• Spatial Information Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2004

금강의 중ㆍ상류부에 위치한 인공호수인 대청호 유역의 경우, 최근 급격한 인구증가와 물자생산, 그리고 이들의 결과로 인한 각종 오염물질의 증가로 수질보전과 관리에 심각한 문제가 야기되고 있으므로, 이에 대한 집중적인 수질관리가 요구된다. 이들 문제를 해결하기 위하여 지난 수년간 많은 연구가 수행되었지만 근본적인 해결의 실마리를 찾지 못하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 현재 수행되고 있는 수질관리가 미흡한 것으로 나타나고 있어 이를 보완할 새로운 관리기법의 도입이 시급히 요구되고 있지만 이에 대한 체계적인 기술축적과 자료 및 경험의 부족으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 WASP5 모형을 이용하여 대청호의 수질을 해석하고 GIS와 연계시켜 수질관리시스템을 구축함으로서 효율적이고 과학적인 수질관리가 이루어지도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. WASP5 모형을 대청호의 실측치와 비교하여 모형의 보정과 검증을 수행하였고, 수질관리시스템 구축을 위한 GIS와의 연계는 ArcView의 Avenue를 이용하여 구성하였다. Avenue를 통한 다양한 메뉴 구성 및 이를 통한 모의수행은 사용자 요구나 편의에 맞게 손쉽게 처리할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 따라서, GIS 환경하에서 실제적이고 효율적인 수질관리 뿐만 아니라 장래수질의 예측도 가능하기 때문에 대청호 이외에 다른 유역에 대한 활용성도 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.284-295
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• 2012

본 연구는 간호의 질을 향상시키기 위해 간호사를 위한 환자안전보고촉진전략을 개발하고 평가하기 위한 것으로, 구축-실행-평가단계로 진행하였다. 구축단계는 분석과 검증의 하위단계로 구성되는데, 분석단계에서는 문헌고찰과 현장연구의 단계로 구성되고, 검증의 단계는 두 명의 전문가에 의해 평가받는 과정을 거쳤다. 이 단계를 통해 환자안전보고시스템, 교육자료, 홍보계획, 보상으로 구성된 환자안전보고촉진전략을 개발하였다. 실행단계에서는 구축단계에서 개발된 내용을 일개 병원에서 근무 중인 간호사 51명을 대상으로 12주간의 중재 후, 활용 후 만족도, 스트레스인식, 업무성과정도를 전-후 점수를 비교하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 설계는 단일군 전후설계를 적용하였고 서술통계 및 paired t-test 를 SPSS WIN 18.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 중재 후 업무성과는 3.62점에서 3.75점으로 유의하게 향상시켰다(t=2.653, p=.009). 반면 환자안전보고촉진전략의 활용이 대상자들의 직무 스트레스를 증가시킬 것이라는 가정 하에 중재 전-후 점수를 비교한 결과 중재 전 3.06점에서 중재 후 3.13으로 약간 증가하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다(t=.785, p=.434). 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 전략은 많은 임상환경에 적용할 수 있을 것이고 간호사를 위한 환자안전보고를 촉진하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램이라 사료된다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2002

