• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.775-787
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the postnatal development of pulpal innervation with the tooth development and eruption process in developing rat mandibular molars (postnatal 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35day-old and adult rats). Immunohistochemical method was carried out for the detection of nerve fibers, using the antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP). The results were as follows: The feature of CGRP-IR nerve fibers were shown in a bead-like appearance. The time of nerve entering into the dental papilla of tooth follicle began at the occured advanced dentinogenesis. The development of Raschkow plexus began at the formative stage of the roots and was accelerated at the stage of the crown emerged into the oral cavity. The number of nerve fibers entering the odontoblastic layer increased with the tooth eruption and mastication. The development of innervation was shown to be related with the stage of the development of individual teeth rather than the chronological age of the rat.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.355-366
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• 2018

Purpose: To understand the meaning and essence of Vietnamese migrant women's maternal experience after childbirth. Methods: A phenomenological methodology was used for this study. Study participants were six Vietnamese marriage migrant women who had experience of childbirth in Korea. Data collection period was from February 1 through November 4, 2016. Data were collected through in-depth interview and analyzed with the Giorgi method. Results: As a result of study, six main meanings and 12 themes were produced. The six main meanings produced in this study were 'childbirth realized in the double difficulty', 'concerned health between the ở cữ and the sanhujori', 'tired body with hard parenting', 'crowding regret for international marriage after childbirth', 'Grateful partner becoming the prop', and 'Growing maternal instinct by moving the mind and body in a foreign country'. Conclusion: Consideration for postnatal care is necessary from Vietnamese marriage migrant women's viewpoint. Systematic education programs that can improve nursing capability of medical personnel for multicultured clinical practice with development of a postnatal care program suited to multiculture are also necessary.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to examine the expression pattern of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the maxillary $2^{nd}$ molar germs of rats. We used the maxillary $2^{nd}$ molar germs in rats' pup at postnatal day 3 (bell stage), 6 (crown formation stage) and 9 (root formation stage). The investigation on mRNA and protein levels were done using reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Localization of Keap 1 in the maxillary $2^{nd}$ molar germs were revealed through immunofluorescence staining. Keap1 from the maxillary 2nd molar germs were mostly manifested on postnatal day 3 and dramatically decreased on postnatal day 6 and 9 at mRNA and protein levels, while amelogenin and ameloblastin increased during the development of maxillary 2nd molar germs. During immunofluorescence analysis, the strong immunoreactivity against Keap1 was detected in the apical side of ameloblasts at the presecretory and secretory stages. However, Keap1 expression was hardly observed in the ameloblasts at the maturation stage. These results shows that Keap1 is strongly expressed in the presecretory and secretory ameloblasts of amelogenesis, and suggest that Keap1 may be a crucial molecule for the regulatory mechanisms tasked with the formation of enamel layer.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results in hormone deficiency and can be classified as 1) primary caused by the gonadal failure and 2) secondary by the hypothalamus-pituitary gland dysfunction and/or cardiometabolic complications. Recently the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated, and thus thyroid dysfunctions would be another cause of secondary hypogonadism. Thus, we investigated the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on hypogonadism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) by tap water from gestation day 15, which were compared with negative control (PTU (-)) group. At postnatal day 28, hypothyroid pups were divided into 2 groups: PTU (+) group - continued PTU treatment and PTU (+/-) group - stopped PTU until postnatal day 49. Body weights, dehydrotesosterone (DHT), and testosterone levels were checked 2 and 3 weeks after grouping. Body weights were significantly decreased in PTU(+) and PTU(+/-) groups compared with PTU (-) group at postnatal day 28. 3 weeks later, PTU (+/-) group significantly gained weight compared with PTU (+) group. DHT and testosterone levels significantly decreased with PTU treatment, but increased 3 weeks after stopping PTU administration. Perinatal PTU-induced hypothyroid hypogonadism was sustained for 2 weeks after stopping PTU administration, but restored gonadal hormone levels 3 weeks after stopping PTU. These results suggest that researchers should design an experiment on hypothyroid hypogonadism based on the estimated period.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

