• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2014

본 논문의 목적은 가중치 분석을 통해 지역공동형 훈련성과를 효과적으로 점검할 수 있는 평가지표를 개발하는 것이다. 지표를 개발하기 위하여, 1단계에서는 선행연구 분석을 통해 예비지표 목록을 구성하였고, 2단계에서는 전문가 검토를 통해 지표의 적절성과 대표성을 점검하였으며, 3단계에서는 현장 훈련기관 전담자 검토를 통해 지표의 현장 적용 가능성을 파악하였고, 최종 성과 평가지표를 산출하였다. 4단계에서는 최종지표를 바탕으로 가중치 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 협약기업 발굴 및 관리실적 영역(협약기업 참여율, 근로자 훈련참여율 등), 훈련실적 영역(수료율, 취업률 등), 비용효과성 영역(1인당 훈련비용), 만족도 영역(협약기업 만족도, 훈련생 만족도), 지역공동 훈련활성화 영역(지역인적자원개발협의체 운영, 지자체의 인력개발 의지 등)별 지표들을 개발하였다. 가중치는 지역산업의 훈련수요 대응, 협약기업 만족도, 지역인적 자원개발협의체 운영 순으로 높았다. 또한 지역공동형 훈련성과 지표에 대한 지속적인 개선과 분석이 필요하다는 점을 제언하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2010

Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of the amino acids glycine and cysteine on cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa. After primary evaluation of collected ejaculates, the semen samples were pooled and diluted 1:4 before cooling (experiment 1) and freezing (experiment 2) with Tris-Citrate-Fructose-Yolk (TCFY) extender supplemented with different concentrations of glycine and cysteine (5, 10, 15 and 20 mM). As the control, semen was diluted and frozen in the extender without amino acids. Motility, viability and membrane integrity were assessed as the parameters for semen quality in the first experiment. In the second experiment, motility, progressive motility, viability, membranes and acrosome integrity were evaluated after the freezing-thawing process. The results of the first experiment indicated that the addition of 10 and 15 mM cysteine compared to the control (basic) extender significantly increased (p<0.01) the motility, viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa after cooling. However, further increasing these amino acids up to 20 mM had a significant negative effect (p<0.05). Our results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between 5 mM glycine compared to 5 mM cysteine and between 20 mM glycine and 20 mM cysteine. The results of experiment 2 showed that the amino acids significantly improved post-thaw motility, progressive motility, viability, membranes and acrosome integrity of ram spermatozoa. These positive effects were observed at concentrations between 5 to 15 mM of glycine and cysteine, with the best results at 15 mM. Further increasing of amino acid concentrations significantly decreased the post-thaw characteristics of spermatozoa, but the results showed that cysteine was better than glycine and control extenders. The data indicated that addition of glycine or cysteine to the freezing extender can be recommended for cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa. However, further studies are still needed to determine the effect of such addition on fertility in farm animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1276-1281
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) supplementation on diluted, cooled and frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. After primary evaluation of collected ejaculates, only semen samples with motility of more than 70% and sperm concentration higher than $3{\times}10^3$ sperm/ml were used for cryopreservation. The selected semen samples were then pooled and diluted 1:4 with Tris Citrate Fructose Yolk (TCFY) extender supplemented with different concentrations of BHT (0.5, 10, 2.0 and 3.0 mM). As the control, semen was diluted and frozen in the diluent without BHT. Motility, progressive motility, viability, membranes and acrosome integrity were evaluated after dilution (part 1), cooling (part 2) and freezing and thawing (part 3). The results of the first part of the experiment showed that there were no significant difference between treatments in the motility, progressive motility, viability, membranes and acrosome integrity of spermatozoa, but the results with 2.0 mM BHT were slightly better than obtained with other levels of BHT and control extender. Significantly better results (p<0.05) were observed in the second part of the experiment for cooled spermatozoa characteristics, when extender was supplemented with 2.0 and 3.0 mM BHT. Furthermore, the results obtained in the third part of the experiment indicated that, after freezing and thawing, all evaluated semen characteristics were improved significantly (p<0.05) by increasing BHT levels, with the best results obtained for extender containing 2 mM BHT. Comparison of these results with those of control diluent, the effects of supplementation were significantly (p<0.01) better. However, the higher concentration of BHT (3.0 mM) reduced the motility, acrosomal integrity, viability and hypo-osmotic swelling response of spermatozoa compared to extender containing 2.0 mM BHT. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study showed that the semen quality of rams was improved when BHT was added to extender used before the freezing process.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.91-118
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• 2005

