• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.462-467
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• 2004

This study was carried out to improve the qualities and extend the shelf life of Yukwa and Salyeotgangjung, traditional Korean cookies, using fine hot salt instead of oil as the popping medium. The Yukwa and Salyeotgangjung that had been popped using fine salt were stored at 25\ulcornerfor one or two months, and then compared their sensory evaluation, lipid contents and acid and peroxide values with those popped in oil. In the sensory test, the Yukwa base and popped rice expanded in the salts and stored for one month were preferred to those expanded in oil with regard to flavor and overall acceptability. With respect to the whiteness, off-flavor, and crispness, these properties those expanded in salt had stronger whiteness and crispness but a weaker off-flavor compared to those expanded in oil. The lipid contents of the Yukwa base and popped rice expanded in oil were 37.73 and 49.65%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in those expanded in salts (0.10 and 0.53%, respectively). The acid and peroxide values were larger in those expanded oil than in salts after 8 weeks storage. In view of the above results, the conclusion was reached that the Yukwa base and popped rice expanded in salts were less likely to provide a calorie intake and to become rancid over a long storage time.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

"Series A Crunch"problem has become worse off as funding gap between angel seed investment and traditional VC Series A investment is getting the larger due to big boom over early startup investment both in Korea and US. The strong needs for new concept of fund alternative such as bridge fund is outstanding to fill up the funding gap in the early stage of venture investment. This research is brought to define the concept of 'Series A Crunch' problem and to diagnose its causes, eventually, popping up 'the concept of Micro VC Fund' to come up with this problem in Korea. Also, this paper suggests the policy alternatives to introduce Mivro VC Fund and accommodate its successful performance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2015

The aim of this article is to review temporomandibular joint symptoms as well as the effects of orthognathic surgery(OGS) on temporomandibular joint(TMJ). The causes of temporomandibular joint disease(TMD) are multifactorial, and the symptoms of TMD manifest as a limited range of motion of mandible, pain in masticatory muscles and TMJ, Joint noise (clicking, popping, or crepitus), myofascial pain, and other functional limitations. Treatment must be started based on the proper diagnosis, and almost symptoms could be subsided by reversible options. Minimally invasive options and open arthroplasty are also available following reversible treatment when indicated. TMD manifesting in a variety of symptoms, also can apply abnormal stress to mandibular condyles and affect its growth pattern of mandible. Thus, adaptive developmental changes on mandibular condyles and post-developmental degenerative changes of mandibular condyles can create alteration on facial skeleton and occlusion. The changes of facial skeleton in DFD patients following OGS have an impact on TMJ, masticatory musculature, and surrounding soft tissues, and the changes of TMJ symptoms. Maxillofacial surgeons must remind that any surgical procedures involving mandibular osteotomy can directly affect TMJ symptoms, thus pre-existing TMJ symptoms and diagnoses should be considered prior to treatment planning and OGS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.622-640
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• 2009

원유 비축기지 저장공동과 같이 상하로 긴 형상의 대규모 공동에서 횡방향의 지압이 과도하게 작용하면 천정부의 응력집중과 측벽의 암반 변위가 과도하게 발생하여 저장공동의 불안정 요인이 된다. 특히 지압의 절대 크기가 암반 강도의 일정 비율 이상이 되면 응력 집중에 의한 암반의 취성 파괴를 유발하고, 이러한 현상은 터널 굴착 시 발생하는 파괴음(popping)과, 굴착면에 평행한 형태로 암편이 탈락하는 취성파괴(spalling) 현상을 동반한다. 이 글에서는 대규모 지하저장공동 굴착시 실제 발생한 과지압으로 인한 문제 사례에 대해 소개한다. 저장공동 굴착시 관찰된 암편 및 숏크리트 탈락과 균열 발생 현상을 관찰하고 암반 계측결과 분석을 통해 과지압의 현상을 진단하였다. 과지압 구간의 현재 상태 및 원안 설계안에 대해 연속체 및 불연속체 안정성 해석을 실시하여 문제의 심각성을 평가하였다. 이를 통해 굴착 형상 변경 및 특수 보강 방안을 제안하였으며 제안된 안의 보강효과에 대한 수치해석 평가 결과를 재검토 하였다. 이들 결과를 종합하여 과지압구간 보강안을 도출하였으며 상시 안정성 감시 대책으로 현장 암반의 미소파괴음 계측 방안을 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.347-362
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• 2001

