• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2015

Background: Development of squamous cell cancer of head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which in turn is closely related with expression of $p16^{INK4A}$. Loss of $p16^{INK4A}$ expression by deletion, mutation, or hypermethylation is common in SCCHN. We here evaluated $p16^{INK4A}$ as a prognostic marker of treatment response and survival in our SCCHN patients with laryngeal, hypopharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancers. Materials and Methods: 131 patients diagnosed with SCCHN between January 2,2006 and July 17, 2010 were examined for $p16^{INK4A}$. The median age was 60 years (15-82 years). Fifty one patients were stage I-II and 80 were stage III-IV. Immunohistochemical expression of $p16^{INK4A}$ was analyzed in pretreatment paraffin-embedded tumor blocks. The influence of $p16^{INK4A}$ status on disease-free survival, and overall survival after treatment was evaluated. Results: $p16^{INK4A}$ positivity was found in 58 patients (44%). Tumor-positivity for$ p16^{INK4A}$ was correlated with improved disease free survival (70.1 months vs 59 months) and improved overall survival (2, 3 and 5-year values; 77% vs 72%, 70% vs 63% and, 63% vs 55%; respectively). On multivariate analysis, stage was determined as independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Conclusions: Stage was the major prognostic factor on treatment response and survival in our patients. $p16^{INK4A}$ status predicts better outcome in laryngeal, hypopharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancer cases treated with surgery plus adjuvant radiochemotherapy as well as with definitive radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3519-3524
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• 2014

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It has been hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence, we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrent tumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and the observations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: All patients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients had intake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than the other better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showing low grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likely to show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showed Oct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissue samples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05). Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinical background or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifying putative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivo existence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties by tumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatment failure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2015

Background: Survival of breast cancer patients depends on a number of factors which are not only prognostic but are also predictive. A number of studies have been carried out worldwide to find out prognostic and predictive significance of different clinicopathological and molecular variables in breast cancer. This study was carried out at Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad, to find out the impact of different factors on overall survival of breast cancer patients coming from Northern Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This observational retrospective study was carried out in the Oncology Department of NORI Hospital. A total of 2,666 patients were included. Data were entered into SPSS 20. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine associations of different variables with overall survival. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.6 years, 49.5% being postmenopausal. Some 1,708 were ER positive and 1,615 were PR positive, while Her 2 neu oncogene positivity was found in 683. A total of 1,237 presented with skin involvement and 426 had chest wall involvement. Some 1,663 had > 5cm tumors. Lymph node involvement was detected in 2,131. Overall survival was less than 5 years in 669 patients, only 324 surviving for more than 10 years, and in the remainder overall survival was in the range of 5-10 years. Conclusions: Tumor size, lymph node metastases, receptor status, her 2 neu positivity, skin involvement, and chest wall involvement have significant effects whereas age and menopausal status have no significant effect on overall survival of breast cancer patients in Pakistan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5047-5052
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• 2012

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in Kashmir. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing hormone receptor positivity and its correlation with age at diagnosis, tumor size, histological grade and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: 132 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, were included after excluding biopsies, in-situ lesions and recurrence cases. Results: Mean age of the patients was 48.2 years, 59.1% being ${\leq}50$ years of age. Mean duration of symptoms was 6.32 months. Most lesions (65.1%) were 2-5 cm and 16.7% were ${\geq}5.0$ cm in greatest dimension. The predominant (80.3%) morphology was IDC-NOS. The majority of the cases presented as grade II (52.1%) lesions and lymph node involvement was present in 65.2%. ER and PR were positive in 66.3% and 63.4% cases, respectively, increasing with rising age. High grade lesions and larger size tumors were more likely to be ER and PR negative. No correlation was found between ER/PR status and lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study was found to be higher than studies done in India/Asia but lower than studies conducted in the West, even on Indian/Asian immigrants. Markedly lower receptor expression in Indian/Asian studies is likely due to preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer are strongly advocated for standardization of receptor evaluation and for clinical management of breast cancer patients to provide best therapeutic options.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3295-3300
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• 2016

