• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1995

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) used to be developed after a severe traumatic event. Therefore TBI usually induces acute or chronic stress reaction. I reviewed the concept, epidemiology, biological or psychosocial etiology, diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discussed about PTSD or stress reaction after TBI. Early evaluation and management of stress reaction after TBI are important.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.124-137
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• 1996

As the society becomes more industrialized and modernized, we have more chances to experience a serious traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has 3 major categories of symptoms such as memory disturbance, hyperarousal and avoidance or numbness. I reviewed the psychobiological evidences in 3 main categories of symptoms and the biological treatment after a brief review of the epidemiology, psychosocial etiology and diagnosis of PTSD. The memory disturbance of PTSD might be developed by the potentiation of the memory pathway mediated by norepinephrine. PTSD induces HPA axis abnormality, it might also develop hippocampal dysfunction, which might contribute to the memory disturbance. The kindling effect develops desensitization, which might develop reexperiencing of the traumatic events and hyperarousal state. Chronic aroused state of locus ceruleus with resultant chronic maladaptive state of norepinephrine system, might develop hyperarousal state. Social avoidance and physical numbing state in PTSD might be caused by serotnin or opiate system. Stress induced analgesia might be developed by opiate reliesed against the acute stress. The biologic research results would help the selective treatment of PTSD.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 소방공무원의 PTSD 관련변인들을 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 한국교육학술정보원, 국회전자도서관, 국가과학기술정보센터, 한국의학논문데이터베이스를 통해 문헌을 검색하였고 검색 용어는 PTSD, 외상 후 스트레스, 외상 후 스트레스 장애, 소방공무원이었다. 총 146편의 문헌이 검색되었고 그 중 10편의 문헌이 본 연구의 주제와 부합하여 분석되었다. 분석된 10편의 문헌은 모두 상관관계를 연구한 비 실험 연구였다. 정적상관 요인은 연령, 근무기간, 외상사건 경험, 출동횟수, 경험한 외상사건 종류의 수와 강도, 업무 부담감, 대처방식, D유형 성격, 정서조절 곤란, 우울, 분노반추, 부적상관 요인은 회복탄력성, 사회적지지, 자아존중감으로 나타났다. 향후 소방공무원의 정신건강 증진을 위해 PTSD의 보호 변인인 회복탄력성과 사회적지지, 자아존중감을 향상시키는 전문적인 중재 프로그램 구성이 이루어져야 한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2010

A college student who exhibited several post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was used as a case study in order to investigate the therapeutic effects of sandplay therapy for PTSD sufferers. In total, 27 sessions of the sandplay treatment program were used to conduct psychological tests before and after the sessions. Any changes in the manner of expressions on the sand box during the treatment, and the results of pre and post psychological tests on aspects of depression, anxiety and interrelationships were analyzed. Overall results showed that the subject exhibited progressive behavioral improvement and signs of recovery. Psychological tests revealed reduced levels of depression and anxiety, and improved interrelationship scores. In conclusion, sandplay therapy does exhibit positive benefits as an effective treatment modality for PTSD in adolescents and young adults.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with traffic injuries. In addition, PTSD patients was classified using 'pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong'. Methods: Questionnaires such as the primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5(PC-PTSD-5), Korean version of PTSD checklist-5 (PCL-5-K), and the instrument of pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong were conducted on 195 patients within 3 days to 1 year after traffic accidents. Patients were recruited from six medical institutions. Collected data were used to determine the prevalence of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: On PC-PTSD-5, the prevalence was 39.1% for ASD and 50% for PTSD. On PCL-5-K, the prevalence was 20.4% for ASD and 29.3% for PTSD. Satisfying both PC-PTSD-5 and PCL-5-K, the prevalence was 18.2% for ASD and 25.8% for PTSD. As a result of pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong, 'weakness of heart and gall bladder type' accounted for the highest proportions in both ASD and PTSD groups. Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence was 39.1% for ASD and 50% for PTSD by PC-PTSD-5. Satisfying both PC-PTSD-5 and PCL-5-K, the prevalence was 18.2% for ASD and 25.8% for PTSD. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to analyze the prevalence of ASD and PTSD, the rate of progression from ASD to PTSD, and the type of pattern identification.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine associations of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with sexual autonomy and identify factors influencing sexual autonomy among female university students of North Korean defectors. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed with a total of 103 female students who completed a structured online self-report survey from January 7 to March 31, 2018. This study was conducted using questionnaires on interpersonal trauma scale, the Traumatic Scale for North Korean Refugees (TSNKR), and sexual autonomy measurement for college students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Results: Traumatic events, PTSD, and sexual autonomy scores were $3.96{\pm}3.07$, $31.47{\pm}10.75$, and $52.66{\pm}6.89$, respectively. PTSD was positively correlated with traumatic events (r=.22, p=.030). Sexual autonomy was inversely correlated with PTSD (r=-.25, p=.010). Contraceptive use, PTSD, and voluntary sexual debut explained 26% of sexual autonomy of participants. Conclusion: To improve sexual autonomy of young women from North Korea, reproductive intervention programs including contraception, sexual assertiveness training, and psychoeducation to reduce PTSD need to be developed and implemented.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2019

