• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.444-447
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• 1986

Optically active (R,Z)-(-)-5-tetradecen-4-olide, the pheromone of Popillia japonica Newman was synthesized from (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde as starting material. The biological activity test of the synthetic pheromone as attractant for the male Japanese beetle was tested in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2000

- Turfgrass insect pests and natura.l enemies for biological control were investigated to develop pest management effectively in golf courses at several golf clubs. Twenty eight insect pest species of 10 families in 6 orders were collected from golf courses. The zoysiagrass mite, Eriophyes zoysiae and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were also collected from zoysiagrass. White grubs of several scarab beetles and cutworms (Agrotis spp.) damaged seriously at most surveyed golf clubs. In addition, bluegrass webworm (Crambus sp.), Japanese lawngrass cutworm (Spodoptera depravata), scale insects, Tipula sp., and ants (Camponitus japonicus, Formica japonica, and Lasins japonicus) damaged turfgrasses directly or indirectly in golf courses. The entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema glaseri, and S. longicaudum, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and milky disease, Paenibacil/us popil/iae were isolated from white grubs or turfgrass soil as microbial control agents. Besides, dipteran predators, Cophinopoda chinensis, Philonicus albiceps, and Promachus yesonicus and hymenopteran parasitoid, Tiphia sp. were also collected. The P. yesonicus was the most active in golf courses. The root-knot nematode, M. incognita was found from Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella. and Cynodon dactylon.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.587-602
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• 2017

Correlations of soil and leaf nutrients and growth of young 'Enterprise' apple (Malus ${\times}$ domestica Borkh.) trees were analyzed with tree damage, such as Japanese beetle (JB; Popillia japonica Newman)-damaged leaves, vole damage to trunk, tree mortality, and weed density in a certified organic orchard in warm and humid environment of Southern USA. Interaction treatments of four mulch and three fertilizers were applied around trees as follows: mow-and-blow (MB), shredded paper (SP), wood chips (WC), and green compost (GC) as a mulch, with no fertilizer (NF), poultry litter (PL), and commercial organic fertilizer (CF) as a fertilizer applied in April. Vole damage to trunk and weed density were little correlated with mineral nutrients and tree growth. JB-damaged leaves were highly stimulated to 26.5% in GC-treated plots while tree mortality were increased by MB treatments. Biomass production per tree was approximately 3,700 g on the WC- and GC-treated plots, which was two times higher than those values observed on the other two mulch plots. JB-damaged leaves tended to get worse when nutrients in soil and leaf increased through the correlation analysis, with a strong positive relationship ($r^2=0.585$) observed between JB-damaged leaves and trunk cross sectional area, a vegetative indicator. Tree mortality was more negatively associated with nutrient contents and growth of trees than those of soil nutrients. Wood chips was considered for a local organic mulch materials to increase organic matter contents and to produce healthy young trees in Southern USA, with control insect, such as beetle, and vole density in an orchard habitat.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 1998

The white grubs in turfgrass were investigated from 15 golf clubs in 7 provinces and 2 metropolitan cities. 12 white grub species were collected and 11 species in 8 genera including oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis were identified but 1 species was not identified. The oriental beetle grub was the most serious pest in turfgrass out of them. The brown chafer, Adoretus tenuimaculatus was widely distributed species collected from 6 golf clubs, Maladera castanea was collected from 5 golf clubs and A. orientalis, Holotrichia kiotoensis, and M. orientalis were collected from 4 golf clubs. The white grubs, their density, and distribution depth were also observed at tee, fairway, and green from Yongweon, Daegu, and Dongrae golf clubs. A. orientalis was dominant species in overwintering season but A. tenuimaculatus was dominant one in unoverwintering season. The density of white grubs was low in the green compared with tee or fairway. Distribution depth was different depending on season in Daegu and Dongrae golf clubs but not different in Yongweon golf club. Although there showed no differences in white grub species depending on turfgrass but density was different, that is, A. tenuimaculatus was abundant in Zoysia matrella while A. orientalis abundant in Poa pratensis. The density of A. orientalis grubs was higher in older golf courses but there showed no differences in white grub species depending on the age of golf club.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

White grub damages various crops, trees and they can also be one of the most serious pests of turf grass in golf courses. This study was conducted to determine the biocontrol of white grubs with 18 different kinds (anise, camphor, castor, cinnamon, clove oil, citronella, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, rosemary, tea-tree, thyme, and turpentine) of plant essential oils in laboratory, green house and field. Anise oil (88.9%), linseed oil (100%), and tea-tree oil (88.9%) were highly effective among tested essential oils against 3rd instar of Bifurcanmala aulax in cap vial experiment. However, anise and linseed oils showed low mortality against $3^{rd}$ instar of Popillia japonica in pot greenhouse experiment. Efficacy of anise, linseed oil, and tea-tree was also different depending on target white grub in field trials. Correlated mortality showed 32.6% only in tea-tree oil treatment against pupae of Adoretus tenuimaculatus however, correlated mortality of anise, linseed and tea-tree oil were 54.8, 51.6 and 56.5% respectively against $3^{rd}$ instar of Exomala orientalis in the field trial in Adelscott Country Club in Hapcheon, Gyeongnam province.