Background: Different types of cancer exhibit abnormalities in cell cycle regulators. The murine double minute-2(MDM2) cell cycle regulator is a proto-oncogene that negatively regulates the P53 tumour suppressor gene. Surface epithelial tumours constitute approximately two thirds of ovarian neoplasms. Each histologic type can be classified as benign, borderline and malignant. This study aimed to examine immunohistochemical expression of the MDM2 protein in ovarian serous and mucinous epithelial tumours (benign, borderline and malignant). Materials and Methods: This study included forty five ovarian tumours, subdivided into fifteen cystadenomas (5 serous and 10 mucinous), fifteen borderline tumours (11 serous and 4 mucinous) and fifteen cystadenocarcinomas (9 serous and 6 mucinous). Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic study, and with mouse monoclonal anti-MDM2 antibody for immunohistochemistry. Results: MDM2 positivity was detected in 28.9% of the studied ovarian tumours. All benign tumours were negative and positivity was significantly higher in malignant than borderline tumours (P value of chi-square test =0.000). Significantly, all MDM2 positive mucinous tumours were malignant with no positive mucinous borderline tumours. Malignant tumours showed positive MDM2 expression in 83.3% of mucinous type and in 55.6% of serous type. Borderline serous tumours showed negative MDM2 in 72.7% of cases (P value of Z test =0.04). Conclusions: Alterations in the expression of the cell cycle regulator (MDM2) occur early in the process of tumourigenesis in serous and mucinous ovarian tumours. We suggest that MDM2 may be used in those tumours as a marker for risk stratification and identification of cases with cancer development and progression. We recommend further studies on MDM2 immunohistochemistry, in conjunction with adjuvant methods as DNA ploidy and FISH gene amplification, focusing on the mucinous tumours and differentiating between the three tumour categories, benign, borderline and malignant.

• 인지과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.54-54
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• 2002

본 연구는 남녀 성별 성격 특성단어에 대한 정서판단시에 개입되는 자동적 평가효과를 점화과제를 통해서 검증하였다. 점화조건과 목표조건에 따라 성격 특성단어들을 네 가지로 조합하였으며 두 가지 유형의 SOA에서 점화단어와 목표단어에 대한 일치성 효과와 긍정성 우위 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험1의 짧은 SOA(150­250ms)에서는 긍정-긍정 단어쌍이 부정-부정 단어쌍보다 반응시간이 빠르게 나타났다. 실험 2의 긴 SOA(500­1000ms)에서는 단어쌍 조건간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 즉, 짧은 SOA에서는 긍정성 우위 효과가 나타났지만, SOA가 길어짐에 따라서 일치성 효과나 긍정성 우위 효과는 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 사회인지적 대상에 대한 자동평가가 일반 인지체계에서 일관되게 나타나는 자동적 의미처리과정과는 다를 수 있음을 시사한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 편견이나 고정관념처럼 정서가 내포된 사회적 정보는 정서의 긍정성이나 부정성에 따라서 다른 처리가 일어날 수 있다고 본다.

• 인지과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

본 연구는 남녀 성별 성격 특성단어에 대한 정서판단시에 개입되는 자동적 평가효과를 점화과제를 통해서 검증하였다. 점화조건과 목표조건에 따라 성격 특성단어들을 네 가지로 조합하였으며 두 가지 유형의 SOA에서 점화단어와 목표단어에 대한 일치성 효과와 긍정성 우위 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험1의 짧은 SOA(150­250ms)에서는 긍정-긍정 단어쌍이 부정-부정 단어쌍보다 반응시간이 빠르게 나타났다. 실험 2의 긴 SOA(500­1000ms)에서는 단어쌍 조건간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 즉, 짧은 SOA에서는 긍정성 우위 효과가 나타났지만, SOA가 길어짐에 따라서 일치성 효과나 긍정성 우위 효과는 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 사회인지적 대상에 대한 자동평가가 일반 인지체계에서 일관되게 나타나는 자동적 의미처리과정과는 다를 수 있음을 시사한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 편견이나 고정관념처럼 정서가가 내포된 사회적 정보는 정서의 긍정성이나 부정성에 따라서 다른 처리가 일어날 수 있다고 본다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.473-480
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• 1986

