• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 1995

Two experiments were conducted to study the production of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos and the viability of blastocysts cryopreserved by vitrification. In experiment 1, production rate of in vitro matured bovine oocytes after fertilization in medium containing bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC), cumulus cells and granulosa cells to blastocysts were 18.4, 14.6 and 13.1%, respectively. Developmental percentages of blastocysts produced at day 6, 7 and 8 were 8.5, 10.6 and 15.2% respectively. Hatching rate of bovine embryos produced was 60.0%. In experiment 2, post-thawed surviving embryos in a vitrification solution consisting of 7.15M ethylene glycol, 2.5 mM ficoll and 0.3 M sucrose were 36.4% (56/154). Also, survival rate of bovine embryos after exposed to vitrification solution at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min were 84.0, 88.0, 71.0, 48.0 and 24.0% respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

Along with the advance of digital technology, various methods are adopted for capturing the 3D animating data. Especially, in 3D animation production market, the motion capture system is widely used to make films, games, and animation contents. The technique quickly tracks the movements of the actor and translate the data to use as animating character's motion. Thus the animation characters are able to mimic the natural motion and gesture, even face expression. However, the conventional motion capture system needs tricky conditions, such as space, light, number of camera etc. Furthermore the data acquired from the motion capture system is frequently corrupted by noise, drift and surrounding environment. In this paper, we introduce the post production techniques to stabilizing the jitters of motion capture data from the low cost handy system based on Kinect.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2006

Clostridium botulinum spores are widely distributed in nature. Type A and proteolytic type B bacteria produce heat-resistant spores that are primarily involved in most of the food-borne botulism outbreaks associated with low-acid canned foods. Food-borne botulism results from the consumption of food in which C. botulinum has grown and produced neurotoxin. Growth and toxin production of type A and proteolytic type B in canned foods can be prevented by the use of thermal sterilization alone or in combination with salt and nitrite. The hazardousness of C. botulinum in low-acid canned foods can also be reduced by preventing post-process contamination and introducing hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) practices during production. Effectiveness of non-thermal technologies such as high pressure processing with elevated process temperatures on inactivation of spores of C. botulinum will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.107.2-107.2
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• 2003

Bisphenol A(BPA) is a monomer widely used in the manufacturing polycarbonate plastic or epoxy resin and Mancozeb (MCZ), a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate, is widely used in agriculture as fungicide, insecticide and herbcide. These chemicals have been recently known as endocrine disruptors. To investigate the effects of BPA and MCZ on LPS-induced cytokine production (TNF-${\alpha}$) in vivo, female ICR mice were administered to various concentration of these materials (BPA; 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day, and MCZ; 250, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and serum cytokine levels were measured at 1h post LPS injection (day 32) in BPA- or MCZ-administered mice. (omitted)

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2_spc
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• pp.374-384
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• 2023

Skeletal muscle metabolism regulates homeostatic balance in animals. The metabolic impact persists even after farm animal skeletal muscle is converted to edible meat through postmortem rigor mortis and aging. Muscle metabolites resulting from animal growth and postmortem storage have a significant impact on meat quality, including flavor and color. Metabolomics studies of postmortem muscle aging have identified metabolisms that contain signatures inherent to muscle properties and the altered metabolites by physiological adaptation, with glycolysis as the pivotal metabolism in postmortem aging. Metabolomics has also played a role in mining relevant postmortem metabolisms and pathways, such as the citrate cycle and mitochondrial metabolism. This leads to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of key compounds that are associated with meat quality. Genetic background, feeding strategy, and muscle type primarily determine skeletal muscle properties in live animals and affect post-mortem muscle metabolism. With comprehensive metabolite detection, metabolomics is also beneficial for exploring biomarker candidates that could be useful to monitor meat production and predict the quality traits. The present review focuses on advances in farm animal muscle metabolomics, especially postmortem muscle metabolism associated with genetic factors and muscle type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2023