본 연구는 OECD 14개 회원국을 대상으로 복지체제와 생산체제의 조정전략과 이들 사이의 제도적 상보성이 소득 불평등에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 분석에 포함된 기간은 1980년에서 1997년이며, 분석방법은 벡과 카츠(Beck and Katz, 1995)가 제안한 PCSE(Panel Corrected Standard Errors) 방법이 사용되었다. 제도적 상보성은 분배조정과 생산조정 변수의 상호작용 항으로 분석된다. 본 연구의 결과 제도적 상보성 수준이 높을 경우가 그렇지 않을 경우보다 소득불평등 수준을 낮추는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 조정전략의 관점에서 볼 때, 분배조정 영역과 생산조정 영역이 모두 전략적 조정을 지향하도록 제도가 구성될 때 소득 불평등 정도를 더 낮추는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 복지체제 영역에서 전략적 조정을 지향하는 정책 변화는 생산체제 영역에서 전략적 조정을 증가시키는 정책 변화가 같이 진행될 때 소득 불평등 수준을 더 낮출 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.14.1-14.16
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze previously published studies of the effects of dentin surface pretreatment with deproteinizing agents on the bonding of self-etch (SE) adhesives to dentin. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of the above-mentioned surface pretreatment methods on the bonding of SE adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The online search was performed using the following keywords: 'dentin' or 'hypochlorous acid' or 'sodium hypochlorite' and 'self-etch adhesive.' The following categories were excluded during the assessment process: non-English articles, randomized clinical trials, case reports, animal studies, and review articles. The reviewed studies were subjected to meta-analysis to quantify the effect of the application time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) deproteinizing agents on bonding to dentin. Results: Only 9 laboratory studies fit the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled average microtensile bond strength values to dentin pre-treated with deproteinizing agents (15.71 MPa) was significantly lower than those of the non-treated control group (20.94 MPa). Conclusions: In light of the currently available scientific evidence, dentin surface pretreatment with deproteinizing agents does not enhance the bonding of SE adhesives to dentin. The HOCl deproteinizing agent exhibited minimal adverse effects on bonding to dentin in comparison with NaOCl solutions.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2018

Pigs are considered as optimal donor animal for the successful xenotransplantation. To increase the possibility of clinical application, genetic modification to increase compatibility with human is an important and essential process. Genetic modification technique has been developed and improved to produce genetically modified pigs rapidly. CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used in various fields including the production of transgenic animals and also can be enable multiple gene modifications. In this study, we developed new gene targeting vector and enrichment system for the rapid and efficient selection of genetically modified cells. We conducted co-transfection with two targeting vectors for simultaneous inactivation of two genes and enrichment of the genetically modified cells using MACS. After this efficient enrichment, genotypic analysis of each colony showed that colonies which have genetic modifications on both genes were confirmed with high efficiency. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was conducted with established donor cells and genetically modified pigs were successfully produced. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of generated pigs showed identical genotypes with donor cells and no surface expression of ${\alpha}$-Gal and HD antigens. Furthermore, functional analysis using pooled human serum revealed dramatically reduction of human natural antibody (IgG and IgM) binding level and natural antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the constructed vector and enrichment system using MACS used in this study is efficient and useful to generate genetically modified donor cells with multiple genetic alterations and lead to an efficient production of genetically modified pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.425-440
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• 2023

Background: Muscimol's quick onset and GABAergic properties make it a promising candidate for the treatment of pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies aimed at summarizing the evidence regarding the efficacy of muscimol administration in the amelioration of nerve injury-related neuropathic pain. Methods: Two independent researchers performed the screening process in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science extracting data were extracted into a checklist designed according to the PRISMA guideline. A standardized mean difference (SMD [95% confidence interval]) was calculated for each. To assess the heterogeneity between studies, ² and chi-square tests were utilized. In the case of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the potential source. Results: Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Pooled data analysis showed that the administration of muscimol during the peak effect causes a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia (SMD = 1.78 [1.45-2.11]; P < 0.0001; I² = 72.70%), mechanical hyperalgesia (SMD = 1.62 [1.28-1.96]; P < 0.0001; I² = 40.66%), and thermal hyperalgesia (SMD = 2.59 [1.79-3.39]; P < 0.0001; I² = 80.33%). This significant amendment of pain was observed at a declining rate from 15 minutes to at least 180 minutes post-treatment in mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia, and up to 30 minutes in thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0 .0001). Conclusions: Muscimol is effective in the amelioration of mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia, exerting its analgesic effects 15 minutes after administration for up to at least 3 hours.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1998

