• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.873-881
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• 2023

최근 강남 글로벌 비즈니스센터(GBC) 건설 등 토목기술이 발전해 감에 따라 지상·지하에 대규모 토목·건축물들이 건설되고 있으며, 이와 같은 대규모 시설물의 안전사고 방지, 화재와 같은 위급사항 대처 등과 관련한 기술과 연구가 진행되고 있다. 지상·지하의 개발과 활용이 활발해 짐에 따라 실내에서의 정확한 위치 정보 확보를 위한 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있으며, 본 연구에서 실내측위 테스트를 위해서 웹 환경에서 손쉽게 가상으로 실내측위를 해 볼 수 있는 시뮬레이터를 개발하였다. 이를 위해서 한국전자통신연구원(ETRI) 13동을 대상으로 실내측위를 위한 테스트 데이터를 구축하고, GIS 공간연산 기법을 이용하는 실내측위 데이터 API(Application Programming Interface)를 개발하였다. 본 연구를 통해 모바일 단말에서 요구되는 다양한 경로정보, 셀 정보, 랜드마크 등 신호 및 영상기반측위에서 요구되는 다양한 공간정보를 실내측위 데이터 API를 통해 신속히 제공이 가능하다.

• 경영과학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2012

Focusing on the rapid market penetration of smart phones, the importance of LBS (Location Based Service) is drastically increased. However, traditional GPS method has critical weakness caused by limited availability, such as indoor environment. WPS is newly attractive method as a widely applicable positioning method. In WPS, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) data of all Wi-Fi APs (Access Point) are measured and stored into a huge database. The stored RSSI data in database make single radio fingerprint map. By the radio fingerprint map, we can estimate the actual position of target point. The essential factor of radio fingerprint database is data integrity of RSSI. Because of millions of APs in urban area, RSSI measurement data are seriously contaminated. Therefore, we present the unified filtering method for RSSI measurement data. As the results of filtering, we can show the effectiveness of suggested method in practical positioning system of mobile operator.

• 경영과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2016

Focusing on the drastic increase of smart devices, machine generated data expansion is a general phenomenon in network services and IoT (Internet of Things). Especially, built-in multi sensors in a smart device are used for collection of user status and moving data. Combining the internal sensor data and environmental information, we can determine landmarks that decide a pedestrian's locations. We use an ANOVA method to analyze data acquired from multi sensors and propose a landmark classification algorithm. We expect that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher accuracy of indoor-outdoor positioning system for pedestrians.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2018

This paper presents a satellite relative navigation strategy for formation flying, which chooses an appropriate navigation algorithm according to the operating environment. Not only global positioning system (GPS) measurements, but laser measurements can also be utilized to determine the relative positions of satellites. Laser data is used solely or together with GPS measurements. Numerical simulations were conducted to compare the relative navigation algorithm using only laser data and laser data combined with GPS data. If an accurate direction of laser pointing is estimated, the relative position of satellites can be determined using only laser measurements. If not, the combined algorithm has better performance, and is irrelevant to the precision of the relative angle data between two satellites in spherical coordinates. Within 10 km relative distance between satellites, relative navigation using double difference GPS data makes more precise relative position estimation results. If the simulation results are applied to the relative navigation strategy, the proper algorithm can be chosen, and the relative position of satellites can be estimated precisely in changing mission environments.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2016