This study is a descriptive comparative investigated one to analyze nursing education system and curriculum of Korea and China trans-culturally. 1) Education System The basic level of nursing education in Korea consisted of 65 3-year- junior college of nursing (7379 students) and 48 4-year-bachelor of nursing college (2345 students) in 2000 showing more 3-year-junior college of nursing and its students. In China, western nursing as well as Chinese nursing education system were operating. In 2000, 501 western school of middle technical nursing, 29 school of middle technical nursing of middle level education, and 89 3-year western and 24 Chinese junior college of nursing, and 42 4-year western bachelor of nursing college and 10 Chinese of high level education have been established. The presence of Chinese school of middle technical nursing system seemed to be in slower development in nursing than Korea, but that of Chinese nursing education seemed to be advanced with its national identification prior to Korea. Post graduate continuous education for RN-Diploma and RN-BSN program has been opened as in Korea. The Hosa(護士) system in school of middle technical nursing in China reflects lower level of education than Korea. But it can be a merit, other than in Korea, without nurses aids, when they are acting under supervision of nurses and led by them, and there presents a special course for promotion up to high level education. Graduate school in Korea is divided into general type opening a curriculum for MS in 1960 and as of 2000, 21 general types for majoring in nursing. The PhD course in Korea was established in 1978, and after that the PhD courses have been opening in 14 universities at present. China established master degree course in 1991 and as of 7 colleges are ongoing, and the doctoral course is now under planning, resulting slower development than Korea. 2) Education of theory and clinical practice in Korea and Chine (1) Korea's 3-year junior nursing college have 51 subjects, 49 subjects in China, which was not different. China was following education of ideology and medical. 4-year Bachelor of Science College has 92 subjects in Korea with cultural subjects and essential major studies/elective in theory education in Korea, while 63 subjects in China, showed wider selection in Korea's education. (2) Korea's 3-year and 4-year nursing colleges performed clinical practice education parallel with theoretical education for a certain period, block or theory/practice system. While China's 3-year and 4 or 5-year-colleges educated the theory first and then practice for one year in the last grade, integrating each situation of the departments and the theory. (3) Korea's oriental nursing theory in nursing education was performed in 28 colleges of 65 nationwide ones of 3-year junior nursing colleges, but only one school was educating clinical practice. In 4-year bachelor of nursing colleges, the oriental nursing theory was done in 14 among 48 investigated. And 1-4 subjects of them were doing, and 4 schools performed of clinical practice, showing more reinforced than the junior colleges. China's 3-year and 4-5-year western nursing colleges taught two subjects of Chinese medicine nursing. China's 3-year & 4-5-year College of Chinese medicine nursing, theory of Chines medicine nursing education taught eight subjects. (4) 5-year colleges of Chinese medicine western integrated nursing, theory of Chinese medicine nursing education consisted of twelve Chinese medicine nursing subjects and two of Chinese medicine western integrated nursing subjects. China was tempting a new development of a pattern of Chinese medicine nursing subjects reinforced. 3) The verification of Korean and Chinese nurse's license. The verification test of Chinese nurses license is differentiated at the level of education other than in Korea. Expire date is 2 years and a qualified test must be done to a renewal. And the continuing education hours are 72 per year, which is more enforced than Korean nurses (10 hours a year). In accordance with WTO regulations, we should prepare for opening foreign hospital, educating oriental nursing subjects. And on this, it is recommendable to settle a basic frame research to run the oriental nursing practice ongoing. 1. It is desirable to develop the oriental nursing subjects to apply its idea to the western nursing and differentiate Korean nursing. 2. It is desirable to certify oriental nurse's characters, to expand and develop the nursing areas to practice it, and to establish the oriental nursing system. 3. It is expectable to promote Korean nursing specialization to develop the oriental nursing as a professional and to create its demand.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the microbiological quality of HACCP application in school foodservice operations. The microbiological quality of foods and utensils were evaluated two times at each critical control point (CCP) with 3M petrifilm in five Daegu elementary schools. Two processes were evaluated: Heating process and after-heating process. The CCPs of the heating process were receiving, cooking and serving temperatures. The CCPs of the after-heating process were personal hygiene, cross contamination avoidance and serving temperature. After the first experiment, 31 employees of five schools were classroom educated, trained on-site, and pre- and post-tested on HACCP-based sanitation with the goal of improving the microbiological quality of the foodservice. Scores representing knowledge of holding, thawing, washing, food temperature, sanitizing and food-borne illness increased after education. In the heating process, internal food temperatures in the first and second experiments were higher than 74$^{\circ}C$, the holding temperature in the first experiment was less than 6$0^{\circ}C$. In the second experiment, the serving temperature improved to a satisfactory level. The microbiological quality in the second experiment improved by decreasing the time from cooking to serving. In the after-heating process, the ingredients were boiled before being cut in the first experiment. In the second experiment, ingredients were cut before being boiled, improving microbiological quality. Also in the second experiment, cooking just before serving food improved its microbiological quality through time-temperature control. These results strongly suggest it is essential to measure microbiological quality regularly and to educate employees on HACCP continuously, especially time-temperature control and cross contamination avoidance in order to improve foodservice quality.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 KSLV-I 관성항법유도장치 관성계측부에 대한 오차 모델 확인 및 항법오차 추정을 위해 관성항법유도장치 탑재 소프트웨어를 통한 정렬 및 항법계산 결과와 관성계측유닛 후처리 소프트웨어인 Inertial Explorer를 통한 정렬 및 항법계산 결과를 비교하였다. Inertial Explorer의 칼만필터를 통한 관성계측부 오차 추정 정확도 확인을 위해 Allan Variance를 통한 관성계측부 확률적 오차모델을 이용하여 관성계측부 오차모델 상태변수 공분산 값을 설정하였고, 정적상태에서의 정렬 및 항법시험, 동적환경에서의 주행항법시험을 수행하였다. INGU 탑재 소프트웨어와 Inertial Explorer를 통한 정렬 및 항법계산 결과 비교를 통해 본 논문에 설정한 KSLV-I 관성항법유도장치 관성센서 오차모델의 유효성을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2014

