• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.338-342
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Two Field tests were conducted at Buan and Yangpyung in 2012 and 2013 to confirm controlling effect of mulberry popcorn disease and mulberry Sucker pests which are becoming serious in mass cultivation area of eco-friendly farming mulberry. METHODS AND RESULTS: As the treatments, 4 Natural products and 3 microbials were applied and 4 mulching materials were used. On the prevent effect of mulberry popcorn disease(Sclerotinia shiraiana) by using mulching materials, nonwoven fabric mulching showed worse effect than non-mulched treatment plot. Moreover, rice straw mulching showed significantly worse effect compare to nonwoven fabric and herb mulching treatments. Natural plant extracts and microbials showed 40~65% control value in 2013, which is little bit worse than 2012 results. On the control effect of mulberry Sucker(Amomoneura mori), organic products which combined with neem, sophora and derris showed excellent result as similar control level of Thiophanate-methyl. It means the chemical products can be replaced with organic product. CONCLUSION(S): According to the 2 years studied results, integrate eco-friendly farming measures are recommended for control of mulberry popcorn disease, because any single method is seemed not sufficient enough. However, natural plant extracts mixture is recommended as a product to control of mulberry Sucker.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of spontaneous ignition in Butadiene popcorn polymer, which is used as raw material and product in a chemical plant. A component analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, thermal stability analysis, spontaneous ignition point measurement and accelerated velocity calorimetric analysis were performed. As a result of analysis, various kinds of flammable components were measured and thermogravimetric analysis showed a weight loss of 95.6% in air and 89.2% in nitrogen. As a result of the thermal stability analysis, heat generation started at $88^{\circ}C$ in the air atmosphere, and the heat generation rate increased sharply in the vicinity of the natural ignition point ($220^{\circ}C$). The heat generation started at about $70^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen atmosphere, and the two exothermic peak values were observed up to $450^{\circ}C$. As a result of accelerated rate calorimetry, there was no exothermic phenomenon, and the lowest ignition temperature was $211.7^{\circ}C$ as a result of analysis of natural ignition point. Based on the results obtained from the thermal stability evaluation, it is considered that the possibility of inducing the thermal deformation of the column by the heat of reaction is sufficient.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2013

We evaluated the morphological characteristics of 79 popcorn inbred lines, which were developed to breeding popcorn variety at Maize Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services, by examining ten quantitative and three qualitative characteristics. In the survey of 3 qualitative traits for 79 popcorn inbred lines, most inbred lines respectively showed purple (46 inbred lines) at tassel color (QL1), green (55inbred lines) at silk color (QL2) and green (75 inbred lines) at stem color (QL3). While, on the survey of 10 quantitative traits among 79 popcorn inbred lines, they showed the morphological variation in plant height (QN1, $174.2{\pm}34.9$ cm), ear height (QN2, $103.4{\pm}24.7$ cm), ear length (QN3, $9.4{\pm}3.0$ cm), kernel setting length (QN4, $8.4{\pm}2.6$ cm), ear thickness (QN5, $24.9{\pm}7.7$ mm), ear row number (QN6, $14.0{\pm}2.3$ number), ear weight (QN7, $36.5{\pm}26.0$ g), kernel weight (QN8, $30.9{\pm}19.3$ g), 100 kernel weight (QN9, $10.4{\pm}3.8$ g) and germination rate (QN10, $95.3{\pm}8.1%$), respectively. As a result, 5 inbred lines (PS0-001, PS0-003, PS1-002, PS1-003, PS2-009) in the 79 popcorn inbred lines have showed comparatively high values for the five quantitative traits. On the principal component analysis, silk color (QL2), ear length (QN3), kernel setting length (QN4), ear thickness (QN5), ear weight (QN7), kernel weight (QN8) and 100 kernel weight (QN9) greatly contributed in positive direction on the first principal components, whereas tassel color (QL1), stem color (QL3), ear height (QN2) and ear row number (QN6) contributed in negative direction on the first principal component. In addition, plant height (QN1), ear height (QN2), and kernel weight (QN8) contributed in positive direction on the second principal component, and also tassel color (QL1), silk color (QL2), ear length (QN3), ear row number (QN6) and 100 kernel weight (QN9) contributed in negative direction on the second principal component.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 1992

There are many methods of obtaining butadiene described in the literature. In the america it is produced largely from petroleum gases, i.e., by catalytic dehydrogenation of butene of butene-butane mixtures. Butadiene can be recovered from the $C_4$ residue of an olefin plant by distilling off a fraction containing most of the butadiene, catalytically hydrogenating the higher acetylenes to olefins and separating the product from other olefins and isobutane by extraction. Also it can be obtained by cracking naphtha and light oil. Among the individual dienes of commercial importance, 1, 3-butadiene is of first importance. It is used primarily for the production of polymers.In the present paper, it was investigated for a effect of the formation and the growth inhibition of popped corn polymer in butadiene extraction unit. As a result of study, inhibitors, $NaNO_2$ and TBC were good effective for inhibition of the formation and growth in popcorn polymer. The rational formula of popcorn polymer obtained was $(C_4H_6)_x$.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.222-222
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• 2000