The working mechanism of bisphosphonate on bone cells is unclear despite its powerful inhibitory activity on bone resorption. The differentiation and activation of osteoclasts are essential for bone resorption and are controlled by the stimulatory RANKL and inhibitory OPG molecules. Teeth exhibit a range of movement patterns during their eruption to establish their form and function, which inevitably accompanies peripheral bone resorption. Hence, the mandible, which contains the teeth during their eruption processes, is a good model for revealing the inhibitory mechanism of bisphosphonate upon bone resorption. In the present study, RANKL and OPG expression were examined immunohistochemically in the mandible of rats with developing teeth after alendronate administration (2.5 mg/kg). The preeruptive mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 to 10 showed the developing stages from bell to crown. No morphological changes in tooth formation were observed after alendronate administration. The number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone around the developing teeth decreased markedly at postnatal days 3, 7 and 10 compared with the control group. RANKL induced strong positive immunohistochemical reactions in the dental follicles and stromal cells around the mandibular first molar. In particular, many osteoclasts with strongly positive reactions to RANKL appeared above the developing mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 and 10. Immunohistochemical reactions with RANKL after alendronate administration were weaker than the control groups. However, the immunohistochemical reactivity to OPG was stronger after alendronate administration, at postnatal days 3 and 10. These results suggest that alendronate may decrease bone resorption by regulating the RANKL/OPG pathway in the process of osteoclast formation, resulting in a delay in tooth eruption.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.651-658
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• 2004

Runx2 is a transcription factor in homologous with Drosophila runt gene and it is essential for bone formation during embryogenesis and a critical gene for osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast function. Runx2-haploinsufficency causes cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). CCD is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder characterized by hypoplastic clevicle and delayed ossification in fontanelles and wormian bones. Dental defects are possibly shown to CCD patients : multiple supernumerary teeth, irregular and compressed permanent tooth crowns, hypoplastic and hypomineralized defects in enamel and dentin, an excess of epithelial root remnants, the absence of cellular cementum, and abnormally shaped roots. In addition, delayed eruption of the secondary dentition is a constant finding. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Runx2 in the tooth development and eruption through analyzing the expression pattern of Runx2 by in situ hybridization during crown (late bell stage) and root formation of tooth, using postnatal day 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 mice mandibular molar teeth. mRNA of Runx2-full length is expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue at postnatal day1 and 4. At postnatal day 7, it is expressed in ameloblasts of occlusal surface of enamel and bone area surrounding the tooth. In comparison with previous stage, at postnatal day 14, it is expressed in ameloblasts of proximal surface of enamel. At postnatal day 21 it's expression is observed only in bone area. mRNA of Runx2-typeII is not expressed. At postnatal day 1 and 7. At postnatal day 14 and 21, it's expression is observed in the bone area. In this study, we suggest that Runx2 have a relation of ameloblasts differentiation and an important role to tooth eruption made by dental follicle during intraosseous eruption stage. Also we can confirm that Runx2 has a role to bone formation.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.72.1-72
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Postpartum depression is a kind of serious problem which influences on the postpartum woman, her family and infant. It has been known to be caused by many factors and some depression scales have been used to assess the degree of postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS) is simple and efficient method. Because of the difficulty of diagnosis and valuation on the postpartum depression, there has been a few case report on oriental medical treatment. I report one postpartum depression case which was valuated by EPDS and had objective evidence. In this case herbal treatment and acupuncture was efficacious on the postpartum depression. I think, though six month has passed from parturition, there need to be treated after parturition weakness and deficiency point of view.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2011

The pathologic hallmark of new bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an arrest in alveolarization and vascular development. Alveoli are the fully mature gas-exchange units and alveolarization denotes the process through which the developing lung attains its fully mature structure. In human, alveolarization is mainly a postnatal event and begins in utero around 35 postmenstrual weeks and continues to 2 postnatal years. Beginning of respiration with very immature lungs as a result of preterm delivery renders the immature lung to be exposed to various injuries such as mechanical stretch, hyperoxia, infection/inflammation and leads to a disruption of normal alveolarization process, which is a main pathologic finding of BPD. Better understanding of the control mechanisms of normal alveolarization process should help us to figure out the pathophysiology of BPD and discover effective preventive or therapeutic measures for BPD. In this review, the pathologic evolution of BPD from 'old' to 'new' BPD, the detailed mechanisms of normal alveolarization, and the factors that disrupt normal alveolarization will be discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2009

The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births is frequent, accounting for 2.3% to 8% of all live births. Several childhood and adult diseases are related to early postnatal growth and birth size, and 10% of children born SGA may have a short stature throughout postnatal life. Additionally, they may have abnormal growth hormone (GH)-insulin like growth factor axis, HPA axis, and gonadal function. Permanent changes are detrimental in an environment of nutritional abundance, and predispose SGA children to an array of diseases in adolescence and adulthood. Such changes may also cause premature pubarche, adrenarche, and precocious puberty. The varying results from clinical studies necessitate more prospective case control studies. Reproductive tract abnormalities and reproductive dysfunction are related to SGA births. GH treatment is required for SGA infants who do not experience catch-up growth.