• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1002-1008
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• 2016

An understanding of the coarsening process of the large fission gas pores in the high burn-up structure (HBS) of irradiated $UO_2$ fuel is very necessary for analyzing the safety and reliability of fuel rods in a reactor. A numerical model for the description of pore coarsening in the HBS based on the Ostwald ripening mechanism, which has successfully explained the coarsening process of precipitates in solids is developed. In this model, the fission gas atoms are treated as the special precipitates in the irradiated $UO_2$ fuel matrix. The calculated results indicate that the significant pore coarsening and mean pore density decrease in the HBS occur upon surpassing a local burn-up of 100 GWd/tM. The capability of this model is successfully validated against irradiation experiments of $UO_2$ fuel, in which the average pore radius, pore density, and porosity are directly measured as functions of local burn-up. Comparisons with experimental data show that, when the local burn-up exceeds 100 GWd/tM, the calculated results agree well with the measured data.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.1-4
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• 1995

The microstructure of polymer membranes produced via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) of polymer solutions is a strong function of both the early-stage (by spinodal decomposition or nucleation & growth) and the late-stage phase separation (referred to in general as coarsening). In the case of early stage effects, the membrane morphology resulting from a nucleation & growth mechanism is either a poorly interconnecsed, stringy, beady structure which is mechanically fragile or a well interconnected structure with highly nonuniform pore sizes. In contrast, spinodal decomposition results in a well interconnected, mechanically strong membrane with highly uniform pore sizes. Here I describe recent quantitative studies of the coarsening effects on the microstructure of membranes produced via TIPS process. The dependence of microstructure on coarsening time, quench depth, solution viscosity, and polymer molecular weight was investigated in order to distinguish among three possible coarsening mechanisms, Ostwald ripening, coalescence, and hydrodynamic flow, which may be responsible for structural evolution after the early-stage phase Separation (spinodal decomposition or nucleation & growth).

• 멤브레인
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1995

폴리스티렌과 싸이클로헥산 용액으로부터 제조된 멤브레인의 미세구조 형성에 미치는 coarsening의 효과를 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 연구하였다. 고분자 용액의 열 분석은 DSC를 이용하여 행하여졌으며 demixing peak의 개시 온도로부터 binodal 곡선이 결정되었다. 열적으로 유도된 상 분리(TIPS) 공정과 freeze drying 기법을 이용하여 제조된 고분자 막의 미세 구조는 coarsening 시간과 quench 경로에 의해 큰 영향을 받음이 확인되었다. Spinodal decomposition이 상 분리 기구인 경우에는 멤브레인의 미세구조가 서로 잘 연결되고 거의 일정한 cell 크기를 갖게 되며, 용매를 제거하기 이전에 상 분리 시간을 증가시킴으로써 멤브레인의 pore 크기를 증가시킬 수 있음이 판명되었다. 또한 멤브레인의 cell 또는 pore 크기 증가는 coarsening time과 quench depth에 크게 의존함이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 특히 고분자 용액의 농도가 이로부터 제조되는 고분자 막의 구조에 미치는 역할을 규명하였다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.557-558
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• 2006

In all conventional sintered PM products, the pores present are of two types, primary and secondary. Primary pores forming during compaction and latter during sintering, due to penetration of formed liquid through the matrix grain boundary. Effect of carbon addition on diffusion of Cu in SH737-2Cu system was investigated. After compaction and transient liquid phase sintering at $1120^{\circ}C$ and $1180^{\circ}C$, samples were characterized for densification, showing rise in sintering density and reduction in swelling on carbon addition. Quantitative microstructural characterization (shape factor and pore size) revealed bimodal distribution for 0% carbon, more rounded pores for 0.9% carbon and higher sintering temperature, and pore coarsening at higher sintering temperature.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2000

The microstructure of Ni-YSZ composite as an anode of SOFC was investigated as a function of Ni content(10-70 vol%) in order to examine the correlation between microstructural-and electrical property. Image analysis based on quantitative microscopy theory was performed to quantify the microstructural property. We could get the informations about the size and distribution, contiguity and interfacial area of each phase or between the phases from the image analysis. According to the image analysis, contiguity between the same phae was mainly dependent on the amount of the phase while the contiguity between different phases was additionally influenced by the microstructural changes, especailly by the coarsening of the Ni phase. The whole length of pores perimeter was increased as Ni content increased, which indicated the overall microstructural evolution was mostly related with the coarsening of Ni phase. Ni-Ni interfacial area was also gradually increased as Ni content increased but controlled by pore phase at low Ni content region and by YSZ phase at intermediate Ni content region. These quantified microstructural properties were used to characterize the electrical properties of Ni-YSZ composite.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