Mumps is an extremly common infectious disease affecting predominantly young children hut it is not a severe disease in terms of mortality. One hundred and two sera from infants of 3 different groups which are vaccinated, unvaccinated and unknown were detected to mumps antibody. The tests used were Complement Fixation(CF) test, Single Radial Hemolysis(SRH) test, Hemagglutination Inhibition(HI) test, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Immunoglobulin G(ELISA IgG) test, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Immunoglobulin M(ELISA IgM) test. 1. The rate of positivity for mumps antibody in 102 sera wera 89.16%(74/83) by Hl test, 68.83%(53/77) by ELISA IgG test, 64.58%(62/96) by SRH test, 63.24%(43/68) by ELISA IgM test and 50.00%(49/98) by CF test. 2. The rate of positivity by 5 tests for 55 sera turned out to be very similar with above results respectively. 3. The correlation coefficients(r) between ELISA IgG test ant H1 test, ELISA IgG test and ELISA IgM test were 0.34(P<0.0l) and 0.31(P<0.02), respectively. 4. The percentage of apparently natural infection of mumps seemed to be 65.15%(43/66) in infants. 5. Seroconversion rate of mumps by vaccination were 90.91%(10/11). 6. Among the 53 infants who were tested with ELISA IgG 15 were below 15 months age of(28.30%) and this percentage may be taken as a suggestion that mumps vaccination should be given earlier than present practice. 7. ELISA IgG test was found very sensitive and recommendable method for large scale screening for the presence of antibody to mumps.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2011

Purpose: The odontogenic keratocysts demonstrated a high recurrence rate and a biologically aggressive nature. This might be due to unknown factors inherent in the epithelium or enzymatic activity in the fibrous wall. Bcl-2 protein is characterized by its ability to inhibit apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and distribution of bcl-2 in the OKCs, its possible relationship with the tumorous characteristics, such as the aggressive nature and high recurrence rate, and its usefulness to differentiate OKCs from dentigerous cysts. Materials and Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 53 OKCs, and 44 dentigerous cyst were immunohistochemically analyzed quantitatively for the immunoreactivity of the bcl-2 protein with i-solution. Results: More Bcl-2 expression was observed in the OKCs (mean34.387%) than dentigerous cyst (mean11.144%) with statistical significance (P<0.001). Seventeen and 15 of the 32 OKCs in this study showed positivity in the basal layer and basal/suprabasal layers, respectively. In dentigerous cyst, 2 of 3 showed positivity in the basal cell layer. Conclusion: Considering that bcl-2 over expression may lead to the increased survival of epithelial cells, this study demonstrated a possible relationship between the aggressive nature of OKC and the intrinsic growth potential of its lining epithelium. Furthermore, the basal/suprabasal distribution of bcl-2 positive cells was observed in some OKCs, which might have a significant impact on the behavior of cysts. The bcl-2 expression of OKCs can be useful for differentiating OKCs from dentigerous cysts.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who underwent surgical resection. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 non-metastatic TNBC patients who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively investigated from 2007 to 2016 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. Pathological tests revealed that 12 patients (19.0%) had LVI. Approximately 61.9% (n = 39) of the patients' samples stained positive for p53. Additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were performed in 53 (84.1%) and 47 (74.6%) patients, respectively. Results: The median follow-up period was 39.5 months (range, 5.9 to 123.0 months). The pathological T stage (p = 0.008), N stage (p = 0.014), and p53 positivity (p = 0.044) were associated with LVI. Overall, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 85.4% and 90.2%, respectively. Ten patients (15.9%) experienced relapse. LVI (n = 12) was associated with relapses (p = 0.016). p53 positivity was correlated with poor DFS (p = 0.048). Furthermore, LVI was related to poor DFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.001) and considered as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.039). The 3-year DFS of patients with LVI (n = 12) was only 58.3%. Adjuvant RT minimized the negative prognostic effect of LVI on DFS (p = 0.068 [with RT] vs. p = 0.011 [without RT]). Conclusion: LVI was related to the detrimental effects of disease progression and survival of TNBC patients. Thus, a more effective treatment strategy is needed for TNBC patients with LVI.