스토리를 제대로 전달하려는 관점에서 제작자는 관객들이 무엇을 보게 할 것인가에 대한 고민이 필요하다. 즉, 관객의 시선을 시종일관 끌고 다녀야 한다. 그러한 관점과 더불어 관객이 일상에서 익숙한 공간감을 스크린 내에서도 확보해 줄 필요가 있다. 그러기 위해서는 영상의 깊이를 충분히 고려해야 하는데 이는 관객의 시선을 유도하는 반면에 현실 공간감을 확보하는 것이다. 스크린 내의 물체들을 자연 그대로의 원근감을 갖도록 촬영 환경을 구성하는 것도 필요하지만 스토리를 전개하는 피사체를 배경과 분리시킴으로써 자연스럽게 초점과 영점을 맞출 수 있도록 장면을 구현하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 제작(production) 단계에서는 촬영기법으로, 후반작업(post-production) 단계에서는 아웃 포커싱 등의 효과를 적용하는 방법 등이 고려될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상의 깊이를 확보해야만 하는 이유와 이의 방법 등을 고찰해 본다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.851-856
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flavor supplementation on pre- and post-weaning performance and behavior of piglets and sows. A total of 30 sows (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) and their litters were employed in this study. Sows were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (10 replications per treatment). Dietary treatments included: i) CON, basal diet; ii) TRT1, CON+0.1% vanilla supplement; iii) TRT2, CON+0.1% cheese supplement. The behavior of sows (nursery, eating and standing) and piglets (eating, sleeping and fighting) in each treatment was monitored throughout experiment. Each piglet was weighted at 5, 10, 15 and 21 d after birth to evaluate the average daily gain. Sows and piglets were bled on the weaning d to evaluate the blood characteristics. Back fat and estrus interval were investigated. In this study, there were no differences (p>0.05) in diarrhea score and blood characteristics among treatments. Likewise, the behavior was not influenced (p>0.05) by the dietary flavor supplementation. However, administration of flavor increased (p<0.05) the pre-weaning feed intake, post-weaning average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed (G/F) ratio. No significant difference was observed (p>0.05) on the blood characteristics, behavior, backfat loss and estrus interval among treatments. In conclusion, administration of flavor could increase creep feed intake pre-weaning and piglet ADG post-weaning, whereas inclusion of flavor had no influence on blood characteristics and performance in sow and piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1174-1179
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of post-hatch feed deprivation on yolk sac utilization andsubsequent performance of young broiler chickens (280) up to 35 days of age. The experimental treatments included access to feed at 8 h intervals after hatch, up to 48 h (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 or 48 h). Water was offered ad libitum to all the groups immediately after placement. Results indicated that chicks with access to feed immediately after hatch used up the residual yolk more quickly. Access to feed between 8-24 h post-hatch, supported faster utilization of residual yolk compared to those chicks that remained unfed for 40-48 h (p<0.05). Further, deprivation of feed up to 24 h did not alter the lipid and protein contents in residual yolk, but fasting of chicks beyond 24 h (32, 40 and 48 h) led to retention of higher lipid and lower protein content in the yolk sac (p<0.05). At 7 days of age, the weights of proventiculus and gizzard were not affected by feed deprivation up to 48 h. However, the liver, pancreas and jejunum recorded significantly (p<0.05) heavier weights in chicks that were fed during the initial 24 h period compared to delayed feeding (32-48 h). Chicks fed within 24 h after hatch gained significantly (p<0.05) higher weight at 5 weeks of age than those that received feed between 32 and 48 h. Feed deprivation for 48 h was more detrimental to growth than 24-40 h. This study revealed the significance of early posthatch feeding (<24 h) on faster utilization of yolk sac nutrients and optimum development of intestines and organs, culminating in improved weight gain (>10.5%) of broilers at 5 weeks of age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.674-681
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, plasma parameters and LPS-induced immune response of weaned barrows after castration. In experiment 1, forty-eight weaned male piglets were used and fed maize and soybean meal diets supplemented with 0 (Control) or 2% L-Gln (Gln+) for 25 days. The results indicated that the Gln+ group tended to increase average daily gain compared to control in stages of days 7 to 14 and 0 to 25. The Gln+ had significantly better feed efficiency than the control group did during days 14 to 25 and 0 to 25. The plasma blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase contents of Gln+ group were higher than those of the control group on day 14 post-weaning. In experiment 2, sixteen weaned male piglets were injected with E. coli K88+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 14 post-weaning. The results showed that the Gln+ group had lower concentrations of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol than the control group on day 14 pre-LPS challenge. In addition, Gln+ group had higher plasma IgG concentration than the control group for pre- or post-LPS challenged on day 14 post-weaning. In summary, dietary supplementation of Gln was able to alleviate the stressful condition and inflammation associated with castration in weaned barrows, and to improve their immunity and growth performance in the early starter stage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.631-636
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• 2017

The degradation mechanism of $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ ultrahigh-temperature heating elements fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesiswas investigated. The $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ specimens (with and without post-annealing) were subjected to ADTs (accelerated degradation tests) at temperatures up to $1,700^{\circ}C$ at heating rates of 3, 4, 5, 7, and $14^{\circ}C/min$. The surface loads of all the specimen heaters were increased with the increase in the target temperature. For the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ specimens without annealing, many pores and secondary-phase particles were observed in the microstructure; the surface load increased to $23.9W/cm^2$ at $1,700^{\circ}C$, while the bending strength drastically reduced to 242 MPa. In contrast, the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ specimens after post-annealing retained $single-Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ phases and showed superior durability after the ADT. Consequently, it is thought that the formation of microcracks and coarse secondary phases during the ADT are the main causes for the degraded performance of the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heating elements without post-annealing.