• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2004

The present study is to investigate the effect of heat input on the microstructure, tensile properties and toughness of single-pass submerged arc bead-in-groove welds produced on SA508 class 3 steels. The heat input was varied in the range of 1.6, 3.2 and 5.0 kJ/mm. The toughness of weld metals was evaluated by using subsize Charpy V-notch specimens in the temperature range of -19$0^{\circ}C$ to 2$0^{\circ}C$. The weld microstructure and fractography were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopies, respectively. With increasing heat inputs, tensile strength and hardness of weld metals were decreased while elongation was increased. The poor notch toughness at 1.6 kJ/mm was attributed to the formation of ferrite with aligned second phase and banitic microstructure with high yield strength while that at 5.0 kJ/mm was due to the presence of grain boundary and polygonal ferrites. The microstructure of the intermediate energy input welds consisted of a high proportion of acicular ferrite with limited polygonal ferrites, which provide improved notch toughness.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2013

The case report describes the occlusal rehabilitation of a male patient with Angle Class III malocclusion and its effect on maximum bite force. The main complaints of patient were masticatory difficulty and poor esthetic. The patient's expectations from the treatment were a good esthetic and function with a less invasive and relatively promptly way. Therefore, increasing of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and then restoring the maxillary and mandibular teeth was chosen by the patient among the treatment options. At the beginning of treatment maximum bite force of patient was measured. Then an occlusal splint was provided to evaluate the adaptation of the patient to the altered OVD. Full mouth rehabilitation with metal ceramic restorations was made. After the completion of full mouth restoration, bite force measurement was repeated and patient exhibited increased maximum bite force. Full mouth restorative treatment in a patient with Class III malocclusion could be an effective treatment approach to resolve esthetic concern and to improve masticatory function related to maximum bite force.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.135-163
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• 2008

This study intends to confirm if it is effective in improving the problem behaviors by applying "Logical Consequence" suggested by Adler to the class management. The researcher who is in charge of the 4th grade class of elementary school in G city applied Adlerian logical consequence to her children, observed and examined the effectiveness of reducing the problem behaviors by the qualitative study method of in-depth interview from March to October. The problem behaviors treated in this study includes irrelevant remarks and gossip in school time, no preparation for taking lessons in time, no preparation of a textbook and a supply, no involvement in doing homework, scribbling and poor handwriting on a textbook, teasing a friend (abusive language, joking, violence), indoor running, no involvement in doing a task, being late and no arrangement of indoor shoes. In conclusion, this study indicated that the use of Logical Consequence was relatively effective in improving the problem behaviors and more effective in individual behaviors rather than group's behaviors. While the problem behaviors conducted in a class in the daily routine were effective at the point of the occurred problems, the problem behaviors occurred at the point of time related to a home or the finish of daily routine were ineffective.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

영화 <기생충>은 한 가족의 삶을 부유한 가족에 기생하여 사는 기이한 삶의 방식으로 접근하고 있는 특이한 영화로 우리 사회의 빈부의 격차가 얼마나 큰지를 보여주는 암울하고 처절한 의미를 담고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 영화 <기생충>에 들어 있는 집과 가족의 의미와 사회적 함의가 무엇인지 짚어 보고자 한 것이다. 그 결과 영화 <기생충>에 들어 있는 세 가족(기택네 집, 박 사장집, 가정부의 공간)의 집은 확실한 계층을 의미하며 그 집에 살고 있는 가족의 위치나 계급을 상징적으로 나타내고 있다. 그리고 이들 3가족에게 나타난 가족의 의미는 기생하듯 살고 있는 하층 계급은 가족끼리 상호조력의 개념은 가지고 있으나 양심이나 도덕개념은 없다. 또한 이 영화 <기생충>에 들어 있는 사회적 함의를 짚어 보면 빈부의 격차에 따른 계층의 의미와 영화에서 상징하는 수석의 의미, 그리고 비극적 결말로 볼 수 있다. 우리는 이 영화의 결말을 통해 빈부의 격차가 극심한 사회적 불균형에서 오는 우리의 미래를 예견해 볼 수 있다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제37호
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• pp.5-33
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• 2008

