• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1993

The ecotypic variation of Phragmites communis Trin. was studied from Aug. 1989 to March 1992 in three populations of salt marsh, estuary and fresh water areas of the western coastal regions in Korea. The length growth and aboveground total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. From three habitates were measured monthly and the seeds from them collected. Chlorophyll contents, bud number and width of Phragmites communis Trin. populations after their seeds were sown in seedbeds, and the growth of seedlings according to salt contents were also determined. The results lare summarized as follows: The height and basal diameter of shoot, leaf length and width, and total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. were very different from each other according to their natural habitats. The bud number of seeds was increased as sample sites moved from estuary to fresh water areas and salt marsh. The but the bud diameter turned out to be in reverse proportion to the bud number. The chlorophyll content of the population from fresh water was $8.6901{\mu}g/ml$, whereas that from estuary and salt marsh was $9.61801{\mu}g/ml$ and $10.3160{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The average length growth and total dry weight of seedlings grown at different salt contents were compared. Those of fresh water area decreased at salt contents lower than 0.5% in culture solution and those of estuary at higher than 0.5%, but the population of salt marsh was shown to be capable of sustaining itself at 1.0%. All of these results suggested that the populations of Phragmites communis Trin. in the western coastal regions of Korea have undergone ecotypic variations: fresh water type, estuary type and salt marsh type.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2013

Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma fisheries in Korean waters have changed dramatically during the last three decades: the highest catches occurred in 1981, followed by continuous decreases through the 1990s, ending with a complete collapse of the population in the 2000s. The major spawning ground of walleye pollock is located in North Korean waters, and some juveniles (called nogari in Korean, <300 mm) migrate to the south for feeding and growth. Since the 1960s, Korean fishermen have often caught juveniles, and the weight (metric tons) of juvenile catch was recorded from 1975-1997. However, because the walleye pollock were not aged, the population age structure was not delineated. We developed a model to estimate the number of walleye pollock of each size class based on catch statistics of adults and juveniles, the catch proportion of each size class, and length and weight information on specimens collected by Danish-seine and drift-gill-net fisheries. The model results demonstrated that the recruitment size of walleye pollock was consistently within the 200-250mm size class, and the highest number of this size class occurred in 1981, although values greatly fluctuated interannually. The number of juvenile pollock was 10.4 times higher than that of adult pollock during 1975-1997. The total yield of juvenile pollock was 0.95 million tons, which was equivalent to about 68.2% of total pollock production. The number of juvenile pollock caught during the same period, however, was 16 billion, comprising about 91.2% of the total number caught. Such high fishing pressure on juvenile pollock is considered one of the main factors causing the collapse of the pollock population.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

As air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing urban environmental concerns, many studies have investigated the influence of air pollutants(ex: $O^3$, $NO^2$, $SO^2$, Acid rain, etc.) on roadside trees and urban grove. In Korea, population density started to increase since the industrialization. Since dense population aggravates our living conditions, it's very important for us to preserve and keep a lively and refreshing nature in order to live with green nature in harmony under the current artificial environment-dominating world. In metropolitan cities, the production of pollutants increases in proportion to population growth. The vehicle exhaust gas and air pollutants from cooling and heating systems have been the major causes of acid rain. Furthermore, tire particles which are naturally produced by tire wearing on roads and other toxic substances in exhaust gas have caused a problem in human health directly and indirectly. In fact, a lot of studies have analyzed air pollution, roadside trees and plants in Korea. However, they are mostly limited to covering the influence of air pollution on the growth of plants. No paper has clearly explained why air pollution-resistant or-vulnerable species has shown different reactions yet. Even though a lot of urban roadside trees have died or stopped to grow from time to time, this kind of problem has not been properly examined. This paper is aimed to comparatively analyze physio-ecological characteristic such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, soil volume water figure out their relationship with environmental factors against the expanding roadside trees in Cheong-ju, and provide basic data for management of roadside trees and elaboration of urban environment preservation policies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6181-6185
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• 2012

