• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1977

This study was made with 1394 clinical records obtained by a mobile charity health team in a rural Korea for 10 days from July 23 to Aug. 1, 1977 to see the disease pattern of the rural population in Korea. The health team consisted of 7 physicians in different clinical departments of the St. Mary's Hospital tried to cover as many as patients in that area by giving full informations and instructions before starting health services. which supposed to minimize the omissions of patients visits in that area. The proportion of each disease as well as its order in terms of the number of patients was reviewed by matching with age and sex distribution of patients, and with the duration of illness (complaints). Major findings obtained in this analysis were as follows; 1. Among 1394 patients, 536 (38.5%) was male and 858(61.5%) was female. As to the age distribution of the patients. those who are in the age group of 10-19 showed the highest proportion of 15.6% and those who are in the age group of 5-9 and 40-49 was the next with the proportion of 15.4% and 15.2% respectively. 2. The most prevalent cause of general morbidity were diseases of digestive system, diseases of nervous system and sensory organs, diseases of respiratory system, and diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue in order. And their proportions among all patients were 21.8%, 20.7%, 14.5%, and 12.4% in respectively. The order of the diseases ranked by the number of patiens was slightly different in female population from that of total population, i. e. diseases of nervous system and sensory organs was the first. diseases of digestive system was the second, and the diseases of circulatory system was the third. 3. 23.2% of all patients were found to have had symptoms relating to their illness for more or less 5 years, and 18.3%, for more or less 6 months. Looking at the duration of illness by diseases, 28.6% of digestive tract disease patients and had the relating symptoms for about 1 week while 24.3% had had the symptoms for about 5 years, and in diseases of nervous system and and sensory organs, many(33.7%) had had symptoms for relatively long period (more than one year). On the other hand, in diseases of respiratory system, those who had had the relating symptoms for about 1 month was 24.3 % among all patients in this category and those who had had the symptoms for less than 1 week was 32.2%. 4. The duration of illness (complaints) was longer in females than in males and shorter in younger age groups than in older age groups.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of zinc in collembolan Paronychiurus kimi at the individual (survival and juvenile production) and population (population growth and age structure) levels after 28 days of exposure in artificially spiked soil. These toxic effects were interpreted in conjunction with the internal zinc concentrations in P. kimi. The EC₅₀ value for juvenile production based on the total zinc concentration was 457 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, while the LC₅₀ value for adult survival and r_i=0 value for population growth were within the same order of magnitude (2,623 and 1,637 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, respectively). Significant differences in adult survival, juvenile production, and population growth compared with the control group were found at concentrations of 1,500, 375, and 375 mg Zn kg^-1 dry or higher, respectively, whereas significant differences in the age structure, determined by the proportion of each age group in the population, were observed in all treatment groups. It appeared that the internal zinc level in P. kimi was regulated to some extent at soil zinc concentrations of ≤375 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, but not at high soil zinc concentrations. These results indicate that, despite zinc being regulated by P. kimi, excess zinc exceeding the regulatory capacity of P. kimi can trigger changes in the responses at the individual and population levels. Given that population dynamics are affected not only by individual level but also by population level endpoints, it is concluded that the toxic effects of pollutants should be assessed at various levels.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.320-331
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• 2019

Background: Dioecious plant species having both male and female plants have been investigated regarding sex-related characteristics such as sex ratio, sex-differential resource requirements, and spatial segregation of the sexes. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to the survival of plant populations, but dioecious species are particularly more prone to such habitat degradation than non-dioecious species because of their dimorphic sexual system. We examined the sex-related demographics of two Ilex cornuta populations being different regarding land use history. Methods: During 2016-2017, we examined I. cornuta trees with a basal diameter ${\geq}1.5cm$ in the Yongsu-ri population (YS population) and the Gotjawal Provincial Park population (GP population). Plant sex (male, female, or unsexed) was identified. The tree size (basal diameter and height of the main stem), clonal production (the ramet numbers per genet), and vitality for each clone were measured. The associations between population, sex, tree size, clonal production, and vitality were examined using ANOVAs and contingency table analyses. Finally, point pattern analyses using O-ring statistics were conducted to assess spatial patterns. Results: Upon excluding unsexed trees, the YS population with 74 trees was significantly male-biased (0.66), while the GP population with only 26 trees had a 1:1 sex ratio. In both populations, males and females did not differ in tree size. Although the mean number of ramets differed significantly between populations, females tended to produce more ramets than males. The proportion of weak trees was significantly higher in the YS than in the GP population. Neither population showed evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes. Conclusions: The two populations of dioecious I. cornuta are characterized by the small number of trees and relatively high frequencies of non-reproductive trees. Both indicate that these populations are quite susceptible to environmental and genetic stochasticity. On the other hand, the differences between populations in sex ratio, clonal production, and vitality suggest that conservation efforts for I. cornuta need to be population-specific. In order to help recover and enable this vulnerable species to persist, it is necessary to find ways to enhance their sexual reproduction and simultaneously reduce habitat disturbances due to anthropogenic activities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.120-128
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• 1987