This paper deals with performance assessment of the kinematic network-based GPS positioning technique with a view to using it for ellipsoidally referenced bathymetric surveys. To this end, two field trials were carried out on a land vehicle and a surveying vessel. Single-frequency GPS data acquired from these tests were processed by an in-house software which equips the network modeling algorithm with instantaneous ambiguity resolution procedure. The results reveals that ambiguity success rate based on the network model is mostly higher than 99.0%, which is superior to that of the single-baseline model. In addition, achievable accuracy of the technique was accessed at ${\pm}1.6cm$ and 2.7 cm with 95% confidence level in horizontal and vertical component respectively. From bathymetric survey at the West Nakdong River in Busan, Korea, 3-D coordinates of 2,011 points on its bed were computed by using GPS-derived coordinates, attitude, measured depth and geoid undulation. Note that their vertical coordinates are aligned to the geoid, the so-called orthometric height which is widely adopted in river engineering. Bathymetry was constructed by interpolating the coordinate set, and some discussion on its benefit was given at the end.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Visible light communication (VLC) using LED lamps is suitable for implementing an indoor positioning system in an indoor environment where the global positioning system (GPS) signal does not reach. In this paper, we present an indoor positioning system for mobile robots using a VLC beacon and fuzzy rules. This system consists of an autonomous mobile robot, VLC modules, and device application software. Fuzzy rules are applied to plan the global and local paths along which the mobile robot navigates indoors. The VLC transmitter modules are attached to the wall or the ceiling as beacons to transmit their own location information. The variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) algorithm is used to transmit data, which is a new modulation scheme for VLC providing a dimming control mechanism for flicker-free optical communication. The mobile robot has a receiver module to receive the location information while performing its mission in the environment where VLC transmitters are deployed.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is introducing WiFi based EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) method for indoor positioning. The advantages of our EKF method include: 1) Any special equipment dedicated for positioning is not required. 2) implementation of EKF does not require off-line phase of fingerprinting methods. 3) The EKF effectively minimizes squared deviation of the trilateration method. In order to experimentally prove the advantages of our method, we implemented indoor positioning systems making use of the K-NN(K Nearest Neighbors), Bayesian, decision tree, trilateration, and our EKF methods. Our experimental results show that the average-errors of K-NN, Bayesian and decision tree methods are all close to 2.4 meters whereas the average errors of trilateration and EKF are 4.07 meters and 3.528 meters, respectively. That is, the accuracy of our EKF is a bit inferior to those of fingerprinting methods. Even so, our EKF is accurate enough to be used for practical indoor LBS systems. Moreover, our EKF is easier to implement than fingerprinting methods because it does not require off-line phase.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.743-750
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• 2009

1972년 국내에서는 아날로그카메라를 이용하여 항공사진측량을 시작한 이래로 최근에는 항공사진측량의 효율성을 향상시키기 위해서 고해상도 디지털항공사진 카메라의 도입이 적극적으로 추진되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항공사진측량을 위해 개발된 고해상도 디지털항공사진카메라 중에서 DMC(Digital Mapping Camera) 카메라에 대한 3차원 위치결정의 정확도를 기존의 아날로그카메라와 비교하여 평가하였다. 이를 위해서 인천인근지역에 테스트필드를 선정하고 기준점을 설치한 후 항공사진측량을 수행하였다. 아날로그카메라 및 DMC 카메라 항공사진의 3차원 위치결정의 정확도를 비교한 결과, 정확도에는 큰 차이가 없었으며, GPS/IMU 자료에 기준점을 추가하여 항공삼각측량을 수행한 후 위치결정을 수행했을 경우 정확도가 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

In October 2019, the European Galileo navigation system operates a total of 24 satellites, two of them are in the testing phase. There are enough satellites in operation to enable precise point positioning (PPP) using Galileo signals. The number of visible satellites for Galileo in South Korea is investigated. In addition, to assess the latest performance of the Galileo kinematic PPP, data received at DAEJ reference station from October 1 to October 7, 2019, are analyzed. Galileo kinematic PPP presents some results in two categories, single-frequency PPP (SPPP) and dual-frequency PPP (DPPP). The positioning accuracy for Galileo kinematic SPPP solutions is less than 1 m root mean square (RMS) in all direction components. The Galileo kinematic DPPP achieves the positioning accuracy with an RMS value of less than 7 cm in all direction components. The results show that the latest performance of Galileo kinematic PPP at DAEJ station in South Korea is still relatively poor compared to GPS kinematic PPP. However, the residuals of Galileo code measurements are smaller than those of GPS code measurements.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2016

Since a sophisticated location determination technology (LDT) is necessary for accurate positioning in urban area environments, numerous studies related to the LDT using the RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology have been implemented for real-time positioning and data transferring. However, there are still lots of unsolved questions especially regarding what to use as base stations and what are corresponding results under the intrinsic complexity of alignment and configuration of components used for the RFID positioning. This study proposes the street light fixtures as base stations where the RFID receivers will be embedded for the mobile tracking scheme. As street light fixtures are usually installed at a certain distance interval, they can be used as base stations for the RFID receiver installation. Using the principle of the single row triangle network, the RFID receiver organization is determined based on the experiments such as recognition distance measurement and tag position accuracy estimation at inside and outside of the single row triangle network. The results verify that the mobile tracking scheme which uses RFID-embedded street light fixtures, suggested and configured in this study, is effective for the real-time outdoor positioning.