• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-19
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• 1989

Twenty-five commercial food grade and alalytical grade lipases were used to study the patterns of release of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) from milk fat in cheese slurries. Principal component Analysis showed that there were four distinctive groups by the FFA ratios and five groups by the FFA concentrations. However, Average Linkage Cluster Analysis showed that the patterns of FFA released were dependent upon distance defined between groups of lipases. All the lipases tested with both statistical analysis had distinctive specificities in hydrolyzing short-chain FFA from milk fat. Lipases from ruminant-animal origins produced an extremely high ratio (>40%) of butyric acid and a low ratio (<26%) of capric acid to total short chain FFA. Lipases from porcinepancreas and some microbial origins showed balanced production in both bytyric and capric acid. However, most lipases from microbial origins released a high ratio of capric acid but similar ratios to other origin enzymes for short-chain free fatty acids. Ruminant-animal origin lipases produced short-chain FFA much higher in concentration than other lipases. Lipases from porcine pancreas as well as microbial origins showed different concentrations of the fatty acids. Ratios of short-chain FFA in each sample were not significantly changed during incubation periods (4 wk), whereas concentrations of the FFA increased considerably.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2006

The effects of Korean and Japanese radishes on inflammatory reaction that involves arachidonic acid cascades were investigated in human epithelial gastric cell. The activities of type I (porcine pancreas) and type II (Crotalus atrox) phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2$) were inhibited by radish. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity was significantly suppressed by radish (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.005). The nitric oxide production was also inhibited by radish. The Korean radish was more effective in inhibition of $PLA_2$ and COX-2 activities and nitric oxide production than Japanease radish. These results indicate that radish has a protective effect on gastric epithelial cell inflammation by suppressing the activities of $PLA_2$ and COX-2 activities and nitric oxide production from gastric epithelial cell.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2010

Recently, the demands for the effective and safe depigmentating and anti-aging agents of the skin have increased due to the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic reasons. The aim of this study is to search Galla Rhois (GR) inhibitory activity against aging process of skin in vitro. GR was screened for their inhibitory activity against elastase. GR (final concentration 1 mg/ml) appeared over 40% of inhibition of elastase activity. So we investigated anti wrinkle effects of GR look through MMP-1 inhibition activity. Also Extracts of GR showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin (final concentration 1 mg/ml). These results suggest that GR could be potential sources of anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin. Objective : Galla Rhois extracts, Elastase (pancreatic from porcine pancreas), N-Succinyl-(Ala)3-p-nitroanilide, Ursolic acid, mushroom tyrosinase, L-tyrosine, arbutin, Amicon Ultra, Hand Hold UV lamp, MMP-1 primary antibody, MMP-1 secondary antibody Result : 1. GR appeared over 40% of elastase inhibitory activity. 2. GR had MMP-1 inhibition activity. 3. GR showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin. Conclusion : According to above results, it is supposed that Galla Rhois could be strong potential sources of anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.634-643
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• 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is caused by repeated exposure to harmful matter, such as cigarette smoke. Although Lilium longiflorum Thunb (LLT) has anti-inflammatory effects, there is no report on the fermented LLT bulb extract regulating lung inflammation in COPD. Thus, we investigated the protective effect of LLT bulb extract fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus 803 in COPD mouse models induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and porcine pancreas elastase (PPE). Oral administration of the fermented product (LS803) suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators and the infiltration of immune cells involving neutrophils and macrophages, resulting in protective effects against lung damage. In addition, LS803 inhibited CSE- and LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in airway epithelial H292 cells as well as suppressed PMA-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in HL-60 cells. In particular, LS803 significantly repressed the elevated IL-6 and MIP-2 production after CSE and LPS stimulation by suppressing the activity of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NFκB) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, our results suggest that the fermented product LS803 is effective in preventing and alleviating lung inflammation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1008-1012
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• 2009

We investigated the biological activities of ethanol extracts obtained from five endive cultivars. Free radical-scavenging activities of extracts from Redoria, Halifax, Vintor, Kibora, and Metafora cultivars were 94.2%, 60.8%, 66.6%, 70.0% and 67.4%, respectively. The extract from Redoria showed the highest activity among all the tested samples including BHT (Butylated hydroxyanisole) and vitamine C, known as antioxidant. Endive extracts slightly (17.5 - 38.6%) inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity. However, there is no inhibitory activity against $\alpha$-amylase. In terms of proteolytic activity, all endive extracts showed strong activity than pancreatin (used as a positive control), and the extract of Redoria also exhibited stronger activity than other extracts as well as free radical scavenging activity. These results indicate that endive, especially the Redoria cultivar, can be used as a natural resource for development of antioxidants or materials aiding digestion.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