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 3기 자료를 이용하여 저소득층의 의료이용에 대해 살펴 보았으며, 분석의 초점은 충족되지 않은 의료욕구와 의료급여제도의 효과에 두어졌다. 분석 결과 전반적으로 저소득층은 건강상태가 좋지 않은 반면 가구총소득이나 직업 등 가능요인 측면에서는 매우 불리한 조건에 놓여 있어, 의료욕구는 높으나 이를 충족시킬 자원이 부족한 상황인 것으로 나타났다. 그럼에도 불구하고 실제 저소득층의 의료기관 이용여부는 입원, 외래, 약국 등 모든 측면에서 일반인들보다 높게 나타났으며, 이는 다른 요인들을 통제했을 경우에도 유의미하였다. 분산분석(ANOVA) 결과 이용횟수에 있어서도 의료급여수급자들이 많았다. 반면, 비용 측면에서는 분산분석에서 통계적인 유의도가 검증되지 않았으나, 질병관련 요인을 비롯한 다른 요인들을 통제했을 경우 의료급여제도는 분명히 의료비용을 낮추는 효과가 있다. 의료이용에 대한 분석에서 의료급여제도는 저소득층의 좋지 않은 건강상태와 빈약한 경제적 조건을 효과적으로 보완하여 긍정적으로 기능하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나, 의료급여제도는 저소득층의 의료욕구를 충분히 충족시켜주는데는 여전히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 저소득층의 충족되지 않은 의료욕구는 여전히 일반인들보다 크며, 그 이유 중 가장 큰 것은 경제적인 이유였다. 이에 대한 계량분석결과 의료급여 1종과 2종, 차상위계층 등 모든 빈곤계층은 의료이용 포기가 일반 건강보험 가입자에 비해 높은 것으로 제시되고 있다. 의료급여 대상자들의 높은 의료이용량에도 불구하고 여전히 저소득층의 충족되지 않은 의료욕구가 크다는 것은 의료급여가 대상자들의 자원부족을 보완하여 어느정도 의료접근성을 높여주고 있지만 대상자들이 가진 의료욕구를 완전히 해소하기에는 불충분하다는 것을 의미하는 것이다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.41-70
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• 2005

본 연구는 사회경제적 구조변화에 따른 빈곤형태의 변화를 고찰하고 신빈곤층의 탈빈곤을 위한 정책을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 그동안 빈곤정책은 노령, 실업, 장애, 질병 등 노동능력 상실과 관련된 절대빈곤층에 초점을 두어 왔다. 그러나 경제위기 후 증가하는 빈곤의 특성은 노동시장 참여가 더 이상 탈빈곤의 요인으로 작용하지 않게 되었다. 본 연구는 근로빈민을 대상으로 경제위기이후 경제상황변화, 복지상황, 사회적 위험에 대한 경험 및 대응방식에 대해 경험적으로 조사하고 이를 기반으로 탈빈곤정책을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과 근로빈민층은 경제위기이후 실업, 소득감소 등 다양한 형태의 사회적 위험을 경험했으며 불안정한 고용상황, 취약한 복지상황을 보여주고 있으며 이를 기반으로 탈빈곤정책으로 소득안정정책, 직업훈련 및 기술교육정책, 적극적인 사회복지정책 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2008

This paper shows that the use of prior probabilities of the involved classes improve the accuracy of classification in case of poor separability between classes. Three cases of experiments are designed with two LiDAR datasets while considering three different classes (building, tree, and flat grass area). Moreover, random sampling method with human interpretation is used to achieve the approximate prior probabilities in this research. Based on the experimental results, Bayesian classification with the appropriate prior probability makes the improved classification results comparing with the case of non-prior probability when the ratio of prior probability of one class to that of the other is significantly different to 1.0.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

