• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구에서는 세 가지 중합 방법에 따른 이원 중합 레진 시멘트의 중합 수축률을 비교하고 광조사가 중합 정도에 미치는 영향에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 네 가지 종류의 이원 중합형 레진 시멘트(Smartcem 2, Panavia F 2.0, Clearfil SA Luting, Zirconite)가 사용되었다. 각 재료 당 세가지 서로 다른 중합 방법(자가 중합, 즉시 광중합, 5분 지연 광중합)으로 중합하였으며, 각 방법 당 5개의 시편을 사용하였다. Bonded disk method를 사용하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 30분간, 시간에 따른 중합 수축률을 측정하였다. 측정값은 일원분산분석과 다중 분석을 위한 Scheff$\acute{e}$ test를 사용하였고, 유의수준은 0.05으로 하였다. 결과: Panavia F 2.0를 제외한 나머지 세 종류의 이원 중합 레진 시멘트들은 지연 광중합 반응에서 가장 높은 중합 수축률을 보였다. Panavia F 2.0의 중합 수축률은 중합 방법간에 통계학적 유의성이 없었다. 중합이 개시된 초기 10분 내에 즉시 혹은 지연 광중합에서 모든 시멘트는 90% 이상의 중합수축을 보였다. 결론: 이원 중합 레진 시멘트의 지연 광중합이 중합 효율을 높인다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of light intensity variation on the polymerization rate of composite resin using IB system (the experimental equipment designed by Dr. IB Lee) by which real-time volumetric change of composite can be measured. Methods : Three commercial composite resins [Z100(Z1), AeliteFil(AF), SureFil(SF)] were photopolymerized with Variable Intensity Polymerizer unit (Bisco, U.S.A.) under the variable light intensity (75/150/225/300/375/450mW$^2$) during 20 sec. Polymerization shrinkage of samples was detected continuously by IB system during 110 sec and the rate of polymerization shrinkage was obtained by its shrinkage data. Peak time(P.T.) showing the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage was used to compare the polymerization rate. Results : Peak time decreased with increasing light intensity(p<0.05). Maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage increased with increasing light intensity(p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between peak time and inverse square root of the light intensity (AF:R=0.965, Zl:R=0.974, SF:R=0.927). Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage and peak time(AF:R=-0.933, Zl:R=-0.892, SF:R=-0.883), and a significant positive correlation between the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage and square root of the light intensity (AF:R=0.988, Zl:R=0.974, SF:R=0.946). Discussion and Conclusions : The polymerization rate of composite resins used in this study was proportional to the square root of light intensity Maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage as well as peak time can be used to compare the polymerization rate. Real-time volume method using IB system can be a simple alternative method to obtain the polymerization rate of composite resins.

• Carbon letters
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2005

Plasma polymerization of allylamine subsequently after plasma pre-treatment was conducted on the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) for the immobilization of amine groups in the surface of ACFs. The change of structural properties of ACFs with respect to different polymerization conditions was investigated through BET method. The change of surface morphologies of ACFs with respect to different plasma polymerization power was also studied through AFM. It was found that the structural properties such as specific surface area and micropore volume could be optimized under certain plasma deposition conditions. It was reckoned that treatment and deposition showed adverse effect on plasma polymerization, in which the former developed the micro-structures of the ACFs and the latter tended to block the micro pores. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the poly(allylamine) was successfully immobilized on the surface of ACFs and the amount of the deposited polymer layer was related to the plasma polymerization power. SEM results showed that the plasma deposited polymer layer were small and homogenously distributed. The size and the distribution of particles deposited were closely related to the plasma polymerization power, too.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.231-252
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• 1979

Polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone was carried out through anionic mechanism using $SO_2/KOH$ as catalyst. The effects of KOH concentration, $SO_2/KOH$ mole ratio and temperature on polymerization were investigated. The conversion and viscosity of polymers were measured at various polymerization conditions. It was observed that as the concentration of KOH was increased, equilibrium conversion was also increased. It was, however, found that after the concentration of KOH was reached above 8 mole percent, the equilibrium conversion was decreased. The highest rate of polymerization and maximum conversion were obtained when $SO_2/KOH$ mole ratio was around 0.5. It was also found that the rate of polymerization and the equilibrium conversion were higher at $50^{\circ}C$. than at $30^{\circ}C$. but the viscosity of polymer solution at $50^{\circ}C$. was not so high as expected. The rate constant, $K_p$ of polymerization, was determined by least square method: the value of $K_p$ was observed as 16 liter/mole hour at $50^{\circ}C$. and 2.6 liter/mole hour at $30^{\circ}C$., respectively. The mechanism of polymerization was also discussed.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