Exposure to a traumatic events gives people many post traumatic conditions resulting Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Post Traumatic Growth (PTG). Some of them may come up with acute Stress Disorder and some may having with grievances. But most of people overcome their traumatic condition with using their Emotional Intelligence and Resilience capacities. This article is focused on indicating basic mechanisms and resources in which can be lead to have better social rehabilitation along with the matters that can be important in trauma coping. The later part of the article appeals the concept of social work theory highlighting the psych dynamic approach which can be impact positively on psycho social rehabilitation. Traumatic experiences are really unpredictable and it can be resulted Post Traumatic Stress Disorders, Post traumatic growth in the end. But developing skills that required to overcoming trauma is facilitated by the Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Coping capacities that people having with. Exposure to a traumatic experience and not having a PTSD is determined by the many other factors such as social support system and government facilitation of the wellbeing afterwards the trauma. Here in this article the basic components of Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and coping mechanisms have been considered as the major factors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2019

Objectives: Suicide is the most frequent cause of death among Korean adolescents, and adolescents who have experienced trauma have an increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, and suicide attempts. However, resilience and self-esteem are protective factors. We examined the effects of resilience and self-esteem on the relationship among traumatic experiences, PTSD symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Methods: Middle-school students (n=403) completed questionnaires assessing traumatic experiences, PTSD symptoms, depression, suicidal ideation, resilience, and self-esteem. Path analysis was performed to investigate the mediating effects of PTSD symptoms, resilience, self-esteem, and depression on the relationship between trauma exposure and suicidal ideation. Results: Traumatic experience was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. PTSD symptoms and depression were positively correlated with suicidal ideation. The relationship between traumatic experiences and suicidal ideation was mediated by PTSD symptoms, which had both direct and indirect effects on suicidal ideation; the indirect effect was mediated by resilience, self-esteem, and depression. Conclusion: Korean adolescents who had experienced trauma were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms, increasing their risk of depression and suicidal ideation. However, self-esteem and resilience may help protect against depression and suicidal ideation. Our findings could inform suicide prevention initiatives.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the research trends in the treatment of hatha-style yoga on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Methods: We searched articles in Pubmed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) January 2010-December 2019, for studies to treat PTSD using hatha-style yoga. Selected studies were evaluated by the CLEAR-NPT (A Checklist to Evaluate a Report of a Non-pharmacological Trial). Results: Seven randomized controlled clinical trials were selected. PSS-I (PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview) was the most frequently used as diagnostic criteria. The PCL (PTSD Checklist) was also the most commonly used outcome measurement. Of the seven articles, most studies reported that hatha-style yoga was effective to reduce symptoms of PTSD. Conclusions: Hatha-style yoga practice intervention can be used to relieve symptoms of PTSD. More studies should be conducted to make hatha-style yoga as protocol (complementary therapy) for PTSD patients.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

최근 발생하고 있는 범죄는 심각하고 흉포화 되었다. 이러한 특성은 그 범죄를 수사하는 경찰에게도 심각한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 범죄를 접하는 경찰관도 인간이기 때문에 심리적인 미칠 수 있다. 실제로 많은 수사관련 경찰관이 큰 사건을 겪은 이후 수사 부서를 떠나거나, 경찰직을 그만두고 있다. 이러한 문제에 대하여 본 연구에서는 외상 후 스트레스 장애(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; PTSD)가 실제 경찰관에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 이러한 영향이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 과각성, 회피, 침습, 수면장애를 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 하위영역으로 설정하고, 조직몰입을 정서적 몰입, 지속적 몰입, 규범적 몰입으로 하위영역으로 나누었다. 측정을 위하여 만들어진 설문지는 대구지방경찰청 소속 경찰관 중 수사경과를 가지고 있는 형사부서 경찰관을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 하위요인 중 침습이 정서적 몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 회피는 지속적 몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미친다고 나타났고, 침습과 회피는 규범적 몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.