To develop the practical cultivation for paddy field, we investigated the properties of paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content of 6-year-old ginseng, Cheonpung variety between poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC). Groundwater level in PDC showed monthly small changes of 20~30 cm, while IDC showed monthly great changes of 28~71 cm depending on rainfall. Soil moisture content in PDC and IDC was 17.2%, 22.5%, respectively. Air temperature in IDC was lower than $0.3^{\circ}C$, while soil temperature was higher than $0.8^{\circ}C$ compare to PDC, respectively. Main soil color of PDC was grayish olive, while IDC was brownish olive. PDC showed yellowish mottles only at underground of 20~40 cm, while IDC showed that at underground of 30~90 cm. IDC showed lower pH, EC, potassium, calcium and magnesium content, but higher organic matter, phosphate, and iron content than that of PDC, respectively. All of EC, organic matter, potassium, calcium, and magnesium content were decreased, but iron content was increased at the subsoil layers of PDC. All of EC, organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium content were decreased, but calcium and magnesium content were increased at the subsoil layers of IDC. Root yield in IDC was more increased by 33% than that of PDC. The moisture content and rusty ratio of ginseng root in IDC were lower than that of PDC. Ginsenoside content in IDC was higher than that of PDC because the ratio of lateral and fine root showing relatively high content of ginsenoside was higher in IDC than that of PDC.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2001

Objective: Atrophy and a high T2 signal of the hippocampus are known to be the principal MR imaging findings of hippocampal sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not individual MRI findings correlate with surgical outcome in patients with this condition. Materials and Methods: Preoperative MR imaging findings in 57 consecutive patients with pathologically-proven hippocampal sclerosis who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and were followed-up for 24 months or more were retrospectively reviewed, and the results were compared with the postsurgical outcome (Engel classification). The MR images included routine sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted spin-echo images, and oblique coronal T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo and T2-weighted 2D fast spin-echo images obtained on either a 1.5 T or 1.0 T unit. The images were visually evaluated by two neuroradiologists blinded to the outcome; their focus was the presence or absence of atrophy and a high T2 hippocampal signal. Results: Hippocampal atrophy was seen in 96% of cases (55/57) [100% (53/53) of the good outcome group (Engel class I and II), and 50% (2/4) of the poor outcome group (class III and IV)]. A high T2 hippocampal signal was seen in 61% of cases (35/57) [62% (33/53) of the good outcome group and 50% (2/4) of the poor outcome group]. All 35 patients with a high T2 signal had hippocampal atrophy. 'Normal' hippocampus, as revealed by MR imaging, occurred in 4% of patients (2/57), both of whom showed a poor outcome (Engel class III). The presence or absence of hippocampal atrophy correlated well with surgical outcome (p<0.01). High T2 signal intensity did not, however, significantly correlate with surgical outcome (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with a high T2 hippocampal signal, hippocampal atrophy is more common and correlates better with surgical outcome. For the prediction of this, it thus appears to be the more useful indicator.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2015

Ernst May and the New Frankfurt Initiative are well known for the urban planning and the Housings in Frankfurt a. M. Their works tend to be underestimated because of some factors such as modest attitude toward modernism design vocabulary, short period that their programs lasts, and modification/recession of project in actual construction. So, This study aims to build up the relations related to Housing, such as situation of post World War I in German Society and Frankfurt, May's cognition on the working class, and realization of rationalization as a major tools of the modernity. Ernst May considered the working class with bipolar standpoint. Ernst May and His team considered working class and those families not only as object of relief but also as potential 'modern citizens' to be disciplined; he sympathize poor conditions of working class while discriminating them by their labor charge. Acceptance of Socially Disadvantaged group in construction were also proceeded in means of recession of cost. Even Ernst May and his team did not achieved the goals that they thought they could, their Siedlung and house designs articulated the sense of modernity, which presented in rationalization with highly practical manner. Those are realized in 3 directions; respectful considerations for existing traditional factors, application of extendable logics of physical/social hygiene, and reflection of issues with standardization and mass production.