Human pancreatic lipase is a digestive enzyme which is synthesized in pancreas, secreted into small intestine, and there hydrolyze the fat in food. Pancreatic lipase protein composes of catalytic domain and colipase-binding domain. In this research, the gene segments corresponding to total protein, catalytic domain, and co lipase-binding domain were cloned by PCR method, inserted into an expression vector, and then used to transform Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant proteins produced were purified and injected intramuscularly three times into laying hens. The egg yolk antibodies (IgY) were obtained from the egg yolks and tested for their antibody titer. Among three IgY, the IgY against colipase-binding domain showed the highest antibody titer. All three IgY had inhibitory effects on the porcine pancreatic lipase. Among them, the IgY against colipase-binding domain showed the highest inhibition effects. The fat diet with corn oil and IgY was administrated to the experimental rats and their blood compositions were examined with time course. The triglyceride concentration of treated rats was decrease meaningfully when compared with those of control rats. This suggested that the IgY against colipase-binding domain antigen inhibited pancreatic lipase in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2003

This study was performed to test the cellulose digestibility using the transgenic pigs harboring cellulose degradation gene D (CelD). After delivered offsprings between normal pig and transgenic swine, DNA was isolated from piglets tail for PCR analysis. In first generation, five out of 65 piglets showed CelD positive. Unfortunately, four CelD-positive pigs were died during growing, but one survived pig was used as a transgenic founder to produce F$_1$ descendents. Among 3 F$_1$ transgenic pigs produced, one died and the remaining two pigs were used to test the fiber digest efficiency. An assorted feed was composite of 5％ fiber with other ingredients. The feed of 3 kg per day was provided to the pigs including transgenic founders and littermate controls. The manure quantity was measured daily for a month, and all manures were dried for three days to analysis nitrogen, phosphate and fiber concentrations. The fiber digestion efficiencies of the transgenic F$_1$ pigs showed approximately 10％ higher than those of control pigs. Fiber digestion was not greatly improved in transgenic pigs as it had been expected approximately 30％. Nitrogen concentration of transgenic pig's manure was slowly decreased compare to the control pigs. Because there were only two transgenic pigs tested, a large number of transgenic pigs may be necessary to obtain more reliable data. Breeding of animals to obtain sufficient transgenic pigs subjected for a further study is on progress. Taken together, this study demonstrated successful production of transgenic pigs with increase of cellulose digestibility in the porcine feed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Crataegi fructus as a natural food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and biological activities were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 85.6%, 2.4%, 1.9% and 0.4%, respeectively. Further, the calories of Crataegi fructus was 369.1 kcal. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 852.26 mg and 1,178.29 mg, respeectively. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P, Mg, which means Crataegi fructus is an alkali material. Crataegi fructus extracts slightly(17.6~32.8) inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. However, there is no inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase. In terms of proteslytic activity, Crataegi fructus extracts showed a strong activity than pancreatin(used as a positive control). These results indicate that Crataegi fructus can be used as a natural resource for material aiding digestion.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.136-145
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• 2013

Currently many studies aimed at enhancing efficacy of medicinal food on biological activity using bioconversion technology including fermentation process. In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of fermented Crataegi fructus was investigated. The antioxidant activity of fermented Crataegi Fructus was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), Reducing power and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). Moisture content of fermented Crataegi Fructus was $39.3{\pm}0.06%$. Contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat were $0.20{\pm}0.01$, $1.77{\pm}0.04$, and $1.40{\pm}0.59%$, respectively. Moreover, the hunter's color values of fermented Crataegi Fructus were 79.24 (lightnees), 1.58 (redness), and 31.25 (yellowness), respectively. Total phenolic contents of fermented Crataegi Fructus were $3,015{\pm}250$ GAE ${\mu}g/g$. The antioxidative activities of fermented Crataegi Fructus significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. In addition, fermented Crataegi Fructus slightly (10.4%) inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity; however, there was no inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase. In terms of proteolytic activity, fermented Crataegi Fructus showed a strong activity than pancreatin (used as a positive control). These results indicate that fermented Crataegi Fructus can be used as a natural resource for material aiding digestion.