To assess the proportion of spectacles-wearing and an aspect of familial aggregation of myoptic spectacles-wearing and to observe the birth cohort for myoptic spectacles-wearing, a nationwide self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from March 11 to September 19, 1985 A probability sample of 13,346 persons was taken from 180 enumerated districts designated by the fifth nationwide tuberculosis prevalence survey from Korean Institute of Tuberculosis. The major findings of this survey are as follows: 1) Total of 62.5% of the study population lived in urban area whereas 37.5% lived in Eup-Myun area. There was statistically significant difference in age and sex distribution between two residential area. 2) The percentage of spectacles-wearing was 8.3% and among these, myoptic and hyperoptic spectacles were 6.0%, 2.3%, respectively. A total of 8.5% of the male study population wore spectacles and this was slightly higher than the female (8.0%). 3) Among the occupational groups, students were the highest myoptic spectacles-wearing group whereas professionals were the highest hyperoptic spectacles-wearing group. 4) The proportion of myoptic spectacles-wearing was higher in female students than in male students respectively 11.6%, 8.7%. There was an increasing tendency of spectacles-wearing as age increased. 5) The age-sex adjusted prevalence rate of myoptic spectacles-wearing by residential areas was 2 times higher in urban area than Eup-Myun area 6) A wearing of the myoptic spectacles in early age was observed in recent birth cohort than remote birth cohort. 7) There was a tendency of familial aggregation for myoptic spectacles-wearing. The proportion of myoptic spectacles-wearing was 6 times higher for those who had parents wearing spectacles. 8) 60.9% of the total myoptic spectacles-wearing persons received the eye-specialist's order and 44. 9% for the hyperoptic spectacles wearing.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 1988

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the level of infant mortality rate and to find the cause of infant deaths prevailed in 1981~86 from vital registration data. In the course of that undertaking we have considered the non-registered portion of infant deaths especially for the non-registered portion of neonatal deaths. The main reason is that deaths occurring in the neonatal period and prior to the registration of the birth leave little incentive for the registration of either the birth or the death. From several ad-hoc survey's results and other countries' experiences it was, however, found that the proportion of neonatal deaths was 69.3%, the proportion of deaths in the period of first month in infanty was 7%, and the proportion of deaths in the period of 2 months and over in infancy was 23.7% respectivily. Thus, adoption the hypothesis that post-neonatal mortality is completly registered, we obtained the extimated number of infant deaths. Attempt to test the hypothesis was also made using the Brougeois- Pichats's function. The result was that the registered number of deaths in the post-neonatal period is almost compatible with the expected number. The major finding in this study was that the level of infant mortality rate in Korea was 19 per thousand live births in 1981 and 13 in 1986. This level of 1986 was almost identical with the level of Japan in 1970. It was also found that there was a difference in the level of infant mortality rate between sexes during 1981-83 but the difference was disappeared in 1985-86. Looking into the cause of infant deaths, it was found from registration that 21.2% of all infant deaths was due to congenital snomalies, 11.5% was due to pneumonia and 5.1% was due to the conditions originating in the perinatal period in that order. This pattern seems to be different with that of U.S.A., Japan and France. However, if we consider the non-registered neo-natal deaths, the order of the cause of infant deaths in Korea will be the same as compared countries. Finally, every efforts should should be made to obtain a good quality of data on infant mortality, making the non-registered events reported completely through hospitals.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1508-1516
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• 2023

Objective: To carry out a comprehensive production planning of the existing Rongchang pig population from both environmental and genetic aspects, and to establish a closed population with stable genetic diversity and strict pathogen control, it is necessary to fully understand the genetic background of the population. Methods: We genotyped 54 specific pathogen free (SPF) Rongchang pigs using the Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS, calculated their genetic diversity parameters and constructed their families. In addition, we also counted the runs of homozygosity (ROH) of each individual and calculated the value of inbreeding coefficient based on ROH for each individual. Results: Firstly, the results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the effective population size (N_e) of this population was 3.2, proportion of polymorphic markers (P_N) was 0.515, desired heterozygosity (H_e) and observed heterozygosity (H_o) were 0.315 and 0.335. H_o was higher than H_e, indicating that the heterozygosity of all the selected loci was high. Secondly, combining the results of genomic relatedness analysis and cluster analysis, it was found that the existing Rongchang pig population could be divided into four families. Finally, we also counted the ROH of each individual and calculated the inbreeding coefficient value accordingly, whose mean value was 0.09. Conclusion: Due to the limitation of population size and other factors, the genetic diversity of this Rongchang pig population is low. The results of this study can provide basic data to support the development of Rongchang pig breeding program, the establishment of SPF Rongchang pig closed herd and its experimental utilization.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2020