The paper deals with preventing the collapse of by the means of supporting the bridges by rubber bearings and pedeck structures of skew and curved bridges during earthquakes, rmitting pounding between the decks and the abutments. Seismic response during pounding is characterized by various phenomena, such as the caging of bridge decks between abutments during an earthquake or decks popping out. These behaviors depend on only a small difference in seismic intensity. Regarding the global characteristics of a seismic response, smaller clearance between a deck and its abutments results in smaller impact damage of the abutments as well as lesser deformation of the rubber bearings. Similarly, smaller clearance between a deck and the side blocks results in smaller damage. The stiffnesses of the bearings and the stiffness ratio between them control the deck displacement. In short to medium length bridges, zero clearance between a deck and the abutments or the deck and the side blocks is the most effective way in preventing the deck from falling and limits the damage to the abutments or the side blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2003

A vertical hot-firing test facility was established to carry out the IPPT(Integrated Propulsion Performance Test) and SQT(Stage Qualification Test) of KSR-III(Korea Sounding Rocket-III). The components for actual launcher were mostly used, hence these tests were carried out under the condition of relatively lower safety margin. To perform hot-firing tests with the maximum safety, an engine emergency blockage system was investigated and applied. An emergency blockage system using combustion chamber pressures and acceleration signals was set up to monitor ignition delay and fail, flame out, propellant feeding status, unstable combustion and excessive structural vibration. With such a system, the test safety could be secured by rapid judgement and follow-up measures, which made IPPT and SQT be safely completed.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 2011

Today, rolling stock has become a fast and convenient mode of transportation and has witnessed increased demand. But the speed improvement has resulted in increased aerodynamic noise and therefore residential districts near the railroad tracks are exposed to ever increasing noise level. A study on methodologies for measuring and appraising rolling stock's environmental noise has therefore become an important area of endeavor. In the case of the environmental noise, there are no changes in tone so prediction can be made by reducing areas around the railway. The present study explores estimation of the noise around the railway using scale model, and the source of the noise has been investigated as well. The scale model of rolling stock will have to be able to measure high frequency noise and it is required to be generated in a short amount of time. Since popping a balloon or firing a gun fits this requirement the present study analyzed the characteristics of these two different noise sources. Measurement was made in a large vacant lot and the reflection due to the ground was also examined. The method proposed here can be used in the future for predicting the environmental noise of railway vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2023

Elongated styloid syndrome (ESS) can present with myriad symptoms that mimic common features of orofacial pain, such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs), often causing a challenge and delay in diagnosis. We report the case of a 52-year-old male with a three-year history of non-painful clicking during jaw movement initially diagnosed as TMJD-related internal derangement. The patient presented with a history of annoying jaw sounds for three years, described as a popping sound without bilateral clicking or crepitation. Tinnitus and progressive hearing loss were observed in the right ear, and a hearing aid was recommended by an otolaryngologist. The patient was initially diagnosed with TMJD and managed accordingly; nevertheless, his symptoms persisted. Imaging revealed prominent bilateral styloid process elongation that exceeded the recognized cut-off level of >30 mm for elongation. The patient was informed of his diagnosis and its treatment but opted only for further swallowing and auditory assessments of his ear and nose symptoms. Clinicians should consider including ESS as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with non-specific chronic orofacial symptoms for timely diagnosis and favorable clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.554-568
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• 2005

We suggest the dynamic stroke generation algorithm that provides frame-to-frame coherence in 3D non-photorealistic animations. We use 3D particle system to eliminate the visual popping effect in the animated scene. Since we have located particles on the 3D object's surface, the coherence is maintained when the object or the camera is moving in the scene. Also, this algorithm maintains the coherence when camera is zooming in/out. However, the brush strokes on the surface also zoom in/out. This result(too large or too small brush strokes) can not represent hand-crafted brush strokes. To remove this problem, we suggest stroke generation algorithm that dynamically maintains the number of brush stroke and its size during camera zoom in/out.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.288-295
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• 1999

Concentrated stresses due to the underground tunnel excavation easily cause many problems such as yielding, popping, and failure at the immediate roof, wall and floor of tunnel. Therefore, it is very important to predict the possibility of these problems when a tunnel is excavated underground. There are two typical methods to predict these problems. The one is to predict problems from the analysis of field monitoring data and the other is to predict them from computer simulations using good site investment data. Using the second method, this study attempted to describe the time-dependent or progressive manner of immediate roof and wall due to the underground tunnel excavation. An iterative technique was used to represent progressive failure of rockmass with the Hoek and Brown theory. By developing and simulating three different shapes of twin tunnels, this research estimated the proper size of critical pillar width between tunnels, distributed stresses on the tunnel walls, and convergences of tunnel crowns. Moreover, results out of progressive failure technique based on the Hoek and Brown theory were compared with the results out of Mohr-Coulomb theory.