Effect of starting SiC particle size on nitridation rate and flexural strength of $Si_3N_4$-bonded-SiC (SNBSC) ceramics was investigated by using SiC particles of different size (${\sim}200\;{\mu}m$, ${\sim}100\;{\mu}m$ and ${\sim}45\;{\mu}m$). The specimen prepared from smaller SiC particles resulted in higher nitridation rate after nitridation at $1450^{\circ}C$, owing to the lower packing density in green body. The flexural strength showed maxima after 1-h nitridation for all specimens and then decreased with prolonged nitridation because of local densification-induced pore coarsening. The specimen prepared from smaller SiC particles showed better flexural strength because of smaller pore size and partly higher nitridation rate in the specimen. A maximal flexural strength of 29 MPa was obtained in the specimen with a density of $2.04\;g{\cdot}cm^3$, which was prepared from $45\;{\mu}m$-SiC particles.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.666-671
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• 2009

Water repellent elastomeric surfaces were fabricated successfully on SBS/MWNT nanocomposites films using the breath figure method and subsequent thermal treatment. The uniformly dispersed CNTs were found to play significant roles in tuning the size and ordering of the macroporous morphology at the nanocomposite surface as well as enhancing the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In particular, the CNTs dispersed in a nanocomposite solution retarded the coarsening process of aqueous droplets during the breath figure process and decreased the pore size in the finally fabricated film. The water contact angle measurement showed that the double-scale structure comprised of self-organized macropores and surface the roughness induced by a thermal treatment produced a highly water-repellent nanocomposite surface.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.211-232
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• 2019

Porous ceramics are promising materials for a number of functional and structural applications that include thermal insulation, filters, bio-scaffolds for tissue engineering, and preforms for composite fabrication. These applications take advantage of the special characteristics of porous ceramics, such as low thermal mass, low thermal conductivity, high surface area, controlled permeability, and low density. In this review, we emphasize the direct foaming method, a simple and versatile approach that allows the fabrication of porous ceramics with tailored microstructure, along with distinctive properties. The wet foam stability is achieved under the controlled addition of amphiphiles to the colloidal suspension, which induce in situ hydrophobization, allowing the wet foam to resist coarsening and Ostwald ripening upon drying and sintering. Different components, like contact angle, adsorption free energy, air content, bubble size, and Laplace pressure, play vital roles in the stabilization of the particle stabilized wet foam to the porous ceramics. The mechanical behavior of the load-displacements curves of sintered samples was investigated using Herzian indentations testes. From the collected results, we found that microporous structures with pore sizes from 30 ㎛ to 570 ㎛ and the porosity within the range from 70% to 85%.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2001

대한해협의 북동쪽에 위치하는 해저곡에서 채취된 2점의 시추퇴적물에는 장경 약 7cm의 각진 사암편들이 협재 되어 있다. 이 시추퇴적물들의 퇴적상 분석과 사암편내에 포함된 개형충의 동정 등에 의해서 사암편의 기원과 해저곡 퇴적물의 퇴적환경을 해석하고자 한다. 시추퇴적물들은 해저곡의 수심 약 160m의 해저면에서 채취되었는데, 이곳은 천부탄성파 탐사(Chirp)자료에서 표층반사면은 확산되어 길게 연장되어 있으며, 내부반사파가 없거나 확산된 음파 특성을 보이고 있다 이 시추퇴적물들은 사암편들과 조개편들이 협재되는 상부 역질 모래퇴적물과 하부의 생물교란된 뻘퇴적물로 구성되어 있다. 하부의 생물교란된 뻘퇴적물은 내대륙붕 및 대륙사면의 홀로세 뻘퇴적물에 비해서 낮은 함수율(27${\sim}$44%)과 높은 전단응력(19.2${\sim}$>37 kPa)을 가진다. 그리고 뻘퇴적물의 점토함량은 48${\sim}$56%로, 내대륙붕에 발달된 하천 기원의 뻘퇴적물과 구성성분이 거의 유사하다. 시추자료 상부의 역질 모래퇴적물은 평균입도가 2.3${\sim}3.0\;{\phi}$이며, 사암편과 조개편들에 의해서 상향조립화 되어 있다 현재 대륙붕의 팔림세스트(palimpsest) 퇴적물은 대부분 뻘질 모래 또는 모래질 뻘 퇴적물(평균입도: 4.6${\sim}7.6\;{\phi}$ )로 구성되어 있다. 이 자료들에 의해서 시추퇴적물들은 선현세의 저해수면시기에 형성된 고하천과 고해안 퇴적층일 가능성이 크다. 한편 모래 퇴적물 내에 협재된 사암편들은 대부분 석영립과 생물쇄설성 입자로 구성되어 있으며, 탄산염질 니로 구성된 기질과 일부 해록석 입자와 빈 공극들이 관찰된다. 또한 EP-7 시추퇴적물내에 포함된 사암괸에서는 한류성 개형충 종인 Normanicythere sp.와 Kotoracythere sp.가 산출되었는데, 이들은 후기 플라이오세${\sim}$전기 플라이스토세를 지시하는 절멸종이다. 따라서 이 사암편들은 최후빙하기 동안에 해저곡 주변에 노출된 플라이오세-플라이스토세 기반암으로부터 운반된 고해안퇴적층의 일부로 해석된다.