• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2022

Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a sustainable desalination technology to solve the water and energy problems faced by the modern society. In particular, the surface wetting properties of the membrane have been recognized as a key parameter to determine the performance of the MD system. In this study, a novel surface modification technique was developed to induce a Janus-type hydrophilic/hydrophobic layer on the membrane surface. The hydrophilic layer was created on a porous PVDF membrane by vapor phase polymerization of the pyrrole monomer, forming a thin coating of polypyrrole on the membrane walls. A rigid polymeric coating layer was created without compromising the membrane porosity. The hydrophilic coating was then followed by the in-situ growth of siloxane nanoparticles, where the condensation of organosilane provided quick loading of hydrophobic layers on the membrane surface. The composite layers of dual coatings allowed systematic control of the surface wettability of porous membranes. By the virtue of the photothermal property of the hydrophilic polypyrrole layer, the desalination performance of the coated membrane was tested in a solar MD system. The wetting properties of the dual-layer were further evaluated in a direct-contact MD module, exploring the potential of the Janus membrane structure for effective and low-energy desalination.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.1_2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2008

The effect of variable viscosity on MHD mixed convection Hiemenz flow over a thermally stratified porous wedge plate has been studied in the presence of suction or injection. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform Darcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection and has a power-law variation of the wall temperature. An approximate numerical solution for the steady laminar boundary-layer flow over a wall of the wedge in the presence of thermal diffusion has been obtained by solving the governing equations using numerical technique. The fluid is assumed to be viscous and incompressible. Numerical calculations are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters and an analysis of the results obtained shows that the flow field is influenced appreciably by the magnetic effect, variable viscosity, thermal stratification and suction / injection at wall surface. Effects of these major parameters on the transport behaviors are investigated methodically and typical results are illustrated to reveal the tendency of the solutions. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2014

This study reports a simple way of fabricating the porous Cu with unidirectional pore channels by freeze drying camphene slurry with Cu oxide coated Cu powders. The coated powders were prepared by calcination of ball-milled powder mixture of Cu and Cu-nitrate. Improved dispersion stability of camphene slurry could be achieved using the Cu oxide coated Cu powders instead of pure Cu powders. Pores in the frozen specimen at $-25^{\circ}C$ were generated by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air, and the green bodies were sintered at $750^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in $H_2$ atmosphere. XRD analysis revealed that the coated layer of Cu oxide was completely converted to Cu phase without any reaction phases by hydrogen heat treatment. The porous Cu specimen prepared from pure Cu powders showed partly large pores with unidirectional pore channels, but most of pores were randomly distributed. In contrast, large and aligned parallel pores to the camphene growth direction were clearly observed in the sample using Cu oxide coated Cu powders. Pore formation behavior depending on the initial powders was discussed based on the degree of powder rearrangement and dispersion stability in slurry.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

The existing code which solves two-dimensional RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) equations and 2-equation turbulence model equations was modified to enable numerical simulation of various supersonic flows. For this, various boundary conditions have been implemented to the code. Bleed boundary condition was incorporated into the code for calculating wall mean flow quantities. Furthermore, boundary conditions for the turbulence quantities along rough surfaces as well as porous walls were applied to the code. The code was verified and validated by comparing the computational results against the experimental data for the supersonic flows over bleed region on a flat plate. Furthermore, numerical simulations for supersonic shock boundary layer interaction with a bleed region were performed and their results were compared with the existing computational results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.915-926
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• 1998

Velocity fields of near turbulent was behind a porous wind fence were measured using the 2-frame PTV method in a circulating water channel. The fences used in this study had different geometric porosity(.epsilon.) of 0, 20, 40 and 65%. The fence was embedded in a thin laminar boundary layer, i.e., .delta./H ~ = 0.1. Reynolds number based on the fence height H and free stream velocity(U$\_$o/) was about 8,400. As a result, a recirculating flow region was formed behind the fence for the .epsilon.=0% and 20% wind fence. For the wind fences having porosity larger than .epsilon.=40%, it was difficult to see separation bubbles behind the fence. The .epsilon.=20% porous fence reveals the maximum velocity reduction, however, the turbulent intensity and Reynolds shear stress are much greater than those of .epsilon.=40% fence. Among the wind fence tested in this study, the porous wind fence of .epsilon.=40% porosity is the most effective for abating wind erosion.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 1980

When anodizing the Al in the acid electrolyte, it is well known that the parallel pores grow continuously perpendicular to the surface. This fact can be used for the manufacturing of the porous membrane, if thc pores pass through the anodized foil. Anodizing both surfaces of the Al-foil spontaneously in 20$^{\circ}C$, 2% oxalic acid under tile potentiostatic condition, it is found that the harrier layer remaining in the midst of the foil finally disappears and thc pores pass through the foil. And examined the porous structure change when the voltage is changed during the anodizing treatment. From the result, it is revealed that the new pores and cell grow, adjusting themselves to the final voltage. The characteristic of the porous membrane is greatly dependent upon the diameter of the pore and the cell. So studied the relationship between the voltage and the diameter of the pore and the cell quantitatively with the aid of field-assisted dissolution concept. And derived the following two equation, Pi = 8.32Vi, Ci = 26.80Vi. These equations are in good accord with the experimental data above 30V, but do not accord nuder 30V.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.551-565
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• 2023

Coupled porous curved beams, due to their low weight and high flexibility, have many applications in engineering. This study investigates the vibration behavior of coupled porous curved beams in different boundary conditions. The system consists of two curved beams connected by a mid-layer of elastic springs. These beams are made of various materials, such as homogenous steel foam, and composite materials with PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and SWCNT (single-walled carbon nanotube) used as the matrix and nanofillers, respectively. To obtain equivalent material properties, the role of mixture (RoM) was employed, followed by the implementation of the porosity function. The system's governing equations were obtained by employing FSDT and Hamilton's law. To investigate thermal vibration, temperature was implemented as a load in the governing equations. The GDQ method was used to solve these equations. To demonstrate the applicability of the GDQ method in calculating the frequencies of the system and the correctness of the developed program, a validation study was conducted. After validation, numerous examples were presented to investigate the behavior of single and coupled curved beams in various material properties and boundary conditions. The results indicate that the frequencies of the curved beams and the system depend highly on the amount of porosity (n) and the distribution pattern. The system frequencies decreased with an increase in the porosity coefficient. The stiffness of the springs had no effect on the first mode frequency but increased frequencies of other modes in a specific range. The frequencies of the system decreased with an increase in environmental temperature.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.5_6
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• pp.631-642
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• 2013

In this paper we reconsider the problem of steady mixed convection boundary-layer flow over a vertical flat plate studied in [6],[7] and [13]. Under favorable assumptions, we prove existence of multiple similarity solutions, we study also their asymptotic behavior. Numerical solutions are carried out using a shooting integration scheme.

• Water for future
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 1975

Traditional descriptions of water movement in soils and of calculations of infiltration rates neglect the air movement and its compressibility. The movement of two fluids in the bounded layered porous medium is treated analytically and computer simulations are conducted for given boundary conditions and initial saturation profiles. The movement of a given saturation across the interface between the different soil layers is theoretically developed by considering the conservation of mass. It is shown that the existence of the interface affects the infiltration rate when the average total velocity is greater than zero. The transition from one layer to another layer cause a change in the capillary drive and consequently influences the infiltration rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2005