• 무역상무연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.189-223
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• 2007

In Korea-U.S.A. FTA Negotiation, U.S.A. request to eliminate barriers of tariffs and non-tariff in trade of cosmetics. Korea applies tariffs of 8% on most cosmetics and personal care products. There are some non-tariffs barriers in cosmetics trade between Korea and U.S.A., for example, transparency on restriction and regulatory, cosmeceuticals, import clearance review, quality control testing, ingredient labelling. Tariffs of 8% on most cosmetics should be eliminated, a proviso of complementary measures on sanitation of Korean people about imported cosmetics. This is a meaning of reformation of prior management(tariffs) by strong ex post management in cosmetics trade. It is important that Korea should construct system of ex post management, for instance, construction of data base on manufacturer, importer, bland name of cosmetics and all ingredients of cosmetics. This is concerned with labelling of cosmetics and cosmeceutical and publication of Korean edition of INCI(International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredient).

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2003

Recently the plastic fuel tube is usually used to reduce production cost and weight in automobiles. These days, material used to plastic fuel tube is the polyamide12. The fuel tube is made of the PA12. Post deformation of the tube has been changed by environmental temperature. So, it is important to prevent post deformation. The experiment is performed to investigate post deformation of the tube produced by each bending process. In this study, the results we obtained are used to bending process system for post deformation as the environmental temperature of the tube. It turned out that the method of steam heating and air cooling was shown less deformation than other methods.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.455-458
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• 2007

주택건설시장에서 정부의 후분양 방식 도입이 가시회되고 있는 상황에서 과거 선분양 방식에서의 감리제도 개선이 예상된다. 감리제도는 건축물의 품질확보 및 부실시공을 방지하고자 ${\lceil}$주택건설촉진법${\rfloor}$ 을 통해 개정하여 공사감리제도를 강화하였고, 이를 ${\lceil}$주택법${\rfloor}$ 으로 개정하였다. 이러한 시점에서 후분양제도 도입은 기존까지 진행되어왔던 주택분양제도 변화로 주택건설계획 단계에서부터 주택건설 공사의 전반적인 환경에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 분양제도가 변모함에 따라 주택건설공사 감리제도에서 가장 크게 영향을 받을 것이라 예상되는 부분에 대해 기존 감리제도에 관한 문제점 파악, 후분양으로 주택건설이 진행되고 있는 국내의 감리 관련제도를 고찰 및 건설 SWOT분석을 통하여 개선방안을 제안하였다.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2024

In order to support the mission of the institution in which they are attached, academic libraries provide services in both manual and digital but COVID -19 pandemic that spanned between March and September, 2020 has changed the scenario. With particular reference to Nigeria, about 249,606 cases were confirmed and in order to curb the scourge of this deadly disease, physical academic activities were prevented by Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). With this development, innovative tools became indispensable tools for successful delivery of library services in Nigerian academic libraries. Whether or not these tools are still in use for reformation of library service during post- Covid era remains unclear, hence, need for this study. This study examined librarians' use of innovative tools for information dissemination in Nigerian academic libraries during the post-Covid era using a descriptive survey design. Data were obtained both in quantitative and qualitative formats from one hundred and forty-four librarians as respondents. A total enumeration sampling technique was adopted because the population was minimal. Findings of the study revealed that innovative tools such as videoconferencing, WhatsApp, teleconferencing, Facebook, LinkedIn, and web-based learning applications are still in use by librarians for the dissemination of information during the post-Covid era. These tools are useful and beneficial to librarians during the post-COVID era, as they facilitate easy participation and engagement of library users in various discussions. Inadequate funding and lack of advanced technology skills were also identified as major impediments to the successful use of innovative tools for information dissemination. As a result, it was suggested that academic libraries throughout Nigeria prioritize staff training on the necessary digital skills needed to cope in this advanced technology era.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.260-278
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• 2011

1982년 특정연구개발사업이 시작되면서 국가연구개발 성과의 확산과 촉진을 위해 국가연구개발 기술료 제도를 운영하고 있다. 그동안 기술료 제도의 개선방안에 대한 다양한 연구가 시도되었으나, 주로 기술료의 징수와 배분체계에 국한하였다. 본 연구에서는 기술료 제도를 운영하는 [징수배분집행-사후관리]의 전주기적 관점에서 접근하였다. 이를 위해 기술료의 실태조사와 산학연 설문조사 등을 실시하였다. 이 분석결과에 근거해서 (1)기술료 제도 법령의 합리화와 (2)기술료의 징수배분체계 개선,(3)기술료 사후관리의 효율성 제고의 세 가지 측면에서 개선방안을 모색하였다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2017

