• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.385-390
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the long term prognosis of Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy in dogs with early primary glaucoma. The medical records of dogs with early primary glaucoma from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University between January 2005 and May 2008 were reviewed. Five dogs underwent Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy was performed in six dogs. Breeds of the dogs included Shih Tzu(n = 7), American cocker spaniel(n = 2), and miniature poodle(n = 2). Adequate intraocular pressure(IOP) was better maintained in the Ahmed valve implantation group than in the medical treatment group throughout the follow-up period. Mean time for vision loss to develop after treatment in the Ahmed valve implantation group($198.0{\pm}115.4$ days) was significantly longer than that in medical treatment group($43.2{\pm}30.4$ days, p < 0.05). Post-operative complications included occlusion of the tube by fibrin in the anterior chamber (n = 1), fibrous capsule about the episcleral base of the device(n = 1), and dislocation of the valve body(n = 1). It is considered that Ahmed valve implantation is more effective strategy to control IOP and maintain vision than medical treatment in early glaucomatous dogs.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2017

Background: After a stroke, the control of the trunk muscle may be severely impaired. Due to the importance of trunk control in complex daily postures, the ability to adopt a correct sitting posture is considered a determinant of the recovery of independent function after a stroke. Objects: The purposes of this study were to compare differences in buttock pressure between the left and right sides of hemiplegic patients and differences in their pelvic tilting angles (sagittal and coronal planes) after sitting training with visual biofeedback (VBF) in real time. Methods: Twenty-two individuals with unilateral strokes (11 left-side and 11 right-side hemiplegic stroke patients) participated in this study. Buttock pressure was measured using a pressure mat, and pelvic angles were measured using a palpation meter. Results: The asymmetry of pressure between the right and left (first and third chamber) sides was significantly decreased after the VBF training. The measurements obtained using the palpation meter revealed a significant decrease in the pelvic angles pre- versus post-intervention. Conclusion: VBF training may be distribute a patient's buttock pressure equally while in a sitting posture and increase the length of time a stroke patient can maintain a symmetrical sitting posture. It can also improve pelvic control while sitting in a neutral position.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

The combustion characteristics of gaseous methane-gaseous oxygen, an eco-friendly bipropellant injected by shear coaxial injector, were investigated. Flame was photographed under various combustion conditions using a DSLR camera, and the characteristics of the flame shape was quantified by image post-processing. From the view point of stabilization, the diffusion flame could be divided into anchored flame regime and blow-off regime. As the oxidizer Reynolds number ($Re_o$) increased, a probability of the formation of anchored flame increased with the length of flame. The shear coaxial injector used in this experiment was found to require a large length-to-diameter ratio of combustion chamber because it formed a relatively long flame in the injection direction due to a poor mixing depending only on the momentum diffusion of two propellant jets.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.121-135
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• 2010

This study was to analyze the architectural characteristics and facade construction of brick masonry auditorium through the Auditorium of Namsan Primary School in 1936. The results of this study were described separately as follows. 1. The auditorium is located away from the school buildings, and its plane is a chamber of rectangle type with an entrance installed on each of the four sides. 2. The external appearance is Renaissance eclectic style, laid red bricks on the lower wall of the window and having a mansard roof. The front and the rear are symmetric with respect to the projected wall at the center. 3. As to the structure of the building, a concrete lower wall was built on the concrete continuous footing, and the brick wall was constructed on the lower wall. The roof is queen post roof truss, and the wall girders were installed on the brick wall. 4. The auditorium has had a number of repairing and maintenance works, which changed the roof and windows outside and the floor, walls, ceiling, etc. inside. 5. The decorative elements of external appearance include lower wall, brick wall, entrances, windows, roof, and dormer windows. The brick wall gives verticality and solidity to the surface of the wall, and the lower wall and wall girders are connected like a cornice of the wall. The surface of the mansard roof and dormer windows express a stable vertically oriented shape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.797-802
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• 2017

This paper describes the scale effect of hybrid rocket motor which has blow-down oxidizer supply system. ResuIts show that the scale effect on regression rate is negligible using presently accessible scaling relation for $LN_2O$/PE propellant combination amid the absence of exactly proven scaling relation. It was also found that the characteristic velocity efficiency increases as motor scale increases. However, the characteristic velocity efficiency includes complicated parameters such as post-chamber configuration or geometry which can affect the entire flow field. It is therefore hard to conclude that the increase of efficiency is solely due to the enlargement of motor scale nor draw any conclusion on the scale effect which require a profound understanding of hybrid rocket scaling rules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.3 s.162
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• pp.343-350
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• 2007