성층권의 오존층 파괴로 수반되는 부작용에는 우주의 자외선이 차단되지 않고 지구표면에까지 도달하는 것을 들 수 있다. 이로 인하여 생태계 파괴를 비롯하여 기후이상 및 인체 건강장애 발생의 가능성이 높아진다고 알려져 있다. 특히 자외선 노출로 인한 피부암 발생에 관한 여러 연구결과가 보고 되었으며 이에 대한 종합적이고 신뢰성 있는 재평가 필요성이 대두되었으며 유사한 연구의 국내 수행이 제시되는 때이다. 이에 메타분석이라는 방법을 통하여 신뢰성있는 BAF 값을 추정하여 보고 이 지수를 국내 자료에 적용하여 국내 피부암 발생의 변화 양상을 자외선 증가와 함께 추정하여 보았다. 3개국의 자료를 일원화하여 추정된 UVB 계수는 지수함수 모델에 의해서는 $2.07\times10^{-6}$으로, 멱함수 모델에 의해서는 2.49로 산출되었으며, 이들 모두 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 이 계수로부터 BAF 값을 추정한 결과, 서울 일부 지역에서의 UVB 조사량이 1% 증가되면, 피부암 발생률은 지수함수 모델에서는 1.90%, 멱함수 모델에서는 2.51%가 증가되는 것으로 산출되었으며, 이 연구에서 적용한 메타분석의 방법으로 제시된 위해도는 비교적 신뢰도가 높을 것으로 추정된다. 현재 우리나라에서의 비흑색종 피부암 발생율이 백만명당 11명이라고 가정할 때, UVB 조사량이 1% 증가됨으로 인해 국내 비흑색종 피부암 발생율은 백만명당 11.1명$\sim$11.3명으로 증가되는 것으로 예측된다. 이렇게 낮은 수준의 위해도에도 불구하고 자외선 노출이 피부암 발생의 원인적 요인이라는 것이 밝혀진 지금, 이에 대한 불필요한 노출을 가능한 삼가고 계속적인 관심을 두어야 할 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1993

Differentiating the various causes of hydronephrosis from that of obstruction can be very difficult. The decision-making process for those instances of urinary tract dilatation that require surgical correction and those that do not is based in part on the findings of diuresis renography. The methodology for performing this test has differed among nuclear medicine practitioners and the surgical findings are occasionally discrepant from the diuretic renogram interpretation. Consequently we made an automatic computer software program that calculates the slope of the response curve. The quantitative indices, such as the injection and response t1/2 by linear-fitting and monoexponential-fitting, were compared with the visual assessment of the diuretic cinerenography and clinical outcome in 50 children (62 kidneys) with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Pooled diuresis renogram data indicated that: (1) Visual evaluation of the diuretic cinerenography is a sensitive (87%, 54/62) tool to differentiate obstruction in suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction. (2) The cut-off value (maximum washout t1/2 with non-obstruction) of injection and response t1/2 by linear-fitting were 40 min. (3) The sensitivity and specificity using injection and response t1/2 by linear-fitting for obstruction were 89%(23/26) and 100%(30/30), respectively. (4) Response t1/2 as well as injection t1/2 by monoexponential-fitting do not stratify children with possible ureteropelivic junction obstruction. In conclusion, quantitative assessment of diuretic renography as well as visual assessment of diuretic cinerenography correlate well with surgical and clinical outcome of suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.382-415
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• 2019

본 연구는 수 위탁거래의 전속성이 수탁 중소벤처기업의 R&D투자, R&D인력, 외부 조직과 협력 범위, 특허출원건수, 신제품에 의한 매출 및 누적 매출성장률에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 벤처기업정밀실태조사의 원자료를 이용하여 6,029개 중소벤처기업의 병합된 횡단면 데이터를 분석한 결과 첫째, 대기업 및 1 2차 협력업체와 전속거래를 하는 중소벤처기업의 R&D투자수준은 시장판매 중소벤처기업의 투자수준보다 낮음을 실증하였다. 둘째, 전속거래를 하는 중소벤처기업의 혁신활동, 즉 R&D인력 비율 및 외부 조직과 협력 제휴 범위는 시장판매하는 중소벤처기업에 비해 낮음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 전속거래를 하는 중소벤처기업의 혁신성과, 즉 특허출원건수, 신제품에 의한 매출비중, 누적매출성장률은 시장판매하는 중소벤처기업에 비해 모두 낮음을 검증하였다. 네 번째로 수탁 중소벤처기업이 위탁 대기업의 1 2차 협력업체와 전속거래를 하는 경우가 가치사슬 상위의 대기업과 전속거래를 하는 경우에 비해 혁신 투입, 활동, 성과의 모든 측면에서 낮은 성과를 보이고 있었다. 위탁대기업 또는 1 2차 협력업체와 전속거래여부는 중소벤처기업의 혁신프로세스를 전반적이고 체계적으로 약화시켜서 혁신을 통한 성장을 기대하기 어려운 일종의 시장 실패를 가져오므로 중소벤처기업의 혁신정책은 이를 반영하여 설계될 필요가 있다.