The political reformation in Indonesia is a determinant factor of the change in political communications and the roles of media. Currently, the political elites need media support, since it contextually has a significant role. Whoever has a good relationship with the media, will be loved by the public. On the other hand, the media also have a vested interest in the elite in running businesses and building the power of industry. Policies and capital pose a challenge to maintaining the continuity of the media. Independence and control of media are at stake, when the interests of the media and the elite collaborate with each other and then build a benefit on both sides. Meanwhile, the role of social media also cannot be neglected. The Indonesian political communication system is characterized by the presence of social media in a pseudo-relationship between the elite and the public. This paper tries to explain the growing trends of research in the academic environment and the research trends in political practice in Indonesia after the occurrence of post-reformation era in legislative and executive elections. The method used is the meta-analysis of research outcomes of university (dissertations) and secondary data sources. Data processing is done by meta-analysis of secondary data. The results of meta-analysis research indicate that, the objective conditions, in Indonesia, especially the political conditions, stimulate new spaces in communication research. The study of political communication becomes dominant in the academic environment. In addition, communication research is also characterized by a shift from the linear perspective (positivistic paradigm) to the interactive perspective (naturalistic paradigm). On the other hand, the development of politic and governance situations in Indonesia has prompted the establishment of polling agencies that help citizens understand the maps of political power and candidates in general elections and regional head elections.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2017

During the seventeenth century, Amsterdam experienced unprecedented growth and affluence, and the city developed into the world's staple market playing an indispensable role in Silk Road trade. This era, which coincides with post-reformation Dutch society, also allowed artists to produce art works depicting objects from everyday life, moving away from the earlier religious subject matter. This paper intends to look into seventeenth century Dutch paintings from their social setting, especially focusing on the influence of the Silk Road in the art making process. The paper also looks into the Chinese side of Silk Road interaction and discusses how Chinese porcelain reflects cultural influence from the Dutch. The paper incorporates Silk Road as a methodology to discuss art works departing from earlier practices in art history. This approach allows us to understand art as a product of multi-disciplinary, multi-cultural experience. The methodology invites more discussion on numerous art forms which emerged along the Silk Road trading route to expand and explore the history of East-West cultural exchange.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.246-259
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• 2021

Traditional wisdom on how late industrialized countries follow the technology trajectories of preceding economies is in need of reformation as these countries have attained industrial leadership in a growing number of fields. However, current understandings about these countries' development of their emerging technologies have yet to investigate the divergence of idiosyncratic technology trajectories. The aim of this paper was to explore how their knowledge production strategies in emerging technology sectors are diverging. Specifically, this research examines the changing patterns of knowledge production in quantum technology in South Korea and China by developing a knowledge portfolio and knowledge strategic diagram. According to the knowledge portfolio, the relative literature position differs. In the knowledge strategic diagram, there are diverging patterns in the emerging keywords sector. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating the diverging strategies of late industrialized countries in their transition from catch-up to post-catch-up paradigms and provides policy implications for countries developing an idiosyncratic trajectory in emerging technology sectors.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.523-526
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• 2007

국내 건설산업은 활발한 해외시장 개척 및 정부의 주택보급정책 등에 의해 양적인 성장을 이루어 왔으나 최근 경쟁력 중심의 새로운 전략적 성장에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 공공건설사업의 성과측정을 필요로 하게 되었다. 현재 건설공사 완료 후 타당성 분석결과를 검증하고 공사내용 및 효과를 조사 ${\cdot}$분석하여 향후 유사 건설사업에 활용하기 위하여 2000년 3월부터 ${\lceil}$건설기술관리법 시행령 제 38조의18${\rfloor}$ 및 ${\lceil}$건설공사 사후평가 시행지침('01.05.10, 건관 58824 -318)${\rfloor}$에 의한 '건설공사 사후평가'제도를 제정하여 시행하고 있으나 이에 대한 인식도 및 활용도가 미미한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건설공사 사후평가시스템을 추후 유사 공사에 적극적으로 활용 될 수 있도록 평가항목 및 절차에 대한 개선방안 및 예비평가항목을 제시하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2012

The present study was performed to identify the relationship between plasminogen activator (PA) and Heat Shock Protein-90 (HSP-90) in porcine uterus tissues during the estrous cycle. Porcine uterus tissues were obtained from preovulatory (Pre-Ov), post-ovulatory (Post-Ov) and early to mid-luteal (Early-mid L) stages. The protein was extracted from uterus tissue by using M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent. Proteins were refined by RIPA Buffer and quantified by BCA methods. As results, t-PA expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher from pre-ovulatory(Epithelium tissue: $29,067{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $30,797{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) compared to the post-ovulatory stage(Epithelium tissue: $54,357{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $53,270{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and early to mid-luteal stage(Epithelium tissue: $42,380{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $43,139{\mu}g/{\mu}l$). On the other hand, the uPA expression indicated higher from early to mid-luteal stage (Epithelium tissue: $0.02198{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $0.02412{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) than pre-ovulatory stage (Epithelium tissue: $0.01577{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $0.01531{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and post-ovulatory stage(Epithelium tissue: $0.01414{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $0.01429{\mu}g/{\mu}l$). However, expression of u-PA did not differ from each estrous cycle in the epithelium tissue and myometrium tissue(p<0.05). Expression of HSP-90 was differ t-PA and u-PA from pre-ovulatory in Epithelium tissue($25,423{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and early to mid-luteal stage in epithelium tissue($177,922{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and myometrium tissue($26,664{\mu}g/{\mu}l$). These results suggest that HSP-90 and u-PA were related with change of uterus cycle according to the reformation of the tissues in porcine uterus.