This research analyzed the current situation and problems with an environmental impact assessment to provide a rational ocean physics assessment technique for power plant thermal effluent. This research also tried to create an improvement plan for heated effluent diffusion impact assessment by examining the reporting regulations for environmental impact assessment, national and international evaluation guidelines, etc. In the case of evaluating the oceanographic impact of heated effluent discharged from power plants, a pre-investigation is necessary before a full-scale presentence investigation, to accurately predict and minimize power plant construction effects on the surrounding environments. Before this presentence investigation, moreover, an integrated presentence plan, which agrees with the business plan, effect prediction, and post-investigation, needs to be established. A sufficient summit investigation must be made, which considers climate changes, and new and additional power plant construction. For accurate long-term oceanic environmental change prediction, the credibility of effect prediction must be elevated by presenting an evaluation method that is categorized by numerical organization models, verification methods, result presentation, and other things. Furthermore, unproductive conflicts between the people involved in heated effluent evaluation should be reduced by these improvement plans.

• 대기
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to build and evaluate a high-resolution (50 m) KMAPP (Korea Meteorological Administration Post Processing) reflecting building data. KMAPP uses LDAPS (Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) data to detail ground wind speed through surface roughness and elevation corrections. During the detailing process, we improved the vegetation roughness data to reflect the impact of city buildings. AWS (Automatic Weather Station) data from a total of 48 locations in the metropolitan area including Seoul in 2019 were used as the observation data used for verification. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by dividing the experiment according to the method of improving the vegetation roughness length. KMAPP has been shown to improve the tendency of LDAPS to over simulate surface wind speeds. Compared to LDAPS, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is improved by approximately 23% and Mean Bias Error (MBE) by about 47%. However, there is an error in the roughness length around the Han River or the coastline. Accordingly, the surface roughness length was improved in KMAPP and the building information was reflected. In the sensitivity experiment of improved KMAPP, RMSE was further improved to 6% and MBE to 3%. This study shows that high-resolution KMAPP reflecting building information can improve wind speed accuracy in urban areas.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2021

