• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1027-1038
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) on elementary students' concept formation and their retention. Also we explored the interaction effect of those with scientific attitudes. We developed mirrors/lenses lessons incorporating SWH. An experimental group of fifth grade students (n=25) had been instructed with SWH lessons for six periods while a control group (n=25) taught according to the normal science lessons based on the Korean national curriculum using teacher's guides published by the Ministry of Education. Results of pre- and post-test of understanding the concept of mirrors and lenses showed a positive impact of SWH on both male and female students. However, the retention effect after post-test revealed that SWH only had an effect on female students' scientific attitudes. SWH, therefore, could be an effective teaching approach especially on concept formation, retention effects by fostering female students' scientific attitudes.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호통권48호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2000

외부 후 긴장 공법은 설계에 수반되는 구조해석이 비교적 명확하여 강교량 구조물뿐만 아니라 건축구조물 등 그 적용 범위가 매우 넓은 보강방법이다. 본 연구에서는 후 긴장 공법에 있어서 긴장력 도입 과정의 강합성보의 거동을 연구하기 위하여 긴장력 증가에 따른 긴장재, 경간 중앙부 하부 플랜지, 정착단 주형 하부 플랜지의 도입 변형율과 긴장재 절곡 각도에 따른 도입 전단력 및 압축력을 실험 및 해석적으로 분석하였다. 또한 긴장력 도입 후 정적 휨 재하 실험을 수행하여 긴장력 도입 정도에 따른 휨 보강 정도를 분석하였으며, 절곡 각도의 변화에 따른 전단보강 및 휨 보강 양상을 연구하였다. 그 결과 외부 후 긴장력 도입에 따른 휨 보강 효과가 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 긴장재의 절곡 배치에 의해서는 추가적으로 전단보강 효과까지 나타났다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

PURPOSE. Debonding of a composite resin core of the fiber post often occurs at the interface between these two materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different surface treatment methods on bond strength between fiber posts and composite core. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty-four fiber posts were picked in two groups (Hetco and Exacto). Each group was further divided into four subgroups using different surface treatments: 1) silanization; 2) sandblasting; 3) Treatment with 24% $H_2O_2$, and 4) no treatment (control group). A cylindrical plexiglass matrix was placed around the post and filled with the core resin composite. Specimens were stored in 5000 thermal cycles between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$. Tensile bond strength (TBS) test and evaluation using stereomicroscope were performed on the specimen and the data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Post Hoc Scheffe tests and Fisher's Exact Test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There was a significant difference between the effect of different surface treatments on TBS ($P$ <.001) but different brands of post ($P$=.743) and interaction between the brand of post and surface treatment ($P$=.922) had no significant effect on TBS. Both silanization and sandblasting improved the bonding strength of fiber posts to composite resin core, but there were not any significant differences between these groups and control group. CONCLUSION. There was not any significant difference between two brands of fiber posts that had been used in this study. Although silanization and sandblasting can improve the TBS, there was not any significant differences between surface treatments used.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.343-360
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• 2017

The post-flutter state of streamlined steel box girder is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear aerodynamic self-excited forces of the bridge deck cross section were investigated by CFD dynamic mesh technique and then the nonlinear flutter derivatives were identified on this basis. Secondly, based on the 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) coupling flutter theory, the torsional amplitude and the nonlinear flutter derivatives were introduced into the traditional direct flutter calculation method, and the original program was improved to the "post-flutter state analysis program" so that it can predict not only the critical flutter velocity but also the movement of the girder in the post-flutter state. Finally, wind tunnel tests were set to verify the method proposed in this paper. The results show that the effect of vertical amplitude on the nonlinear flutter derivatives is negligible, but the torsional amplitude is not; with the increase of wind speed, the post-flutter state of streamlined steel box girder includes four stages, namely, "little amplitude zone", "step amplitude zone", "linearly growing amplitude zone" and "divergence zone"; damping ratio has limited effect on the critical flutter velocity and the steady state response in the post-flutter state; after flutter occurs, the vibration form is a single frequency vibration coupled with torsional and vertical DOF.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.294-296
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• 2005

Several duplex overlaied-weldments which have different ferrite ratio were prepared by changing welding heat input ant post weld heat treatment were carried out to understand the effect of the ferrite ratio on the precipitation during post weld heat treatment. High heat input weldment indicated low ferrite ratio, while low heat input weldment has high ferrite ratio. Low ferrite ratio weldment showed much and faster precipitation. But high ferrite ratio weldment showed less and slower precipitation.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rigidity of post core systems on stress distribution by the finite element stress analysis method. Three-dimensional finite element models simulating an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor restored with a zirconia crown were prepared. Each model contained cortical bone, trabecular bone, periodontal ligament, 4mm apical root canal filling, and post-and-core. A 50N static occlusal load was applied to the palatal surface of the crown with a $60^{\circ}$ angle to the long axis of the tooth. And three parallel type post (zirconia, glass fiber and stainless steel) and two core (Paracore and Tetric ceram) materials were evaluated, respectively. The differences in stress transfer characteristics of the models were analyzed. von Mises stresses were chosen for presentation of results and maximum displacement and hydrostatic pressure were also calculated. For the Result of the research, the model applied glass fiber to post material has lowest von Mises stress and it is suitable for material of post core systems.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.514-521
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• 2006

