• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

The investigation of the embryonic development of the cerebellum has a long history. The postnatal normal development of the cerebellum in rodents and other animals became a popular topic for morphological investigations nearly a century ago. However, surprisingly, only a few studies are available regarding the prenatal normal development of the rodent cerebellum, especially in guinea pigs. Cell proliferation is essential for the development of the nervous system. The assessment of cell proliferation can be achieved by using various methods. In this study, we investigated the cell proliferation of the cerebellar cortex in guinea pigs at different stages of pregnancy and in postnatal life. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean section at 50 or 60 days of gestation (dg). Immunohistochemistry was performed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody in the cerebellum. Strong PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in the external granular layer (EGL), which is a neurogenic zone in the cerebellum. The proportion of PCNA-IR cells was greater at 1 week than at 60 dg in lobule I, but not lobule VIII. After 50 dg, the width of the EGL continued to decline until 1 week, due to the maturation of the EGL cells. These results demonstrate the pattern of PCNA immunoreactivity in the developing cerebellum of guinea pigs. This serves as a guideline to study abnormal cerebellum development.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101 (sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant and subsequently delivered Sprague-Dawley rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Effects of test agent on dams and growth, behaviour and mating performance of Fl offspring were examined. In dams, one death occurred at 1000 mg/kg. The increase in kidney weight of the 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg group was found. In F1 offspring, both delayed incisors eruption and decreased body weight were observed in females of the 1000 mg/kg group. The increase in the weights of liver and kidney was found in males of the 1000 mg/kg group. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of behaviour and reproductive performance. In F1/F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses tested. The results show that the no effect dose level (NOEL) of SM-101 is under 250 mg/kg/day for dams and 500 mg/kg/day for F1 offspring, and over 1000 mg/kg/day for F1/F2 fetuses.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2010

Objectives : Postpartum depression is a kind of serious problem which influences on the parturients, her family. In this case we tried psychotherapy to postpartum depression patient. Methods : We treated the patient with Oriental psychotherapy. And then we compared postpartum depression before treatment with on after treatment by Korean version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(K-EPDS). Results : After treatments, the clinical symptoms were improved and K-EPDS was reduced 16 to 6. Conclusions : Oriental psychotherapy is effective on postpartum depression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.523-527
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• 2007

Previous studies reported that exposure to noise during pregnancy adversely influenced the development of the fetus and neonate. In Oriental medicine, medications based on Angelicae gigantis radix have been known to be of efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. c-Fos, an immediate early gene whose expression is sometimes used as a marker for stimulus-induced changes in the metabolic activity of neurons. In the present study, the influence of postnatal Angelicae gigantis radix administration on c-Fos expression in the each region of hippocampus of offspring rats with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy was investigated. From the present results, exposure to the prenatal stress during pregnancy enhanced c-Fox expression, whereas exposure to postnatal Angelice gigantis radix suppressed c-Fos expression in the offsprings with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy. Based on the present study, Angelicae gigantis radix may provide new therapeutic opportunities as an agent to counteract the effects of prenatal noise stress- induced hippocampal dysfunction, and may be useful in the treatment of psychiatric problems in children of mothers who have experienced noise stress during pregnancy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1993

The present study was undertaken to provide basic data on endochondral ossification for the axis in developing Miniature Schnauzers. This study was determined to the morphological features and development of growth plast in the axis of this experimental animals by histological and histochemical methods. The axis from 2 healthy Miniature Schnauzers(postnatal 6hr, 5week) was used. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In 5-week-old Miniature Schnauzer, the axis consisted of 4 separate ossification centers : centrum l, intercentrum 2, centrum 2 and epiphysis. Intercentrum 2 was intercalated between centrum 1 cranially, centrum 2 caudally. 2. The space of centrum 1 was more broader than the other ossification centers. 3. The zone of reserved chondrocytes was more extensive than the zone of proliferative chondrocytes, trabeculation was weakly observed, however, the proximal epiphyseal plate of axis was actively trabeculation observed in the zone of calcified chondrocytes. 4. Eighteen columns of chondrocytes were observed in the centrum 1 and five to seven columns of chondrocytes were observed in the centrum 2 of Miniature Schnauzer(postnatal 5 week) 5. A positive reaction to alcianophility was observed in all the territorial matrix at the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in this experimental animals.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2009