PBGA(Plastic Ball Grid Array) is composed of some materials such as PCB(Printed Circuit Board), epoxy molding compound, die attach and so on. Reliability of PBGA package is weak compared with plastic packages. The weak points of reliability are the lower resistance to popcorn cracking, which is induced by moisture absorption in PCB, and the pressure cooker test corrosion, which is the basic problem due to the material characteristics of PCB. Introducing the PCB baking and the plasma treatment cleared the popcorn cracking phenomenon. The PCB baking and plasma treatment reduced the epoxy void by eliminating the source of moisture vaporization during the epoxy curing and enhanced the adhesion between PCB and epoxy. Also, plasma treatment enhanced the wettability of epoxy on PCB. The problem of corrosion is cleared using multi-functional epoxy. This type of EMC(Epoxy Molding Compound) is recommended in package using PCB as a substrate. (Received November 19, 1999)

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2000

PBGA(Plastic Ball Grid Array) is composed of some materials such as PCB(Printed Circuit Board), epoxy molding compound, die attach and so on. Reliability of PBGA package is weak compared with plastic packages. The weak points of reliability are the lower resistance to popcorn cracking, which is induced by moisture absorption in PCB, and the pressure cooker test corrosion, which is the basic problem due to the material characteristics of PCB. Introducing the PCB banking and the plasma treatment cleared the popcorn cracking phenomenon. The PCB banking and plasma treatment reduced the epoxy void by eliminating the source of moisture vaporization during the epoxy curing and enhanced the adhesion between PCB and epoxy. Also, plasma treatment enhanced the wettability of epoxy on PCB. The problem of corrosion is cleared using multi-functional epoxy. This type of EMC(Epoxy Molding Compound) is recommended in package using PCB as a substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1010-1014
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine the trans fatty acid (tF A) contents of 41 take-out food items in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Total fatty acid composition and tFA contents of samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after fat extraction (Folch method). Maximum fat content among the observed samples was obtained from theater popcorn (13.74${/cdot}$38.09%) while minimum content was observed from the glutinous rice doughnut. 31${/cdot}$5.44%). The contents of tFA (g/100 g food) in toasts, glutinous rice doughnut and ggwabaegi (twisted doughnut sold in streets) ranged from 0.02 to 0.56 g while those in fried sweet potatostick (from highway resting place), fried squid and theater popcorn ranged from 0.05 to 3.08 g/100 g. As a result, most samples showed the tFA content as less than 1 g (g/100 g food) except one sample from theater popcorn which contained 3.08 g (g/100 g food) as tFA content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 1995

Popped popcorn generally have a regular popping direction and typical shape. But the reason and mechanism are not clear yet. This experiment was carried out to investigate the shape moulding factor of popped popcorn. Pericarp thickness of tip-cap section of kernels is slightly thicker than that of top section and this fact provides the important information to the reason. Popping starts when the moisture pressure of heated popcorn is increased and reaches at the critical pressure. Therefore, in the same moisture pressure conditions, top sections are bursted first because their pericarp section is thinner than that of tip-cap section. At the very moment tip-cap sections pull down the top sections of peri carp as bi-metal does. So kernels which removed tip-cap section showed the irregular popping shape because they lost the tip-cap pericarp function. How-ever, kernels which removed embryo showed the typical popping shape but their popping volume was small due to emition and shortage of critical moisture pressure. But kernels which removed the whole pericarp and top pericarp were not popped at all because moisture was entirely emitting out of kernels. These results suggest that the shape moulding factor of popped popcorn is the pericarp thickness differences between the top and tip-cap section of kernels.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate the major characters affecting the popping volume of popcorn. Tuygimok 1 (Kp1 ${\times}$ Kp2) and 8 popcorn hybrids' agronomic characters were tested to evaluate a certain extent how much they affect on the popping volume. Moisture con-tent was considered as the most important factor, but failed to evaluate the optimum moisture con-tent level in this experiment moisture range (12.2-14.4%) because popping volume increased as moisture content of kernels increased. The maximum popping volume was obtained at 55-60kg of kernel hardness, 80-90,um of pericarp thickness and 45-50% of S/H (Soft/Hard starch). But the Em/En(Embryo/Endosperm) ratio was negatively associated with the popping volume. Therefore the minimum popping volume was observed at the 10-11 % of Em/En ratio. Moisture content, hardness, pericarp thickness, Em/En and S/H ratio were selected as the appropriate variables for the maxi-mum popping volume using the stepwise forward regression method and the expecting popping volume was estimated by the multiple linear regression formular. The mean popping volume of ninepopcorn hybrids was about 29.2cm3/g.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 2011

Knowledge of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among inbred lines gives a significant impact on the selection of parental lines for hybrid maize varieties. Genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 86 popcorn inbred lines were analyzed using 50 SSR markers distributed over the whole genome. A total of 256 alleles were identified at all the SSR loci with an average of 5.1 and a range between two and sixteen per locus. The gene diversity values varied from 0.21 to 0.831 with an average of 0.579. The cluster tree generated using the described SSR markers recognized three major groups at 35.8% genetic similarity. Groups I, II, III respectively included 40, 39 and 7 inbred lines. The present study indicates that the SSR markers chosen for this analysis are effective for the assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 86 popcorn inbred lines in Korea.