In strengthening structure, the external post-tensioning method which secure clearness in the structure analysis process is adopted to bridge as well as architecture structure. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to investigate the effects and application of external post-tensioning method for steel plate girder bridge. It analyzed the mechanical behaviors of steel plate girder bridge with applying external post-tensioning on the finite element analysis and laboratory test for the dynamic characteristics. As a result, the reinforcement of steel plate girder bridge the external post-tensioning method are obviously effective for the response which is non-reinforced. The analytical and experimental study are carried out to investigate the post-tension force decrease stress and deflection on steel plate girder bridge for serviceability. It is investigated that the change degree of natural frequency is very low with applying the external post-tensioning method. The servicing steel plate girder bridge with external post-tensioning is the reasonable reinforcement measures which could be secured the stability of dynamic behavior and increase a dropped durability.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothetical model designed to explain the post-traumatic stress and burnout in firefighters. Six exogenous variables such as career, control, impact mobilization frequency, life event, work burden, social support, and four endogenous variables, eg., mobilization impact, coping, post-traumatic stress, burnout were considered for the study. The target population for the distribution of the questionnaire was 428 firefighters in Daejeon, Chungnam Province, Seoul and Kyonggi Province. The data was collected about five weeks, July 12-August 25, 1999. The survey instrument was 8 control items by Seo(1995), 10 life event items by Brugha and Cragg(1990), 20 work burden items by Choi(2000), 12 social support items by Park(1985), post-traumatic stress of 17 items by Foa et al.(1998) and 45 items by Kang(1997). The reliability of the survey instrument and the cronbach's alpha was .62 - .93 level. SAS PC Program and LISREL 8.12a program were used for descriptive statistics and linear structural relationship(LISREL) modeling. Based on the data collected, the following results were obtained. 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good (${\chi}^2=54.65$ [df=17, p=0.000007], RMSEA=0.07, standardized RMR=0.03, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.91, NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.75). 2. After considering statistical significance and theoretical meaningfulness of paths of the model, a modified model was sought. Compared to the hypothetical model, the modified model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data(${\chi}^2=55.90$ [df=20, p=0.0003], RMSEA=0.06, standardized RMR=0.03, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.93, NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.80). 3. The results of statistical testing of hypotheses were as follows: (1) Work burden, career had a significantly direct effect on mobilization impact. These variables explained 9% of the total variance of mobilization impact. (2) Control, social support, work burden, mobilization impact had a significantly direct effect on coping. These variables explained 15% of the total variance of coping. (3) Control, work burden, social support, coping had a significantly direct effect on post-traumatic stress. These variables explained 49% of the total variance of post-traumatic stress. (4) Coping, post-traumatic stress had a significantly direct effect on burnout. These variables explained 60% of the total variance of burnout.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2011

현장타설말뚝의 포스트그라우팅 기법은 말뚝 시공시 발생하는 슬라임과 굴착으로 인해 교란된 원지반을 압축 및 보강함으로써 기초의 선단지지력을 현저히 증강시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 현재까지 국내외적으로 통용되는 설계지침 또는 시방은 없는 상태이며, 특히 국내에서는 말뚝 포스트그라우팅 기법이 설계지지력 증강 목적이 아닌, 소요지지력에 미달되는 말뚝에 대한 보수보강의 개념으로 이해되고 있어, 그 효과에 비해 관련 연구 및 실용화 실적이 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 포스트그라우팅 기법의 국내 풍화대소켓 현장타설말뚝에의 적용성을 검증하기 위해 풍화암 근입 대구경 현장타설 콘크리트말뚝 시공 현장을 선정하여 포스트그라우트 시험시공을 실시하였다. 또한 포스트그라우팅 말뚝, 그리고 인접한 미보강 말뚝에 대한 정재하시험을 수행함으로써, 포스트그라우팅이 현장타설말뚝의 축방향 지지력 증강에 미치는 효과를 정량적으로 비교분석해 보고자 하였다. 정재하시험 결과, 선단보강 말뚝 선단하중-침하곡선의 초기기울기가 미보강 말뚝 선단히중-침하곡선의 기울기에 비해 4배 이상 증가였으며, 허용침하량(1%D) 기준으로 보강 및 미보강 말뚝의 선단지지력은 각각 12.0MPa, 7.0MPa로 나타나, 포스트그라우팅 적용 후 말뚝의 허용선단지지력이 70% 이상 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권4_2호
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• pp.629-637
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of post-curing equipment and time on the flexural strength of 3D printing resins produced by a liquid crystal display(LCD) printer. The three 3D printing resins(DENTCA Denture Teeth, DT; C&B 5.0 hybrid, CH; C&B Permanent A2, CP) were divided into four groups according to post-curing time(10 min and 30 min) and equipment with or without vacuum treatment. For the three-point flexural strength test and biaxial strength test were prepared by method according to ISO 10477, ISO 6872, respectively. Flexural strength was measured with universal testing machine. Comparison between post-curing time of each post-curing equipment was analyzed by independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test(α=.05), and comparison between groups according to each 3D printing resin was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc by Bonferroni-Dunn test(α=.05). The flexural strength of the resin post-curing under vacuum was higher than that of the resin post-curing in air. In the comparison according to the post-curing time, in the case of the post-curing equipment without vacuum, the 30 minute curing time showed significantly higher flexural strength than the 10 minute curing time, except for the biaxial flexural strength of CH(P<.05). In the post-curing equipment with vacuum, the three-point flexural strength of all 3D printing resins(DT, CH, and CP) showed a higher value at 30 minute curing time than at 10 minute curing time.