• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2016

Vietnam's sea-port industry has experienced a significant development in recent years. Especially in Northern Vietnam, both the demand and supply of handling services for containerized cargoes have increased at a considerable rates. Accompany with such movement, the competition among container terminals in the area becomes fiercer. In this paper, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is employed to classify all 11 container terminals in Northern Vietnam by collecting data concerning terminal competitiveness. After the classification, each group will be discussed in order to reveal more details about their competitive characteristics. The paper consists of five sections. Section 1 is the general introduction. Section 2 provides a general literature review about competitiveness and factors to evaluate competitiveness. Section 3 explains variables and methodology applied to do the analysis. Section 4 presents the results with linkage to the current condition. Section 5 summarizes the analysis results. It is shown that container terminals in Northern Vietnam should not only pay attention to their service qualities but also have to find out an appropriate mechanism to avoid unhealthy competition. The paper is expected to contribute a background for further researches in container terminals' competition in the region as well as hints for operators in planning and making decisions.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.103-131
• /
• 2000

If a system such as a port has a large boundary and complexity, and the system's substance is considered as a black box, forecast accuracy will be very low. Futhermore various components in a port exert significant influence on each other. To copy with these problem the form of structure models were introduced by using SD method. The Competitive Ports Model had several sub-systems consisting of each Unit Port models, and each Unit Port model was made by quantitative, qualitative factors and their feedback loops. The fact that all components of one port have influence on the components of the other ports should be taken into account to construct Competitive Port Models. However, with the current approach that is impossible, and in this paper therefore, models were simplified by HFP adapted to integrate level variables of unit port models. Although many studies on modelling of port competitive situation have been conducted, both theoretical frame and methodology are still very weak. In this study, a new algorithm called ESD(Extensional System Dynamics) for the evaluation of port competition was presented, and applied to simulate port systems in northeast asia.

• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 1993

The rapid progress of the intermodal freight transportation in recent years has induced fierce competition among the adjacent hub ports for container transport. This brings increased attention to the evaluation of the port competitive ability. But it is not easy to evaluate the port competitive ability because this belongs to ill-defined system which is composed of ambiguous interacting attributes. Paying attention to this point, this paper deals the competitive ability of container port in Far-East Asia by fuzzy integral evaluation which is adequate to interacting ambiguous attribute problem. For this, the proposed fuzzy evaluation algorithm is applied to the real problem, based on the factors such as cargo volumes, costs, services, infrastructure and geographical sites These are extracted from the precedent study of port competitive ability, etc. The results show that the port evaluation factors come in following order ; services, costs, infrastructure, geographical sites and cargo volumes. There are some interactions(interaction coefficient, ${\lambda}=-0.664$ between evaluation attributes. The port competitive ability comes in following order : Singapore, Hongkong, Kobe, Kaoshiung and Busan. According to the sensitivity analysis, the rank between Busan and Kaoshiung changes when ${\lambda}=0.7$. From the analysis of the results, we confirmed that the proposed fuzzy evaluation algorithm is very effective in the complex-fuzzy problem which is composed of hierarchical structure with interacting attributes.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.377-383
• /
• 2007

선사들의 자가 터미널 확보, 전략적 제휴 및 M&A, 선박의 대형화는 항만으로 하여금 기항지 축소와 항만간 경쟁을 초래하게 하였다. 이러한 해운 항만의 환경변화는 선사들이 항만평가 기준인 항만선호도, 성장가능성 항만경쟁력 등에 대한 평가도 변하게 하고 있다. 선사들의 항만평가 기준의 변화는 항만이 추구해야 하는 정책방향을 결정하기 때문에 중요한 연구의 주제라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ANVOA 분석과 Duncan 검증을 통해 선사들의 항만 기항선호도, 성장가능성, 항만경쟁력의 평가변수들을 대상으로 전세계 8개 주요항만(싱가포르항, 홍콩항, 상하이항, 부산항, 로테르담항, 함부르크항, 카오슝항, 도쿄항)을 유사 항만군으로 그룹핑하여 평가하고자 한다. 이는 평균차이 검증을 통해 선사들이 전세계 주요 항만을 평가하는 객관적인 평가결과로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.91-109
• /
• 1994

Technological and organisational changes in transport system have introduced new dimension into port system development and inter-port competition. The quality of service now required by the customer is costly and not easily provided by small shipping companies and small ports. It has been suggested that in the future container shipping may be concentrated by space-sharing arrangements or actual mergers into the hands of a few mega-operators with the investment potential to provide total logistics networks. In order to compete effectively, high load factors will be essential and port concentration inevitable. A fa-voured few ports will become the load centres and other ports will assume a secondary feeder role. In this study, three questions are raised and attempts are made to answer them : (a) what is the new role of ports today ; (b) why should ports be engaged in this new role ; and (c) how can ports play this new role. In short, a modern port should be a service centre and a logistic platform for international trade and transport-a third generation port. Ports, in particular, have to make every effort to be competitive in the cost and quality of services and to make the port a transport and distribution service centre. For most ports, this is not an option but a must ; an essential requirement for survival in this win or lose situation. The best way to win is to maintain a close contact with port users, listen to them, discuss with them, help them and satisfy them. That is port marketing. Starting from the findings of port marketing, it is es-sential to work out appropriate development plans and marketing targets and to improve port competitive-ness. As an alternative method, a port competitiveness model is suggested, which may help port managers to make appropriate improvements.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.89-107
• /
• 2016