To obtain high molecular weight (HMW) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with high conversion, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized in suspension using a room temperature initiator, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN), and the effects of polymerization conditions on the polymerization behavior of MMA and the molecular parameters of PMMA were investigated. On the whole, the experimental results well corresponded to the theoretically predicted tendencies. These effects could be explained by a kinetic order of ADMVN concentration calculated by an initial rate method and an activation energy difference of polymerization obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Suspension polymerization at 25℃ by adopting ADMVN proved to be successful in obtaining PMMA of HMW (number-average degree of polymerization (P/sub n/): 30,900-36,100) and of high yield (ultimate conversion of MMA into PMMA: 83-93 %) with diminishing heat generated during polymerization. The P/sub n/ and lightness were higher and polydispersity index was lower with PMMA polymerized at lower temperatures.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2003

The dependence of electrical conductivity on concentrations of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) monomer, linear poly(DADMAC) and their mixture monomer/poly(DADMAC) in dilute aqueous solution exhibits a linear relationship. It was possible to calculate conversion of DADMAC polymerization by measuring its electric conductivity. Although the electrical conductivity of the poly(DADMAC) solution decreased with increasing its molecular weight, in the process of UV or ionizing radiation polymerization the molecular weight of the polymers could be kept constant in the case of fixed temperature, UV-luminous intensity or dose rate. Based on the method mentioned above, the kinetics of UV induced polymerization of DADMAC in aqueous solution was studied; the overall activation energy of polymerization of DADMAC in the water phase was calculated to be 18.8 kJ mol$^{-1}$ . ${\gamma}$-Radiation-induced polymerization of DADMAC in aqueous solution as a function of absorbed dose was studied as well. The conversion of DADMAC increased quickly with dose before 30 kGy and then increased slowly. The experimental data of both UV- and ${\gamma}$-induced polymerization were verified to be reliable by inverted ultracentrifugation method.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

Poly(HEMA)는 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 재료로써 널리 사용되어 왔다. $phSiH_3$, $phMeSiH_2$, $ph2SiH_2$와 같은 다양한 hydrosilane들과 hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)와의 열중합은 Phenylsilyl 말단기를 포함하는 poly(HEMA)를 생성시켰다. 열중합 반응 동안에는 Phenylsilane의 농도가 증가함에 따라 고분자의 분자량과 고분자 수득률이 감소됨을 보였으며 광중합 반응에서 보다 중합 수득률, 고분자의 분자량, TGA 잔여 수율 등이 더 높았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2018

The aim of this work is to study Monte Carlo simulation of ethylene (co)polymerization over Ziegler-Natta catalyst as investigated by Chen et al. The results revealed that the Monte Carlo simulation was similar to sum square error (SSE) model to prediction of stage II and III of polymerization. In the case of activation stage (stage I) both model had slightly deviation from experimental results. The modeling results demonstrated that in homopolymerization, SSE was superior to predict polymerization rate in current stage while for copolymerization, Monte Carlo had preferable prediction. The Monte Carlo simulation approved the SSE results to determine role of each site in total polymerization rate and revealed that homopolymerization rate changed from site to site and order of center was different compared to copolymerization. The polymer yield was reduced by addition of hydrogen amount however there was no specific effect on uptake curve which was predicted by Monte Carlo simulation with good accuracy. In the case of copolymerization it was evolved that monomer chain length and monomer concentration influenced the rate of polymerization as rate of polymerization reduced from 1-hexene to 1-octene and increased when monomer concentration proliferate.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

In this study, we designed and synthesized novel thermal radical initiators of BTAP (1-phenyl-3,3-dipropyltriazene), BTACP (1-(phenyldiazenyl)pyrrolidine), BTACH (1-(phenyldiazenyl)piperidine), and BTACH7 (1-(phenyldiazenyl)azepane) based on a triazene moiety to provide a thermal initiator for radical polymerization. The synthetic method is valuable due to the simplicity. In addition, the synthesized thermal initiator did not affect the color of the polymer. Among the four initiators, the polymerization time for the BTACH of the 6-membered ring decreased by 67%, as opposed to the polymerization time without initiator. Conversion after polymerization was over 92%. DSC experiments also showed that the initiator with hexagonal rings had the lowest peak polymerization temperature of $160^{\circ}C$. Our study suggests a promising new initiator system that is effective for radical polymerization.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.676-680
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• 2011

스티렌과 메틸아크릴레이트(methyl acrylate, MA)를 원자라디칼이동 중합(atom radical transfer polymerization, ATRP)에서 주요한 중합공정 조건인 투입되는 MA 몰분율, 중합 온도, 중합 시간이 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. MA 몰분율이 증가할수록 분자량은 증가하고 중합시간이 3시간일 때 중합용액의 초기 모노머 몰 비와 생성되는 고분자의 조성비가 거의 선형 관계를 갖는다. 중합시간이 증가함에 따라 공중합체의 분자량은 증가하고, 공중합체의 MA 조성비가 감소함을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 스티렌-MA 공중도 ATRP의 리빙 라디칼 중합 특징을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 중합온도가 증가함에 따라 공중합체의 분자량은 크게 증가하고, 특히 $110^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 공중합체 내에 MA 조성비가 크게 증가함을 볼 수 있다.