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the available breast nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon) to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis (NSLNM) and to determine variables for NSLNM in SLN positive breast cancer patients in our population. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 170 patients who underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection between Jul 2008 and Aug 2010 in our hospital. We validated three nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon). The likelihood of having positive NSLNM based on various factors was evaluated by use of univariate analysis. Stepwise multivariate analysis was applied to estimate a predictive model for NSLNM. Four factors were found to contribute significantly to the logistic regression model, allowing design of a new formula to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. The AUCs of the ROCs were used to describe the performance of the diagnostic value of MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon nomograms and our new nomogram. Results: After stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, multifocality, proportion of positive SLN to total SLN, LVI, SLN extracapsular extention were found to be statistically significant. AUC results were MSKCC: 0.713/Tenon: 0.671/Stanford: 0.534/DEU: 0.814. Conclusions: The MSKCC nomogram proved to be a good discriminator of NSLN metastasis in SLN positive BC patients for our population. Stanford and Tenon nomograms were not as predictive of NSLN metastasis. Our newly created formula was the best prediction tool for discriminate of NSLN metastasis in SLN positive BC patients for our population. We recommend that nomograms be validated before use in specific populations, and more than one validated nomogram may be used together while consulting patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7625-7628
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• 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The primary aim of this work was to provide an in-depth evaluation of research publications in the field of diets and breast cancer. The impact of economic outcome on national academic productivity was also investigated. Data were retrieved using Pubmed for English-language publications. The search included all research for which articles included words relating to "diets and breast cancer". Population and national income data were obtained from publicly available databases. Impact factors for journals were obtained from Journal Citation Reports$^{(R)}$ (Thomson Scientific). There were 2,396 publications from 60 countries in 384 journals with an impact factor. Among them, 1,652 (68.94%) publications were Original articles. The United States had the highest quantity (51% of total) and highest of mean impact factor (8.852) for publication. Sweden had the highest productivity of publication when adjusted for number of population (6 publications per million population). Publications from the Asian nation increased from 5.3% in 2006 to 14.6% in 2012. The Original article type was also associated with geography (p<0.001; OR=2.183; 95%CI=1.526-3.123), Asian countries produced more proportion of Original articles (82%) than those of rest of the world (67.6%). Diets and breast cancer-associated research output continues to increase annually worldwide including publications from Asian countries. Although the United States produced the most publications, European nations per capita were higher in publication output.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제37권
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• pp.67-88
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• 1999

본 연구조사는 사회복지학계에서는 최초로 국내외에서 개발된 다양한 알코올사용장애 선별도구를 이용하여 신뢰성이 높은 알코올사용장애율을 밝히는 것을 주목적으로 하였다. 조사대상자는 전국에 거주하는 성인으로 충화표집을 이용하여 추출되었고 총 614명이 본 조사에 참여하였다. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, 한국형 알코올 중독선별 도구를 이용하여 조사대상자의 음주문제를 측정하였고 조사대상자의 음주빈도, 음주 양, 폭음정도를 측정하였다. 본 조사의 주요결과로는 한국성인의 32.2%가 음주와 관련된 문제를 경험한 것으로 나타났으며 전체 성인의 4.2% (한국성인의 134만명)가 알코올사용장애가 있는 것으로 선별되어 우리 나라 성인의 음주문제가 상당히 심각한 수준에 와 있는 것으로 제시하고 있다. 사회복지사는 우리 나라 성인의 음주문제의 심각성을 인식하고 초기면접시 AUDIT나 NAST 같은 선별도구를 사용하여 클라이언트의 음주문제를 항상 파악하여야 할 것이고 알코올 및 약물사용으로 인해 고통 받고 있는 개인들과 그들의 가족을 위한 효과적인 프로그램과 자원을 개발하는데에도 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 후속연구를 위한 세 가지 제안점을 언급하고 있다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