Over the past 20 years, neonatal mortality rates for preterm infants, particularly those born extremely preterm and with a very low birth weight, have decreased steadily. As more very immature preterm infants survive, provision of enteral feeding has become a major focus of concern. According to many experts on neonatal nutrition, the goal for the nutrition of preterm infants should be to achieve a postnatal growth rate approximating that of a normal fetus of the same gestational age. Total parenteral nutrition for maintaining nutritional integrity is mandatory before successful transition to enteral feeding. Early initiation of trophic enteral feeding is vital for postnatal adaptation. Recently published randomized controlled trials provide no evidence to support the practice of postponing enteral feeding to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Early trophic feeding yields demonstrable benefits and there is currently no evidence of any adverse effects following early feeding. Preterm milk from the infant's own mother is the milk of choice, which can always be supplemented with a human milk fortifier. Here we review over 50 randomized controlled trials and over seven systematic reviews published on neonatal parenteral and enteral feeding of preterm infants. Neonatologists must make use of the evidence from these studies as a reference for feeding protocols for preterm infants in their NICUs are to be based.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1985

Morphogenesis of rat retina was studied by light and electron microscope from day 14 of gestation to 55 days after birth. The results indicate as follows: 1. At the outer border of the neuroblastic layer at the 14th day of gestation, cells she wed active mitotic figures which result in the increases of thickness and differentiations of this layer. 2. At birth, rat retina is still in a premature state. But, it is begining to approach its adult condition in appearance till the 9th postnatal day. Particulary photosensitive cells are fully developed by the 14th postnatal day, so they are functional from now on. 3. It is observed that the pigment epithelium begins differentiation at the fetal period, but is not functional urtil birth 4. The pigment epithelium differentiates earlier than the neuroblastic layer. It is suggested that these two layers are so closely associated that the pigment epithelium takes part in the differentiations of the neuroblastic layer. In conclusion, rat retina is differentiated soon after the optic cup formation before the 14th day of gestation, but even new born rat retina is not functional, and then it has function as photoreceptors coincided with the eye opening.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.282-294
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments to postpartum depression Methods : We treated the patient who had postpartum depression and visited Joong-hwa oriental hospital. The patient in this case, 36-years-old female, was admitted for 15days(161th/May/2005-30th/May/2005) due to postpartum depression which was measured by EPDS(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and BDI(Beck's depression Inventory). The symptoms of patient are insomnia, anxiety, palpitation, chest discomfort and depression. This patient was treated with Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture at CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan), CV6(Kihae, Qihai), B23(Shinsu, shenshu), GVl5(Amun, Yamen), herb medication, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, moxa treatment, and so forth. Results : As a result, symptoms are remarkably alleviated. Conclusions : Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture is expected to have an effect on postpartum depression. After this, further approach and study on postpartum depression might be needed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2005

Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mice are characterized by death of virtually all cerebellar Purkinje cells by postnatal day 30. In this study, we used DNA microarray analysis to investigate differences in gene expression between the brains of wild type and pcd mice on postnatal day 20, before the appearance of clear-cut phenotypic abnormalities. We identified 300 differentially expressed genes, most of which were involved in metabolic and physiological processes. Among the differentially expressed genes were several calcium binding proteins including calbindin-28k, paravalbumin, matrix gamma-carboxyglutamate protein and synaptotagamins 1 and 13, suggesting the involvement of abnormal $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in the pcd phenotype.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Because synaptic refinement of medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) - lateral superior olive (LSO) synapses is most active during the first postnatal week and the long term depression (LTD) has been suggested as one of its mechanisms, LTD of MNTB-LSO synapses was investigated in neonatal rat brain stem slices with the whole cell voltage clamp technique. In $Mg^{2+}$ free condition, tetanus (10 stimuli at 10 Hz for 2 min) in the current clamp mode induced a robust LTD of isolated D, L-APV-sensitive postsynaptic currents (PSCs) for more than 30 min ($n=6,\;2.4{\pm}0.4%$ of the control), while isolated CNQX-sensitive PSCs were not suppressed ($n=6,\;95.3{\pm}1.6%$). Tetanus also elicited similar LTD in the isolated GABAergic/glycinergic PSCs ($n=6,\;3.6{\pm}0.5%$) and mixed PSCs (GABAergic/glycinergic/glutamatergic) ($n=4,\;2.2{\pm}0.7%$). However, such a strong LTD was not observed in the mixed PSCs when 10 mM EGTA was added in the internal solution (n=10), indicating that postsynaptic $Ca^{2+}$ rise is needed for the strong LTD. This robust LTD might contribute to the active synaptic refinement occurring during the first postnatal week.