• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 1999년도 The 7th Summer Workshop of the Membrane Society of Korea
• /
• pp.95-96
• /
• 1999

The ultrafiltration behavior of dilute colloidal solution containing Si particles has been investigated. The experiments in cross flow mode have been performed at different operating condition by using the membrane with 20 kDa cut-off. The flux decline was due to the development of membrane fouling which was a dynamic process of two distinctive stages. For the high trans-membrane pressure, the pore blocking resistance was dominant at the initial period of filtraion and was followed by the cake resistance. And for the low cross flow velocity, the membrane fouling was governed by the cake filtration model at the initial stage of filtration process. Flux jump was observed temporally during the membrane filtration of mixed feed solution.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.214-214
• /
• 2015

Rainfall induced landslides is one of the most devastating natural disasters acting on mountainous areas. In Korea, landslide damage areas increase significantly from 1990s to 2000s due to the increase of both rainfall intensity and rainy days in addition with haphazard land development. This study was carried out based on the application of TRIGRS unsaturated (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope stability analysis), a Fortran coded, physically based, and numerical model that can predict landslides for areas where are prone to shallow precipitation. Using TRIGRS combining with the geographic information system (GIS) framework, the landslide incident happened on 27th, July 2011 in Mt. Umyeon in Seoul was modeled. The predicted results which were raster maps showed values of the factors of safety on every pixel at different time steps show a strong agreement with to the observed actual landslide scars in both time and locations. Although some limitations of the program are still needed to be further improved, some soil data as well as landslide information are lack; TRIGRS is proved to be a powerful tool for shallow landslide susceptibility zonation especially in great areas where the input geotechnical and hydraulic data for simulation is not fully available.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 비등방 압밀된 낙동강 포화모래의 비배수 반복 전단강도 거동이 연구되었으며, 등방압밀된 시료의 반복삼축시험은 비등방 압밀시료와의 비교를 위하여 수행되었다. 초기 정적 전단음력과 상대밀도의 다양한 조합하에 반복 전단강도는 고찰되었다. 음력반전과 비응력반전 모두에 대하여 반복하중을 받는 시료의 파괴는 5%의 양진폭변형율과 5%의 잔류축변형율로서 정의하였다. 비등방 압밀된 시료의 반복 전단강도는 초기 정적 전단강도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 비등방 압밀 낙동강 모래의 반복 전단강도는 Toyoura 실리카 모래의 전단강도 보다는 크지만, Dogs Bay 카보나이트 모래의 전단강도 보다는 작게 나타났다. 실험결과와 예측결과의 비교에 의하면, 낙동강 모래의 잔류 간극수압에 대한 Hyodo 모델의 적용성이 입증되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.397-414
• /
• 2020

In this paper, practical predictive models for soil shear strength parameters are proposed. As cohesion and internal friction angle are of essential shear strength parameters in any geotechnical studies, we try to predict them via artificial neural network (ANN) and neuro-imperialism approaches. The proposed models was based on the result of a series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reinforced sandy soil. The experimental program surveys the increase in internal friction angle of sandy soil due to addition of polypropylene fibers with different lengths and percentages. According to the result of the experimental study, the most important parameters impact on internal friction angle i.e., fiber percentage, fiber length, deviator stress, and pore water pressure were selected as predictive model inputs. The inputs were used to construct several ANN and neuro-imperialism models and a series of statistical indices were calculated to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the developed models. Both simulation results and the values of computed indices confirm that the newly-proposed neuro-imperialism model performs noticeably better comparing to the proposed ANN model. While neuro-imperialism model has training and test error values of 0.068 and 0.094, respectively, ANN model give error values of 0.083 for training sets and 0.26 for testing sets. Therefore, the neuro-imperialism can provide a new applicable model to effectively predict the internal friction angle of fiber-reinforced sandy soil.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권1A호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2006

콘크리트 구조물의 실제적인 응력과 변형률의 관계를 알기 위해서는 크리프와 수축에 관한 구성방정식을 정량화하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 콘크리트의 시간의존적인 변형 중에서 크리프 변형에 관한 현상학적인 문제를 수학적으로 전개하고 유변학적 접근방법을 사용하여 크리프에 관한 예측모델을 구성한다. 고전적인 4-매개변수 모델에 기초하여 각각의 변형성분을 조합하고, 적절한 크리프 변형을 얻어내기 위한 4개의 매개변수들을 재령영향과 겔 입자간의 연결을 제거하려는 미세프리스트레스의 영향을 고려하여 비선형 함수로 구성된 매개변수들을 전개하며 회복이 불가능한 점성변형에 대하여 습윤평형상태와 건조상태에서 모두 예측할 수 있는 유효점성계수를 유도한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 예측모델은 실험결과와 상관계수 99%이상의 우수한 결과를 제공하고 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 2020

Soil shear strength parameters play a remarkable role in designing geotechnical structures such as retaining wall and dam. This study puts an effort to propose two accurate and practical predictive models of soil shear strength parameters via hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)-based models namely genetic algorithm (GA)-ANN and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-ANN. To reach the aim of this study, a series of consolidated undrained Triaxial tests were conducted to survey inherent strength increase due to addition of polypropylene fibers to sandy soil. Fiber material with different lengths and percentages were considered to be mixed with sandy soil to evaluate cohesion (as one of shear strength parameter) values. The obtained results from laboratory tests showed that fiber percentage, fiber length, deviator stress and pore water pressure have a significant impact on cohesion values and due to that, these parameters were selected as model inputs. Many GA-ANN and PSO-ANN models were constructed based on the most effective parameters of these models. Based on the simulation results and the computed indices' values, it is observed that the developed GA-ANN model with training and testing coefficient of determination values of 0.957 and 0.950, respectively, performs better than the proposed PSO-ANN model giving coefficient of determination values of 0.938 and 0.943 for training and testing sets, respectively. Therefore, GA-ANN can provide a new applicable model to effectively predict cohesion of fiber-reinforced sandy soil.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.479-482
• /
• 2006