북항터미널과 신항터미널간의 심각한 출혈경쟁이 부산항의 경쟁력을 약화시키는 것은 부산항 컨테이너 하역시장의 중대한 문제점이다. 이러한 심각한 출혈경쟁을 방지하기 위해, 부산항만공사는 작년에 하역요율 인가제를 실시하였다. 그러나, 부산항 컨테이너 터미널 운영사들이 이를 수용하지 않으면 그 효과는 미흡할 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 부산항 컨테이너 하역시장에서 이러한 하역요율 인가제 실시의 효과를 검정하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해, 현재의 부산항 운영현황을 분석하고 선행연구를 검토하여 하역시장 안정화 요인을 추출하고 이 요인들과 인가제간의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 첫째로, 세 가지 하역시장 안정화 요인(시장구조, 시장행동 그리고 부산항만공사 요인)은 안정화 효과와 매우 강한 정의 관계를 보여주고 있지만 운영사 요인은 그렇지 못한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 특히, 하역요율 덤핑규제와 같은 시장행동요인은 하역시장 안정화에 기여하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 둘째로, 인가제 자체뿐만 아니라 하역시장 안정화 요인과 인가제간의 조절효과(상호작용효과)도 하역시장 안정화에 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 인가제 시행이 부산항 컨테이너 하역시장에 매우 중요한 정책임을 시사하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 하역시장을 안정화하는 것이 부산항의 이미지 개선과 글로벌 선사와의 협상력을 증진시키는 데 기여할 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.297-306
• /
• 2003

As the competition in the liner shipping industry is becoming fiercer, the shipping company is trying to find the way to keep the best competitive position by reducing the cost level as low as possible and offering the best quality of service to their customer. In order to achieve this goal, the selection of port and terminal that have the best quality of service and cost effective structure is essential for the shipping line, where they can only have a chance to save the money. In this context, the paper compares three European container terminals in order to understand the factors that have to be considered in the decision making process for the selection of terminal. And its advantages and disadvantages of each type of container terminal operation system were analyzed from the liner shipping company's point of view in terms of cost, time, flexibility, stability, hinterland connection, geographical position and terminal productivity. It is obvious that the cost factors are very important for liner shipping company to select their terminal. However, there might be even more important factors than the cost factors, such as quality of port and terminal service, mutual trust, and possibility of future development.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.53-71
• /
• 2004

The container throughput of China, after the joining in the WTO, has begun to increase notably. As a result, China is busy building new ports continuously. In accordance with China's situation Korea promote the development plans of ports and marketing strategy to attract the increasing cargo traffics with China, including transhipment cargoes. To build the competition strategy and the panning port for trading cargoes with China, an analysis on origin/destination is necessary. The cargo volume from/to the particular port(Korea/China) and origin/destination of traffic are important factors in the requirement for the port development. Therefore, in the era that trading with China is rapidly increasing, this study is performed to analyze the port's usage of transporting the cargos and the origin/destination of trading cargoes with china. Also this paper suggests to the competitive strategies of Pyungtaek Port to attract cargoes particularly from/to China.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.81-82
• /
• 2013

국내항만의 경쟁체제로 특정항만의 시장지배력이 점차 낮아지고 있다. 이는 시장 환경의 변화 및 경제개방에 따라 외부적 요인들의 영향력이 커지고 있다. 이러한 유동성 요인들은 설명하는데 어려움을 가지고 있다. 실시간 데이터를 이용한 네트워크 효과를 파악하여 실질적인 방안을 마련하는데 의미가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.39-57
• /
• 2011

물동량 증가에 따라 수도권항만인 인천항과 평택 당진항에 대한 관심이 증가함에도 불구하고, 수도권항만에 기항하는 선사들을 대상으로 한 기항지 선택요인에 대한 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 제시된 대형항만 위주의 선사 기항지 선택요인 추출방법에서 벗어나, 수도권항만에 직접 기항하는 선사 및 이해관계자를 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하여 수도권항만 기항지 선택요인을 도출하고, 요인별 항만별 가중치를 도출하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 선택요인을 추출하기 위하여 요인분석(Factor Analysis)을 사용하였으며, 4가지 상위요인 및 19개의 하부변수를 획득하였다. 한편, 요인별 항만별 가중치 산출을 위하여 퍼지방법론을 적용하였으며, 분석결과 수도권항을 기항하는 선사들은 항만 하역료, 화물처리하역능력, 시설사용료, 접안능력, 항로 및 안벽수심 순으로 중요하게 고려하는 것으로 나타났다. 평가 요인 전체를 이용하여 인천항과 평택 당진항의 우선순위 산정한 결과 인천항(0.641)이 평택 당진항(0.563)보다 선호됨을 확인할 수 있었다.