Objective: This study was designed to estimate the precise nationwide number of those who used humidifier disinfectants (HDs) and experienced specific health effects, including death, due to exposure to HDs in Korea between 1994 and 2011. Methods: A total of 5,000 households (15,472 people) were surveyed by stratifying the sample with a design that is equivalent to nationally approved household systematic sampling and face-to-face interviews from October 16, 2019 to December 30, 2019. Results: The proportion of use of humidifier disinfectants at home was 18.4% (2,844/15,472 people) and the proportion of those who experienced health effects among those who were exposed to HDs was 10.7% (303/2,844 people). Based on these factors, it was estimated that 8.94 million people (95% CI=8.25-9.63 million) were exposed to HDs and 0.95 million people (95% CI=0.87-1.02 million) experienced health effects, which means almost one in five and one in fifty Koreans respectively. The estimated number of deaths from HDs were 20,366 people (95% CI=18,801-21,931). Conclusion: The survey was large and analyzed a representative sample across the country, so this estimation of the nationwide population exposed and at risk to HDs is more accurate and reliable than previous studies. However, it is necessary to confirm whether results similar to those of this study can be reproduced through a survey using a cross-sectional survey at the national level. In particular, a survey focused on death cases is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4325-4329
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• 2014

Background: The expatriate population in Qatar largely comprises workers from the Indian subcontinent which has a very high rate of oral malignancy. Social and cultural habits and as well premalignant risk factors in this population remain prevalent even after migration. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study assessed the prevalence of risk factors and occurrence of oral precancerous lesions in a low income group expatriate community from the Indian subcontinent residing in Qatar. Results: Among the 3,946 participants screened for oral premalignant lesions 24.3% (958) were smokers and 4.3 % (169) were pan chewers while 6.3% (248) were users of both smoked and smokeless forms of tobacco. Significantly higher proportion of industrial laborers (49.9%) followed by drivers (24.1%) were found to be smokers (p=0.001). The prevalence of white lesions was higher in smokers versus non-smokers 3.5% versus 2.3% (p=0.111), however this difference was statistically non-significant. Red and white lesions were highly significant (i.e. 1.2 % and 10.9% respectively) in the subjects with pan chewing and smoking habits (p=0.001). A significant proportion (8.9%) of the subjects with pan chewing habit showed evidence of oral precancerous lesions (p=0.001). Conclusions: Even though smoking and pan chewing were two significant risk factors detected in this population, their prevalence and occurrence of premalignant lesions are low as compared to the studies conducted in their home countries.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

넙치의 자원조성을 위해 인위적으로 생산된 넙치종묘를 방류함에 따라 이들 방류에 의해 그 지역에 서식하고 있는 자연집단에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 4개 지역 (YD, SC, GJ, WD)에서 어획된 넙치집단의 유전학적 구조와 다양성을 5개의 microsatellite DNA marker를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사된 지역에서 방류넙치의 혼획율은 20.0~95.8%였다. 넙치집단의 평균 이형접합체(Ho)의 범위는 0.833~0.876이었으며, 지역집단별 평균대립유전자수는 YD 집단 15.0개, SC 집단 17.8개, GJ 집단 14.6개, WD 집단 12.4개였으며, 방류어의 혼획율이 20.0%이었던 SC 집단에서 높게 나타났고 방류어의 혼획율이 95.8%이었던 WD 집단에서 낮게 나타나 방류어의 혼획율이 높을수록 지역집단의 대립유전자의 수가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 집단간 유전학적 거리의 범위는 0.026~0.232로서 WD 집단과 GJ 집단간에서 가장 낮았고, SC-R 집단과 YD-W 집단간에서 가장 멀게 나타났다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2020

Unmet healthcare needs lead to increased disease severity, increased likelihood of complications, and worse disease prognosis. To examine the latest status of unmet healthcare needs in South Korea, the four different data configured with nationally representative sample of South Korean population were used: the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNAHANES, 2007-2018), the Community Health Survey (CHS, 2008-2018), the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, 2011-2016), and the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS, 2006-2018). The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were 7.8% (KNHANES, 2018), 8.8% (CHS), and 10.8% (KHP, 2016). Annual percentage change which characterizes trend for the follow-up period was -9.1%, -3.2%, and -6.8%, respectively. The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs due to cost were 1.2% (KNAHANES, 2018), 1.2% (CHS, 2018), 2.5% (KHP, 2016), and 0.5% (KOWEPS, 2018). Annual percentage change which characterizes trend for the follow-up period was -10.3%, -12.0%, -11.3%, and -18.8, respectively. The low-income population and the elderly population were vulnerable groups reporting the highest rate of unmet health care needs. The rate of unmet healthcare needs has been declining since the past decade, still, the disparity between different income groups and age groups suggests that there are many challenges to address.