The most the electronic industry has recently accelerated the modularization, the miniaturization and the high integrated trend of electronics fields such as electronics components, appliances and etc., the most increasingly the heat generation problem rises. Even though the conventional cooling technologies are widely used in order to reduce the heat loads, the technologies are not easy to meet the present trends due to the fact that most of many conventional methods are relative to external form environments such as size, design and so on. With regardless of those environments, however, a heat pipe is one of the most efficient systems to improve the heat transfer performance. And then the performance of the heat pipe depends on a wick structure. Of various wick structures, sintered metal wick is known so that it has some advantages such as smaller pore size, increasing porosity as well as high reliability. In this study sintered metal wicks, thickness 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm and 0.9 mm, were manufactured as of $100{\mu}m$ copper powder to obtain the manufacturing technology of heat pipes mounted with a sintered metal wick. Furthermore, experiments for the operational performance factors such as capillary limit, thermal resistance were not only performed but also compared with a theoretical model simultaneously. Experimental results agreed with the theoretical model, and then it seems to be required to study various development processes of sintered metal wicks for the high performance of a heat pipe system.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2023

최근 이상기후로 인한 집중호우가 빈번히 발생함에 따라 비탈면의 표층 유실 및 간극수압의 증가로 인한 비탈면의 붕괴가 자주 발생하고 있다. 비탈면의 붕괴를 방지하기 위해서 활동저항력을 증가시키거나 간극수압을 감소시키는 등의 다양한 공법들이 적용되고 있으며, 활동저항력과 간극수압의 조건을 동시에 만족시킬 수 있는 공법이 적용되면 비탈면 붕괴에 효율적으로 대응할 수 있기 때문에 이에 관한 연구가 꾸준히 수행되고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 수평으로 적용되는 배수재의 매설 경사를 상향 방향으로 매설하여, 비탈면의 보강 및 배수 기능을 모두 만족시킬 수 있는 상향식 비탈면 보강 공법을 제안하였다. 또한, 제안한 공법의 보강 및 배수효과가 가장 우수한 매설각도를 확인하기 위해 대표 단면에 수평 배수재를 0°~60°로 10° 단위로 설정한 조건에서 공법의 보강 및 배수 효과를 확인하였으며, 배수효과가 가장 뛰어난 40°와 안전율이 가장 우수한 20°의 조건으로 실내 모형실험을 수행하여 수치해석 결과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 수치해석 결과와 마찬가지로 40°에서 상대적으로 배수효과가 높게 나타났으며, 20°의 경우 원활한 배수가 이루어지지 않아 비탈면이 붕괴되는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, 상향식 비탈면 보강재의 보강 및 배수효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.312-318
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in ice dendrite size during freezing process in gelatin matrix as a model food system in order to provide mathematical relation between freezing condition and ice dendrite size. Gelatin gel as a model matrix was frozen in unidirectional Neumann's type of heat transfer. The thermograms' analysis allowed to determine the freezing temperature of the sample, the position of the freezing front versus time, and thus, freezing front rate. The morphology of ice dendrites was observed by scanning electron microscopy after freeze-drying. We observed that the means size of ice dendrite increased with the distance to the cooling plate; however, it decreased with the cooling rate and the cooling temperature. In addition, the shorter durations of the freeze-drying process was shorter decreeing the decreased the freezing front rate, resulted in their resulting in a larger pore size of the ice dendrite pores for the sublimation channel of that operate as water vapor sublimation channels. From these results, we could derive a linear regression as an empirical mathematical model equation between the ice dendrite size and the inverse of freezing front rate.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.705-712
• /
• 2000

The fluid generally flows through fractures in crystalline rocks where most of underground storage facilities are constructed because of their low hydraulic conductivities. The fractured rock is better to be conceptualized with a discrete fracture concept, rather continuum approach. In the aspect of fluid flow in underground, the simultaneous flow of groundwater and gas should be considered in the cases of generation and leakage of gas in nuclear waste disposal facilities, air sparging process and soil vapor extraction for eliminating contaminants in soil or rock pore, and pneumatic fracturing for the improvement of permeability of rock mass. For the purpose of appropriate analysis of groundwater-gas flow, this study presents an unsteady-state multi-phase FEM fracture network simulator. Numerical simulation has been also conducted to investigate the hydraulic head distribution and air tightness around Ulsan LPG storage cavern. The recorded hydraulic head at the observation well Y was -5 to -10 m. From the results obtained by the developed model, it shows that the discrete fracture model yielded hydraulic head of -10 m, whereas great discrepancy with the field data was observed in the case of equivalent continuum modeling. The air tightness of individual fractures around cavern was examined according to two different operating pressures and as a result, only several numbers of fractures neighboring the cavern did not satisfy the criteria of air tightness at 882 kPa of cavern pressure. In the meantime, when operating pressure is 710.5 kPa, the most areas did not satisfy air tightness criteria. Finally, in the case of gas leaking from cavern to the surrounding rocks, the resulted hydraulic head and flowing pattern was changed and, therefore, gas was leaked out from the cavern ceiling and groundwater was flowed into the cavern through the walls.