Objectives: As the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) increases worldwide, systematic verification of the safety of HMPs is required. The induction of cardiotoxicity is one of the major factors in post-approval withdrawal of medicinal products, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment is emerging as an important step in drug development. In the present study, we evaluated human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel-related cardiotoxicity to predict the risk of cardiac arrhythmia in thirteen herbal medicines known to have cardiac toxicity. Methods: We measured the inhibition rate of hERG potassium channel activity of 13 medicinal herbal extracts in hERG-expressing HEK 293 cells using an automated patch-clamping system. Quinidine was used as a positive control for inhibition of hERG activity. Results: Extracts of Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber potently inhibited the activity of hERG, and IC₅₀ values were 3.158, 19.87, and 41.26 ㎍/mL, respectively. Cnidi Fructus, Ephedra Herba, Lithospermi Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Visci Ramulus et Folium, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma, and Scolopendra weakly inhibited hERG activity, and the IC₅₀ value for each herbal medicine was more than 400 ㎍/mL. Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber and two types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Po and Yeom) had weak inhibitory activity against hERG, and the IC₅₀ values were more than 700 ㎍/mL. The IC₅₀ value of quinidine against hERG was 1.021 𝜇M. Conclusion: Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber acted as potent inhibitors against hERG. These herbal medicines may cause cardiac arrhythmia through QT prolongation, so care should be taken when taking them.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.425-435
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• 2017

구조해석은 대기업뿐 만 아니라 중소 중견기업에서도 제품 납품을 위한 인증절차의 강화 및 개념설계에서 상세설계로 진행되는 프로세스에서의 시간 단축을 위해 시험과 함께 필수 절차로 활용되고 있다. 적은 비용으로 활용이 가능한 오픈소스 솔버는 자동으로 전처리 데이터를 생성해주는 상용 솔버와 다르게 격자와 같은 입력데이터가 문제가 있을 경우 계산단계에서 오류나 실패하는 경우가 빈번하게 발생할 수 있기 때문에 비 전문가가 활용하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 구조해석 오픈소스 솔버(Caculix, Code_Aster)를 이용하여 사용자가 손쉽게 기계적 구조 문제의 분석에 활용이 가능한 전 후 처리기를 개발하였다. 특히, 3D 모델, 격자, 시뮬레이션 조건, 결과 정보 분석 등의 각 단계에서 오픈소스 솔버에 따라서 상이한 형태의 데이터를 분석하고 그에 맞는 정확한 정보를 추출 및 생성하는 알고리즘을 개발하여 적용하였다. 또한, 오픈소스 솔버의 계산 정확도를 높이고 오류를 방지하기 위하여 솔버 특성에 맞는 격자를 생성해주고 격자 모델의 자동 힐링 기능을 개발하였다. 마지막으로 해당 시스템의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 사용소프트웨어와 비교한 검증 결과와 활용 결과를 설명한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권3호
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• pp.466-475
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• 2011

본 연구는 산림전용정보와 GIS 정보를 상호 이용하여 산림전용지의 공간특성 분석과 함께 탄소배출량 파악을 목적으로 수행하였다. 최근 9년간(2000년부터 2008년까지) 산림에서 비산림으로 전용된 면적은 약 649 ha로, 연간 약 72 ha의 산림전용이 발생하였다. 행정구역 단위별 면적대비 전용발생률을 보면, 원주시는 약 0.74%로, 강원도 전용발생률보다는 0.34% 높게 나타났으나, 전국 전용발생률보다는 약 0.06%낮게 나타났다. 한편, 산림전용 목적별 형태는 행정구역 단위와 상관없이 유사하게 발생하였으며, 주거지, 기타 토지, 농경지, 초지의 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 산림전용은 기존 주택 및 건물로부터의 접근성이 도로로부터의 접근성보다 근접한 곳에서 발생하였으며, 300 m 기준으로는 약 1.2배정도 높게 발생하였다. 전체 산림전용발생의 70%는 0.5 ha미만의 지역에서 발생하였으며, 91%는 1 ha미만의 지역에서 발생하였다. 산림전용에 따른 총 탄소배출량은 약 23,424 tC이며, 연평균 2,603 tC로 나타났다. ha당 탄소배출량은 36.1 tC/ha로 나타났다. GIS에 의한 전용지의 공간특성을 파악함에 따라 Post-2012에 대비 온실가스 통계검증시스템 구축을 위한 기초적인 자료로서 유용하리라 생각된다.