우리나라는 인적자본을 바탕으로 경제성장과 민주주의를 동시에 성취한 국가이다. 하지만 고령화로 인해 인적자본인 노동자도 고령화 되고 있다. 이러한 고령화는 우리나라 경제, 사회, 문화에 이르기 까지 영향을 미치고 있다. 장기 지속적인 취업자 수 증가와 노인들의 경비업에 대한 선호도등에 의해민간경비 노동시장에서 고령자들이 차지하는 비율은 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 보인다. 이러한 노동시장의 변화로 여러 가지 문제점들이 야기 될 것이다. 법 제도 적인 문제, 노동능력의 변화, 범죄의 증가 등이다. 이러한 잠재적인 문제점들을 방지하기 위해서는, 먼저 법 제도적으로 고령자 민간경비원의 최대근무 시간의 한계를 정하고 휴게시간을 보장해야한다. 그리고 고령자들의 급격히 저하되는 체력적 노동능력을 보완하기 위해 업무에 맞게 체계화된 교육을 통하여 노동능력의 저하를 줄여야 한다. 마지막으로 범죄의 증가는 직무교육시간을 늘리고 범죄사례를 통해 경각심을 일깨워 줄 수 있는 교육 내용을 통해 범죄를 줄이도록 해야 한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.264-272
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to measure perceptions about Traditional Korean Medicine hospitals and provide data for improvement of TKM hospital management. Methods : We surveyed the general population from 1st to 17th December, 2008, and patients visiting a TKM hospital from 1st June to 9th December, 2008. Results : Result as follows. 1. The response ratio for the generally preferred medical institution was in the order of western medical clinic, pharmacy, general hospital, TKM clinic, TKM hospital. 2. The response ratio for the preferred medical institution for herbal medicine treatment was in the order of TKM clinic, herbal medicine store, TKM hospital, pharmacy. The preferred medical institution for acupuncture treatment was in the order of TKM clinic, TKM hospital, acupuncture clinic, public health center. 3. The most common response to reason for receiving traditional Korean medical care was "traditional Korean medical care is more effective than western medical care." 4. The proportion of first treatment and second treatment of patients visiting at TKM hospital was about 1:1. 5. 72.3% of patients had been to another medical institution. 6. The response ratio for the first visited medical institution for the same disease was in the order of general hospital, western medical hospital, western medical clinic, TKM clinic. 7. The response ratio for the concern about TKM treatment was in the order of expensive charge for TKM treatment, uncertainty of TKM treatment effect. Conclusions : Through this research, we can understand the perception about TKM hospital treatment of the general population and patients visiting TKM hospitals.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.551-559
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• 1992

폿트에서 벼멸구 성충을 접종하고 buprofezin 처리시기를 달리하였을 때, 접종성충에 미치는 영향 및 약처리시기에 따른 벼멸구 밀도억제효과를 약처리당시의 연령구성과 관련하여 조사하였다. Buprofezin (7.0 g a.i./10 a)은 벼멸구 수컷에 대해서 영향을 미치지 않았으며 갓 우화한 벼멸구암컷에 대해서 수명과 산란수의 감소효과가 있었으나 우화후 3일 이상 경과한 성충의 수명이나 산란수에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며 buprofezin 처리당시의 유충군 밀도는 약처리후 급격히 저하되었다. Buprofezin의 벼멸구개체군 밀도억제효과는 처리약량이 높을수록, buprofezin 처리당시 buprofezin의 약효지속효과내에 노출된 유충군의 비율이 높을수록 좋았는데 buprofezin 7.0 g a.i./10 a 처리의 경우 적정처리시기는 접종 18일후부터 접종후 제1세대 성충이 출현하기 직전까지 약 10일간이었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the immune cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid, which shows lymphoid tissue-like structure, with those in tonsils, which are normal secondary lymphoid tissues. Firstly, we found that $CD4^-CD11b^+$ macrophages were the major population in RA synovial fluid and that B cells were the major population in tonsils. In addition, synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease, contained $CD4^+CD11b^+$monocytes as the major immune cell population. Secondly, we categorized three groups based on the proportion of macrophages found in RA synovial fluid: (1) the macrophage-high group, which contained more than 80% macrophages; (2) the macrophage-intermediate group, which contained between 40% and 80% macrophages; and (3) the macrophage-low group, which contained less than 40% macrophages. In the macrophage-low group, more lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like cells were detected, and the expression of OX40L and TRANCE in these cells was higher than that in the other groups. In addition, in this group, the suppressive function of regulatory T cells was downregulated. Finally, CXCL13 expression was higher in RA synovial fluid than in tonsils, but CCL21 expression was comparable in synovial fluid from all groups and in tonsils. These data demonstrate that increased lymphocyte infiltration in RA synovial fluid is correlated with an increase in LTi-like cells and the elevation of the chemokine expression.