This study compared and studied the clothing mobility of two types of aerobic clothes - those made of currently popular stretch materials and those made of new stretch materials that were specially developed for this study. The focus of the comparison was on the range of joint movement during activity, and the physiological burden imposed on the body by the clothes. In total, 18 experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in an artificial climatic chamber with a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, air humidity of $60{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and negligible air movement. Each exercise program consisted of a 30-minute of aerobic workout and a 20-minute rest following the exercise. Measurements were taken to determine the following: physiological reactions (whole-body and local sweat rates), subjective sensations(of temperature, humidity, comfort, tightness, and clothing wetness), joint angle(measured with a goniometer), and so on. The results of the study us as follows: Material B excels in clothing mobility. Material C excels in sweat absorbency and drying speed. Material A was found to be the hottest material, while material C was found to be slightly hot through the analysis of the change in pre- and post-exercise bodyweight(= amount of sweat). Regarding the amount of evaporated sweat, material A>material C>material B. Material B produced the smallest amount of evaporated sweat. The wider the range of joint movement, the smaller the amount of sweat and the lower the average skin temperature.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2015

Using the Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) cultivar 'Chun-goang' as a host and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a pathogen, we studied the effects of ambient temperature ($13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$) on disease intensity and the speed of systemic infection. The optimal temperature for symptom expression of TuMV was $18-28^{\circ}C$. However, symptoms of viral infection were initiated at $23-28^{\circ}C$ and 6 days post infection (dpi). Plants maintained at $33^{\circ}C$ were systemically infected as early as 6 dpi and remained symptomless until 12 or 22 dpi, depending on growth stage at the time of inoculation. It took 45 days for infection of plants grown at $13^{\circ}C$. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results showed that the accumulation of virus coat protein was greater in plants grown at $23-28^{\circ}C$. The speed of systemic infection increased linearly with rising ambient temperature, up to $23^{\circ}C$. The zero-infection temperature was $10.1^{\circ}C$. To study the effects of abruptly elevated temperatures on systemic infection, plants inoculated with TuMV were maintained at $10^{\circ}C$ for 20 d; transferred to a growth chamber at temperatures of $13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$, or $33^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, or 3 d; and then moved back to $10^{\circ}C$. The numbers of plants infected increased as duration of exposure to higher temperatures and dpi increased.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2015

Isolates of the rice blast fungus show a range of tissue-specificities infecting leaves, nodes, neck and panicles. Although neck and panicle blast cause significantly greater yield losses than the leaf blast, virulence tests of the blast isolates have been performed only rice leaves instead of neck and panicles. In this study, we have developed a virulence test method for neck and panicle blast. We selected three representative isolates from each of leaf, neck, and panicle blast. We observed that severe disease lesions developed on the neck and the panicles when the infected rice plants were incubated in a dew chamber for 48 h instead of 24 h when tested on leaves. Unlike the leaf blast, a typical lesion on the neck and panicles appeared after 14 days post-infection as opposed to 7 days with leaf blast. This method will be applied to examine tissue-specificity of the rice blast fungus isolates.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess coronal discoloration induced by the following intracanal medicaments: calcium hydroxide (CH), a mixture of CH paste and chlorhexidine gel (CH/CHX), and triple antibiotic paste (3Mix). Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted single-canal teeth were selected. Access cavities were prepared and each canal was instrumented with a rotary ProTaper system. The specimens were randomly assigned to CH, CH/CHX, and 3Mix paste experimental groups (n = 20 each) or a control group (n = 10). Each experimental group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups (A and B). In subgroup A, medicaments were only applied to the root canals, while in subgroup B, the root canals were completely filled with medicaments and a cotton pellet dipped in medicament was also placed in the pulp chamber. Spectrophotometric readings were obtained from the mid-buccal surface of the tooth crowns immediately after placing the medicaments (T1) and at 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 3 months (T4) after filling. The ${\Delta}E$ was then calculated. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), 3-way ANOVA, and the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test. Results: The greatest color change (${\Delta}E$) was observed at 3 months (p < 0.0001) and in 3Mix subgroup B (p = 0.0057). No significant color change occurred in the CH (p = 0.7865) or CH/CHX (p = 0.1367) groups over time, but the 3Mix group showed a significant ${\Delta}E$ (p = 0.0164). Conclusion: Intracanal medicaments may induce tooth discoloration. Use of 3Mix must be short and it must be carefully applied only to the root canals; the access cavity should be thoroughly cleaned afterwards.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.183-186
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• 2022

Plastic surgery around the eyes is usually performed under local anesthesia, using a mixture of lidocaine and epinephrine. Blindness is a rare but devastating complication after the injection of local anesthesia in this region. Most cases reported to date have been caused by occlusion of the ophthalmic artery or central retinal artery. In this case report, however, we present a highly unusual case of blindness caused by corneal edema after a local anesthetic injection. A patient visited the emergency room with a laceration on the eyebrow, and local anesthesia was injected before suturing. Immediately after the injection, severe corneal edema developed, making it impossible to observe the structures in the anterior chamber in detail or check the light reflex and visual acuity of the naked eye. An antibiotic (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) and high-concentration steroid eyedrops were promptly applied. High-concentration steroids were also administered orally. On day 13 post-injury, the visual acuity of the naked eye improved to 1.0, and no recurrence of corneal lesions was observed. Although the cause of corneal edema after the local injection could not be conclusively identified, we hope that this report will help raise clinicians' awareness of this complication and appropriate treatment methods.